Will Sustainable Food Sovereignty Research Be Sustainable in the Future?

The article proposes two agricultural paradigms to address global food production sustainability. First, precision agroecology may unite production-oriented and ecological agriculture, but it offers distinct solutions based on data, innovation, and decision-analysis technologies. The author demonstrates how precision technology and agroecological principles can transform agriculture by 1) minimizing inputs with optimization prescriptions, 2) replacing self-sustaining inputs with location variable rate technology, 3) integrating functional ecosystems into agroecosystems with exact preservation technology, 4) hooking up farmers and consumers via value-based food ecosystems, and 5) establishing equitable agroecology. Hence, precision agroecology provides a rare opportunity to integrate indigenous practices and contemporary technologies to revolutionize farming practices. Precision agroecology can tackle agriculture’s most serious sustainability issues in a world in flux.

How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change?

To feed the increasing world population, more food needs to be produced from agricultural land systems. Solutions to produce more food with fewer resources while minimizing adverse environmental and ecological consequences require sustainable agricultural land use practices as supplementary to advanced biotechnology and agronomy. This review paper, from a land system perspective, systematically proposed and analyzed three interactive strategies that could possibly raise future food production under global change. By reviewing the current literatures, we suggest that cropland expansion is less possible amid iferce land competition, and it is likely to do less in increasing food production. Moreover, properly allocating crops in space and time is a practical way to ensure food production. Climate change, dietary shifts, and other socio-economic drivers, which would shape the demand and supply side of food systems, should be taken into consideration during the decision-making on rational land management in respect of sustainable crop choice and allocation. And ifnally, crop-speciifc agricultural intensiifcation would play a bigger role in raising future food production either by increasing the yield per unit area of individual crops or by increasing the number of crops sown on a particular area of land. Yet, only when it is done sustainably is this a much more effective strategy to maximize food production by closing yield and harvest gaps.

Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system

Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultural emissions which substantially contribute to air pollution could happen at every stage along the food supply chain. Meanwhile, air pollution can not only affect plant growth and animal health but also shift market equilibrium of both agro-inputs and outputs in the food supply chain and thereby affect food security indirectly. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of agricultural policy and energy policy on food security and air pollution, respectively, and provides an overview of potential policy instruments to reduce air pollution while ensuring food security. Finally, we identify the remaining research and policy issues for further studies, mainly focusing on the study of household＇s bounded rational behaviors and the issue of rural aging population.

Urbanization and Its Impacts to Food Systems and Environmental Sustainability in Urban Space: Evidence from Urban Agriculture Livelihoods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The paper explores Dar es Salaam, a rapidly expanding city in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shows that urban agriculture provides urban ecosystem services and contributes to environmental sustainability. The interconnections of environmental justice, urban ecosystem services and climate change and variability found eminent feature that influence land governance, productivity and aesthetic value of the city. The study reaffirms the pivotal role urban agriculture which plays to enhance community health services and access to resources, with important implications on urban environmental sustainability and redistributive spatial land use planning policies and practices. The process of urbanisation, forms of urban agriculture and government strategies for enhanced urban food systems in the city economy have been highlighted. Equally, the process triggers the transformation of settlements from rural in character to modernity with an augmented land use conflicts. The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to overcome the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Establishing a System for Food Recalls to Protect Food Quality and Safety in China

There are no explicit laws concerning food recalls in China; moreover, some related regulations have weaknesses. China should first create a system of laws and regulations governing food recalls, establish a system to recall defective food, and strengthen administrative and legal remedial mechanisms related to consumer rights.

Problems of Rural Food Safety and Strategies of Constructing Supervision System

This paper expounds the practical necessity of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system as follows: it is the necessary requirements of guaranteeing people's health and life safety; it is an important component of governmental function of social management and the logical extension of administrative responsibilities; it is the basis of maintaining order of rural society and constructing harmonious society. The main problems existing in the supervision of rural food safety are analyzed as follows: first, the legislative work of rural food safety lags behind to some extent; second, the supervision of governmental departments on rural food safety is insufficient; third, the industrial supervision mechanism of rural food security is not perfect; fourth, the role of rural social organizations in supervising food safety is limited; fifth, the farmers' awareness of food safety supervision is not strong. Based on these problems, the targeted strategies of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system are put forward as follows: accelerate the legislation of rural food safety, and ensure that there are laws to go by; give play to the dominant role of government, and strengthen administrative supervision on rural food safety; perfect industrial convention of rural food safety, and improve industrial supervision mechanism; actively support the fostering of social organizations, and give play to the role of supervision of organizations; cultivate correct concept of rights and obligations of farmers, and form awareness of food safety supervision.

Food Safety Traceability Systems in the Maritime Catering Logistics

This paper aims to explore food safety traceability in the onboard food and beverage operations on cruise ships through a case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with galley and foodservice staff. Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to logistics managers and employees of three Egyptian cruise companies. Results indicated that cruise ships in this study use paper-based and manually-entered (electronically stored) data traceability systems. Managing food safety by effective product recall, complying with legislation, and improving product quality are among the most important perceived benefits identified by foodservice staff. Maintaining a good reputation, ensuring food safety, reducing foodborne illnesses, suppliers' commitment to quality specifications, and maintaining guest confidence are considered the most important benefits from implementing a food traceability system. The results also depicted that the challenges managers face implementing or improving a food traceability system included high cost, absence of unified traceability standards between cruise companies and food suppliers, shortage of skilled staff, and lack of knowledge and satisfaction with current foodservice operation systems onboard cruise ships. Other findings elucidated that the critical success factors for implementing traceability included strict food traceability legislation, ensuring the adequacy and correctness of traceability information, adopting a food traceability system by the cruise company management, the standardization of food traceability information identification, and technology support for food traceability systems implementation from government. Other factors were reported of less importance. This research concluded the urgent need for more cooperation between cruise companies, food suppliers, and relevant governmental authorities to adopt food traceability systems and the need of authorizing and setting compulsory standards and regulations.

Food-Security Indexes Related to Combined Pollution of Chromium and Phenol in Soil-Rice Systems

The pot-culture method combined with chemical and statistical analyses was used to get basic data for determination of the food-security indexes related to combined pollution of Cr and phenol in soil-rice systems.Regression analyses according to the experimental result indicated that the critical concentrations of Cr andphenol in brown rice were 0.37 and 0.33 mg kg-1, respectively, under the condition of Cr-phenol combined pollution.

Study on Causes of Slow Progress in Promoting the Application of Food Traceability System in China

Chinese government has attempted to promote food traceability system with all strength,but the application process of this system is very slow. The reason is that the adopters have a low level of system application,which causes the system to be invalid at the source of traceability. This paper applies literature research method to analyze the influencing factors for slow application process of the food traceability system in China from various angles including manufacturer,technology,consumer and law,and further concludes that the applying intention of manufacturers,cognizing and purchasing intentions of consumers,and legal environment are important factors for slow progress of system application. On the basis of the research conclusions,the paper proposes practical ways for better construction of food traceability system in China.

Comparison and Enlightenment of China's and EU's Food Safety Supervision Systems

Food is the paramount necessity of the people,and safety is most essential for food. Food safety is related to people's fundamental interests,affecting people's basic health. It is an important factor in promoting people's livelihood development and social progress. Compared with European countries and the United States in developed food safety supervision systems,the development of food safety supervision system in China is still relatively backward. As food safety supervision is not in place,food safety incidents have occurred in recent years,so that public's panic about food safety has intensified. It has a strong impact on social stability and the food economy. Thus,strengthening the construction of food safety supervision system is imperative. Since experiencing a series of food safety incidents,the EU has gradually improved its food safety supervision system and has developed the most comprehensive and mature food safety supervision system in the world. On the basis of sorting out the characteristics of EU's food safety supervision system,the development direction of China's food safety supervision system is proposed from four aspects: supervisor,legal system,law enforcement ability and safety standards.

Promoting the Establishment of a Food Label Evaluation System

With continued improvement in their livingstandards,people attach more and more importanceto the safety of food.Food labeling has becomeone important element of food safety supervision.Inthe interests of China's continual economic progress,afood label evaluation system should be set up.

Government drive,economic induction,and construction of food traceability systems:An empirical study based on supermarket samples from 'first-tier' and 'Olympic' cities in China

Food traceability systems are capable of overcoming or alleviating problems caused by incomplete and asymmetric information on food markets.This study conducts an empirical analysis using 308 supermarket samples from China's Beijing,Guangzhou,and Qingdao to determine the factors that influence supermarket behavior when operating traceability systems.The results show that operating profits(generated from food traceability systems),scale of operation,level of economic development(of a city),and government subsidies will positively affect the decision of supermarkets to use traceability systems.At the same time,government policies promoting food traceability systems should have a long-term role.

Removal of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutants by Artificial Aquatic Food Web System: A Study Case of the Control of Cynobacterial Bloom in Jiyu River

An artificial aquatic food web (AAFW) system was designed to remove the non-point source pollutants in eutrophic Jiyu river. A certain amount of Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia pulex was cultured in the system for the control of serious cyanobacterial bloom. The AAFW system was a continuous-flow system including one storage basin of 3 m3 capacity with polluted river water (the total nitrogen-TN: 4.49 mg⋅l-1;the total phosphorus-TP: 0.192 mg⋅l-1), one phytoplankton tank of 3 m3 capacity with an initial concentrations of S. obliquus about 5.8 × 103 ind⋅l-1, and one zooplankton growth chamber of 1.5 m3 capacity with an initial abundance of D. pulex about 22.5 ind⋅l-1. The system was optimized by setting hydraulic retention time of phytoplankton tank as 5 days and the experiments were operated for 45 days. Compared with the polluted river, TN and TP were removed about 28% and 47% by the AAFW system, respectively. The biomass of phytoplankton decrease from 6.33 mg⋅l-1 to 1.48 mg⋅l-1 and the percentage of cyanobacteria decrease from 43.93% to 2.36%, the biomass of Crustacean zooplankton increase from 0.34 mg⋅l-1 to 1.53 mg⋅l-1 and the percentage of D. pulex increase from 19.19% to 57.62%. Our results indicated that the AAFW system not only is an efficient, flexible system for reducing nutrient levels in tributary rivers, but also has an ability to control the cyanobacteria bloom and rebuilding the aquatic ecosystem from the polluted river water.

粮食安全概念、评价体系与地理学优先研究主题

本研究综述了粮食安全概念的演变过程与特征,分析了近年来主要的粮食安全评价指标及未来情景研究方法的优缺点,探讨了地理学在粮食安全系统中可能的作用与研究方向。主要结论为:①粮食安全概念已发展成为包含4个维度、5个尺度的综合概念,宜采用“食物安全系统”词语表征。②家庭尺度与国家尺度是粮食安全评价的重点,粮食安全概念关注重点也从宏观国家角度向微观家庭和个人尺度转变,家庭成员的膳食营养摄入指标成为测度粮食安全的关键要素。③目前粮食安全评价指标体系尚不完善,多数指标均存在定量化不足、标准不统一难以对比、数据不准确等问题;而且未有能涵盖4个维度的全球标准化评价指标体系。④不同研究对粮食安全的未来情景预测结果差别迥异,准确性难以测度。⑤地理学可在食物供给影响机制研究、食物供应链、粮食安全评价指标体系、应对策略等方面做出重要贡献。

我国粮食主产区粮食体系韧性评价与障碍因素分析

建设有韧性的粮食体系对全面提升我国粮食安全水平具有重大意义。基于“压力-状态-响应”模型构建粮食体系韧性的指标体系,采用熵权法进行综合评价,并结合障碍度模型对障碍因子进行诊断。结果表明:2010-2020年,粮食主产区各省的粮食体系韧性水平呈现上升趋势,其中各省的平均压力值逐渐降低,平均状态值先增加后降低,平均响应值逐渐增加;压力准则层障碍度最高,成为影响粮食主产区韧性提升的主要因素;自然灾害直接经济损失、单位播种面积化肥施用量、公有经济企事业单位农业技术人员数、人均耕地面积是提升粮食主产区粮食体系韧性水平的主要障碍因子。因此,为提升粮食体系韧性,应建立健全粮食主产区粮食体系的应急机制、协调机制和长效机制。

2000-2020年黄河流域水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调时空演变特征

[目的]探讨黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调时空演化特征,可为定量评估流域高质量发展和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]通过耦合协调度模型分析水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展水平和耦合协调特征,并利用灰色关联度对各子系统内部指标进行排序,进而判断对水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度的影响程度。[结果](1)黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展指数呈上升趋势,水资源子系统波动幅度最大。(2) 2000—2020年黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度从初级协调向良好协调阶段发展;不同省区间的系统耦合协调发展水平差异较为明显,整体上可表现为上游地区>中下游地区。(3)各子系统与系统耦合协调度的影响程度排名可表示为水资源子系统>粮食子系统>能源子系统,其中水资源子系统内部指标与系统耦合协调度关联度均在85%以上,水资源子系统相对其他子系统的严格管理尤为重要。[结论]水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调发展水平有待提高,为促进系统协调发展和流域高质量发展应综合考虑各子系统的相互作用关系。

南亚区域合作联盟的粮食银行与粮食安全合作

南亚次大陆一直以来是世界上最贫困的区域之一,粮食安全问题尤为严峻。在南亚区域合作联盟的协调下,各成员国进行了粮食安全方面的合作,这种合作以粮食银行为核心,辅之以种子银行、技术合作、信息交流等方式。粮食银行旨在充当南盟成员国在粮食危机等紧急情况下的区域粮食安全储备,为各个成员国的粮食安全工作提供区域支持,促进国家间伙伴关系和区域一体化,通过集体行动解决成员国乃至区域的粮食短缺问题。可以说,粮食银行就是通过制度合作的途径,借助集体行动,来确保该区域的粮食和营养安全。粮食储备合作已成为南亚区域合作的重要内容。尽管开展了一系列实践活动,取得了一些成就,但仍存在一些问题,比如缺乏成熟的政府主导型粮食储备体系、耕地质量合作项目推行力度不足、合作涉及的粮食种类较少等。这些问题暴露了南盟成员国现阶段合作的深度与广度的不足。造成这一局面的原因是多方面的,成员国之间在多个维度都存在差异和挑战。未来只有通过不断深化合作,解决存在的问题,南亚区域的粮食安全才可能得到有效保障。

中国农食系统韧性的时空差异及其影响因素分析

农业与食物系统的韧性涉及整个国家或全球的食物安全,对于抵抗外来冲击至关重要。运用熵值法、泰尔指数以及地理探测器模型,测算2001—2020年中国及各地区农食系统的韧性水平,发现其均呈明显上升趋势。其中,山东农食系统韧性始终处于最高水平,西藏最低;华中地区农食系统韧性较高,西部地区农食系统韧性明显低于其他地区。中国农食系统韧性的总体差异、区域内及区域间差异均呈不断扩大的趋势,究其原因,主要是华南及西部地区内的省际差异所致。