整体论概念的梳理与整合

整体论在学术研究领域,是以超越还原论为旨向的一种思想意识。它着重是作为一种学术思想方法被提出和推进的。随着研究的深入,特别是与还原论论战的过程中,整体论思想本身的建构变得越来越重要了。实际上,对整体论既有存在论层面的理解,也有认识论、方法论层面的理解。同样,对整体论概念的使用也是多种多样的,以致出现了构成论整体论,系统论整体论,关系整体论,生成整体论,复杂整体论诸多整体论概念。总的看来,学界对整体论思想的理解和运用还欠成熟、存在混乱。因此,尝试对整体论概念进行梳理与整合,这于整体论思想的研究应该是一件很有意义的工作。

Evaluation of effectiveness of three fuzzy systems and three texture extraction methods for building damage detection from post-event LiDAR data

Building damage maps after disasters can help us to better manage the rescue operations.Researchers have used Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)data for extracting the building damage maps.For producing building damage maps from LiDAR data in a rapid manner,it is necessary to understand the effectiveness of features and classifiers.However,there is no comprehensive study on the performance of features and classifiers in identifying damaged areas.In this study,the effectiveness of three texture extraction methods and three fuzzy systems for producing the building damage maps was investigated.In the proposed method,at first,a pre-processing stage was utilized to apply essential processes on post-event LiDAR data.Second,textural features were extracted from the pre-processed LiDAR data.Third,fuzzy inference systems were generated to make a relation between the extracted textural features of buildings and their damage extents.The proposed method was tested across three areas over the 2010 Haiti earthquake.Three building damage maps with overall accuracies of 75.0%,78.1%and 61.4%were achieved.Based on outcomes,the fuzzy inference systems were stronger than random forest,bagging,boosting and support vector machine classifiers for detecting damaged buildings.

远古彩陶发展中的生成元与奇怪吸引子

系统生成论以系统科学为基础,试图从生成整体论出发,建立一种新的科学自然观,科学研究方法与方法论,推动当代科学的规范转换。而马家窑彩陶研究的发展需要一种基于信息的跨学科研究的方法论。本文概要介绍了系统生成论,将马家窑彩陶及其发展作为生命性系统的生成过程,提出并论述了马家窑文化是在中国西北“大彩陶”发展的过程中诞生的华夏文明生成元,并遵循系统生长的规律,成长为西北彩陶的奇怪吸引子。强调马家窑彩陶纹饰本身就是信息,作为信息载体,具有原始图腾及“族标”意义。彩陶纹饰的发展蕴藏着中华文化精神与思想起源的轨迹与信息,以及中西文化差异的端倪。