Types and Models of Product-Service System in Design Agencies

Product-service system design(PSSD)plays a significant role in both design theory and practice with increasing importance.Although scholars have made significant efforts to delineate its definition,methods,and applications,misunderstandings about PSSD persist widely across design agencies and academia.This study aims to outline the various types and models of product-service systems(PSSs)based on inputs from product design agencies.To achieve this purpose,this study applies a two-step research method,comprising a Q-sorting procedure followed by hypothesis testing.This allows us to study the business scope and design model of each design agency from a field research perspective.We propose a design framework with four basic types of PSSs,11 extended types of PSSs,and 4P-8D PSSD models.The current study has theoretical and practical implications.For academics,our models are clearly classified and validated.For practitioners,our models of PSSs can support design agencies in clearly recognizing their position within the design industry,allowing them to select the appropriate types and models to facilitate their future development.Our study also provides helpful guidances for college graduates,cutting-edge designers,and new design studios.

Motion/Posture Modeling and Simulation Verification of Physically Handicapped in Manufacturing System Design

Non-obstacle design is critical to tailor physically handicapped workers in manufacturing system. Simultaneous consideration of variability in physically disabled users, machines and environment of the manufacturing system is extremely complex and generally requires modeling of physically handicapped interaction with the system. Most current modeling either concentrates on the task results or functional disability. The integration of physical constraints with task constraints is far more complex because of functional disability and its extended influence on adjacent body parts. A framework is proposed to integrate the two constraints and thus model the specific behavior of the physical handicapped in virtual environment generated by product specifications. Within the framework a simplified model of physical disabled body is constructed, and body motion is generated based on 3 levels of constraints（effecter constraints, kinematics constraints and physical constraints）. The kinematics and dynamic calculations are made and optimized based on the weighting manipulated by the kinematics constraints and dynamic constraints. With object transferring task as example, the model is validated in Jack 6.0. Modelled task motion elements except for squatting and overreaching well matched with captured motion elements. The proposed modeling method can model the complex behavior of the physically handicapped by integrating both task and physical disability constraints.

Angular Position Controller and Its Design Model Verification for the Electro-Hydraulic Servo Control System

The angular position controller is system （EHSAS） to control the output of the rotary applied to electro-hydraulic servo actuator actuator. It works as a compensator based on the frequency response of the EHSAS. Its design model is verified on the state-space model of EHSAS by using simulation program SIMULINK. Real data used to test the system. Simulation results give a good agreement for the controller and also for the state-space model.

Discrete Event Net Based Modeling and Control System Design for Real-Time Concurrent Control of Multiple Robot Systems

This paper deals with control system design and implementation problems encountered in multiple robot systems. The methodology developed is depicted by a set of coordination mechanisms using hierarchical net structures and their accompanying rules. With the net models, the hierarchical and distributed control system is designed for an assembly task. Synchronization commands allow coordination of the movements of the robots. The net models make concurrency of the movements of the robots transparent to users. The net based machine controller executes robot motion control through the communication with the external robot controller using the command/response concept. Sensory signals indicating the change of state of robots are used to trigger or initiate tasks. Simultaneous movement of the robots is obtained by creating different background threads running in parallel under Windows OS. The multilevel hierarchical control system can be consistently constructed using net models.

Controller design of uncertain nonlinear systems based on T-S fuzzy model

A robust control for uncertain nonlinear systems based on T-S fuzzy model is discussed in this paper. First, a T-S fuzzy system is adopted to model the uncertain nonlinear systems. Then, for the system with input variables adopting standard fuzzy partitions, the efficient maximal overlapped-rules group （EMORG） is presented, and a new sufficient condition to check the stability of T-S fuzzy system with uncertainty is derived, which is expressed in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities. The derived stability condition, which only requires a local common positive definite matrix in each EMORG, can reduce the conservatism and difficulty in existing stability conditions. Finally, a simulation example shows the proposed approach is effective.

Design and Optimization for the Occupant Restraint System of Vehicle Based on a Single Freedom Model

Throughout the vehicle crash event, the interactions between vehicle, occupant, restraint system (VOR) are complicated and highly non-linear. CAE and physical tests are the most widely used in vehicle passive safety development, but they can only be done with the detailed 3D model or physical samples. Often some design errors and imperfections are difficult to correct at that time, and a large amount of time will be needed. A restraint system concept design approach which based on single-degree-of-freedom occupant-vehicle model (SDOF) is proposed in this paper. The interactions between the restraint system parameters and the occupant responses in a crash are studied from the view of mechanics and energy. The discrete input and the iterative algorithm method are applied to the SDOF model to get the occupant responses quickly for arbitrary excitations (impact pulse) by MATLAB. By studying the relationships between the ridedown efficiency, the restraint stiffness, and the occupant response, the design principle of the restraint stiffness aiming to reduce occupant injury level during conceptual design is represented. Higher ridedown efficiency means more occupant energy absorbed by the vehicle, but the research result shows that higher ridedown efficiency does not mean lower occupant injury level. A proper restraint system design principle depends on two aspects. On one hand,the restraint system should lead to as high ridedown efficiency as possible, and at the same time, the restraint system should maximize use of the survival space to reduce the occupant deceleration level. As an example, an optimization of a passenger vehicle restraint system is designed by the concept design method above, and the final results are validated by MADYMO, which is the most widely used software in restraint system design, and the sled test. Consequently, a guideline and method for the occupant restraint system concept design is established in this paper.

The Complex System Modeling Method Based on Uniform Design and Neural Network

In this paper, the method based on uniform design and neural network is proposed to model the complex system. In order to express the system characteristics all round, uniform design method is used to choose the modeling samples and obtain the overall information of the system;for the purpose of modeling the system or its characteristics, the artificial neural network is used to construct the model. Experiment indicates that this method can model the complex system effectively.

5G High Frequency Band Channel Modeling and Insights on System Design

There are two main opposing views in the wireless industry on the feasibility of developing 5th generation(5G) cellular networks in mm-Wave bands. The optimistic view is based on the fact that the path loss in mm Wave bands is not significantly worse than that in cellular bands when beamforming gain is also considered. The cautious view points out the significant blockage issues due to the lack of diffraction and adequate penetration in mm Wave bands. The implementation of 5G mm Wave cellular networks also faces major challenges due to the high link budget needed for long- range communication and the strong dependency on beamforming technology. This paper addresses some of these fundamental technology issues, from mm Wave channel characters and channel modeling to the implications on system and network architecture design.Although we believe that mm Wave can be used for 5G networks, we show that the air interface, device and network design will be very different from existing cellular design.

Conception Innovation Design System Based on PDM Framework

The system is based on the globally shared product model conforming to VRML Standard, and uses SmarTeam (PDM) system to integrate and encapsulate CAD, CAE and other application software for product development. The system takes sugarcane harvester? mobile telephone design analysis and evaluation as an example, and utilizes fuzzy evaluation principle to evaluate the design and simulation analysis results for decisions making. The platform provides a collaborative intelligent environment for the design of products, aiming at integrating people, process and data in the virtual product development. The multi-layered system architecture provides capability for KBM and conception innovation design process with a single unified data and process model so as to achieve true process streamlining and data integrity throughout the entire product development lifecycle, and hence improves enterprises efficiency.

Framework for a System of Systems Design Oriented to Evolution

A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimization,and robust designs.A hybrid model based on multi-agent and system dynamic models was used to analyze the evolution of an SoS and find robust designs.The framework can help decision makers generate a robust SoS structure based on the SoS' s capabilities over multiple epochs.

A novel observer design method for neural mass models

Neural mass models can simulate the generation of electroencephalography（EEG） signals with different rhythms,and therefore the observation of the states of these models plays a significant role in brain research. The structure of neural mass models is special in that they can be expressed as Lurie systems. The developed techniques in Lurie system theory are applicable to these models. We here provide a new observer design method for neural mass models by transforming these models and the corresponding error systems into nonlinear systems with Lurie form. The purpose is to establish appropriate conditions which ensure the convergence of the estimation error. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical simulations.

Today's Trend of Virtual Reality Apparel Designing System

In textile and apparel field,the CAD technology has been developed rapidly.The CAD system with the func-tions of pattern making,marking and grading has be-come substantial equipment for an apparel factory,But this apparel CAD system is only one graphic system con-centrating on the two-dimensional paper patterns,the three-dimensional apparel CAD system or virtual reali-ty apparel CAD is still not put into practical use.But it is one of the most interesting studying fields for

A Real-time Concurrent Product and Process Design System for Mechanical Parts

A real time concurrent product and process design system for mechanical parts is described in this paper. It consists of integrated product model, the expert system of product manufacturability evaluation and the controller of concurrent design. With the help of the controller of concurrent design, each feature of a part can be designed and evaluated based on manufacturing knowledge and resources, and can be modified according to the results of evaluation. The machining method of design feature can be selected based on manufacturing knowledge. So real time concurrent product and process design can be implemented based on integrated product model that is established based on generalized feature. Products and its design process can be optimized with the help of this system. The information and function integration of product design process can be realized. The time to market and the cost of products can be reduced.

高校富媒体在线考试的体系结构与全流程设计

针对传统在线考试的灵活性和智能化程度不足的问题,把富媒体理念引入高校在线考试过程,可以在简答、计算和综合等题型中插入图片、视频和声音等,提出采用深度学习的智能阅卷模块和基于动作分析的智能监考模块,保证在线考试的易于交互、高效监考和智能阅卷效果。在分析在线考试需求的基础上,构建了富媒体在线考试的体系结构与功能模型,开展了富媒体在线考试的全流程设计,为基于云计算的富媒体在线考试系统的开发与完善,提供了概念模型与数据模型的支持。智能测评云平台的应用案例证明了所提出富媒体在线考试模型的有效性。

地方高校畜牧学本科生毕业设计制度建设与模式创新

地方高校畜牧学本科生毕业设计是培养学生动手能力、解决实际问题的重要环节,然而传统的毕业设计制度存在一些问题,需要进行优化和创新。本研究旨在探讨优化畜牧学本科毕业设计选题制度以及创新毕业设计实施模式的方法和途径,以提升毕业设计的质量和教育效果。本研究采用文献研究和调查问卷等方法,对传统畜牧学本科毕业设计制度进行分析和评估,并提出相应的优化和创新方案,研究内容主要包括传统畜牧学本科毕业设计存在的问题、优化畜牧学本科毕业设计选题制度、创新畜牧学本科毕业设计实施模式以及强化畜牧学本科毕业设计流程和监管等。通过对传统畜牧学本科毕业设计制度进行优化和创新,能够更好地开展毕业设计工作,并且提升学生的动手能力和实践能力。

烧蚀型热防护系统概率设计与可靠性评估方法研究

为在保障热防护系统可靠性的前提下减轻重量,本文建立考虑多源不确定性的烧蚀型热防护系统的概率设计和可靠性评估方法。采用有限元方法计算系统热响应,通过试验测试与数值模型对比验证方法的有效性。并构建热防护系统的不确定性输入参数与目标输出的代理模型,基于代理模型与蒙特卡洛方法进行热防护系统目标变量的概率特性分析。采用Sobol指标对不确定性参数进行灵敏度分析,并以系统可靠性为指标进行概率设计。该方法针对来流、几何以及材料属性等多源不确定性进行热防护系统的概率设计与可靠性评估,以二维平板模型为例,计算热防护系统最高背温的概率特性以及不确定性参数的灵敏度,得到了不同涂层厚度情况下系统的可靠性。结果表明,与安全系数 n =1.5的设计相比,概率设计减重达到24%。

信息加工视角下地铁导视系统设计策略研究

目的对地铁导视系统设计现状进行梳理,旨在从信息加工视角出发,探究地铁导视系统设计策略,以提升乘客的寻路体验。方法通过文献和现状调研分析现阶段地铁导视系统设计存在的问题,论述信息加工模型切入的可行性,构建地铁导视信息加工模型。以武汉地铁为例,通过定性和定量对当前导视系统效力进行评估并确定痛点,基于模型从感知处理、记忆储存、决策执行三个层面对地铁导视系统痛点进行分类分析。结论构建了地铁导视信息加工模型,提出了以感知为基础的表现层设计、以记忆为依托的结构层设计、以决策为主线的行为层设计三条策略。从信息加工视角审视地铁导视系统设计,不仅可以提升乘客的寻路体验,还能有效提高地铁系统的整体运行效率。

嵌入式机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计

为充分提高大型机房智能化运维能力,及时排除各种异常情况,实现高精度、低功耗的系统设计目标;提出基于嵌入式的机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计方法;设计针对机房空间的传感信号采集层、数据传输层、后台监控层的多层系统架构;硬件结构设计了用户登录模块、传感器运行模块、数据记录模块和监控显示模块,4个功能模块在多层架构下工作;软件部分通过数据传输程序连接终端设备与云计算中心,利用数据处理程序完成功能模块参数设置,完成嵌入式机房运行数据自动监控,针对系统的功耗问题,设计了微结构级功耗模型,降低系统功耗;实验结果表明:所设计系统容错率在80%以上,数据采集精度高,当浓度超过100 ppm时,自动对烟雾超标情况启动报警装置;可以实时响应接入设备,及时获取预警信息,功耗低,平均响应时间均在2.8 s以下,实现嵌入式机房自动智能监控。