Power-balancing Instantaneous Optimization Energy Management for a Novel Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Bus

Energy management（EM） is a core technique of hybrid electric bus（HEB） in order to advance fuel economy performance optimization and is unique for the corresponding configuration. There are existing algorithms of control strategy seldom take battery power management into account with international combustion engine power management. In this paper, a type of power-balancing instantaneous optimization（PBIO） energy management control strategy is proposed for a novel series-parallel hybrid electric bus. According to the characteristic of the novel series-parallel architecture, the switching boundary condition between series and parallel mode as well as the control rules of the power-balancing strategy are developed. The equivalent fuel model of battery is implemented and combined with the fuel of engine to constitute the objective function which is to minimize the fuel consumption at each sampled time and to coordinate the power distribution in real-time between the engine and battery. To validate the proposed strategy effective and reasonable, a forward model is built based on Matlab/Simulink for the simulation and the dSPACE autobox is applied to act as a controller for hardware in-the-loop integrated with bench test. Both the results of simulation and hardware-in-the-loop demonstrate that the proposed strategy not only enable to sustain the battery SOC within its operational range and keep the engine operation point locating the peak efficiency region, but also the fuel economy of series-parallel hybrid electric bus（SPHEB） dramatically advanced up to 30.73% via comparing with the prototype bus and a similar improvement for PBIO strategy relative to rule-based strategy, the reduction of fuel consumption is up to 12.38%. The proposed research ensures the algorithm of PBIO is real-time applicability, improves the efficiency of SPHEB system, as well as suite to complicated configuration perfectly.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC URBAN BUSES

A novel parallel hybrid electrical urban bus （PHEUB） configuration consisting of an extra one-way clutch and an automatic mechanical transmission （AMT） is taken as the study subject. An energy management strategy combining a logic threshold approach and an instantaneous optimization algorithm is proposed for the investigated PHEUB. The objective of the energy management strategy is to achieve acceptable vehicle performance and drivability requirements while simultaneously maximizing the engine fuel consumption and maintaining the battery state of charge in its operation range at all times. Under the environment of Matlab/Simulink, a computer simulation model for the PHEUB is constructed by using the model building method combining theoretical analysis and bench test data. Simulation and experiment results for China Typical Bus Driving Schedule at Urban District （CTBDS_UD） are obtained, and the results indicate that the proposed control strategy not only controls the hybrid system efficiently but also improves the fuel economy significantly.

Application of CAN Bus in Hotel Guest Room Service and Management System

Technical features about CAN bus are described. One kind of scheme in Hotel Guest Room Service and Management System based on CAN bus is presented. The system's structure and main function are expounded. The work principle and design of the system's hardware and software are explained. The realization of the system's hardware and software is detailed from aspects of improving system's anti-jamming and fault self-examined capability, and the block diagram of each part's circuit is given. Finally, features of the system are summarized, and a comparison with the system based on RS485 was made to prove the advantages of the system. By practice, CAN bus in the system can transmit data steadily and reliably.

Enhanced Women Safety and Well-Suited Public Bus Management System in Bangladesh Using IoT

IoT can aid alliance of communication, monitor and information processing across various transportation systems. The authors have developed a real time public bus management system based on IoT and android application. The authors have used GPS (Global Positioning System) to track the nearest location of the bus and police station;IR sensor is used for checking seat availability. The authors also use a Panic Alert Button on every seat of the bus to reduce women harassment. With the press of the panic alert button, the notification sends to the owner and the nearest police station with the current location of the bus.

Management and Control of a DC Bus Powered by Renewable Energies

This article proposes a method of management and control of a continuous bus powered by renewable energies for autonomous applications. The DC bus is obtained from two systems of renewable sources (the solar system and the wind system) and storage battery (Lithium Ion). The continuous bus control and management procedure require efficiency in the control of the charge and discharge of the battery according to the load energy demand (DC Motor). The battery charging process is non-linear, varying over time with considerable delay, so it is difficult to achieve the best performance on control with energy management using traditional control approaches. A fuzzy control strategy is used in this article for battery control. To improve battery life, fuzzy control manages the desired state of charge (SOC). The entire system designed is modeled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink Environment.

An Interactive Expert System Based Decision Making Model for the Management of Transit System Alternate Fuel Vehicle Assets

Traditionally, the process used by public transportation entities to determine the acquisition strategy for new vehicle asset is based upon a broad range of criteria. Vehicle cost has been cited as one of the more critical factors which decision makers consider. It is currently a common practice to consider other factors (life-cycle cost, fuel efficiency, vehicle reliability, environmental effects, etc.) that contribute to a more comprehensive approach. This study investigates the next generation of advancements in decision making tools in the area of the application of methods to quantify and manage uncertainty. In particular, the uncertainty comes from the public policy arena where future policy and regulations are not always based upon logical and predictable processes. The fleet decision making process in most governmental agencies is a very complex and interdependent activity. There are always competing forces and agendas within the view of the decision maker. Rarely is the decision maker a single person although, within the transit environment, there is often one person charged with the responsibility of fleet management. The focus of this research examines the decision making of the general transit agency community via the development of an expert systems prototype tool. A computer-based prototype system is developed which provide an expert knowledge-based recommendation, based upon variable user inputs. The results shown in this study show that a decision making tool for the management of transit system alternate fuel vehicle assets can be modeled and tested. The direct users of this research are the transit agency administrations. The results can be used by the management teams as a reliable input to inform their urban transit buses expansion decision making process.

Urban rail transit disruption management: Research progress and future directions

Urban rail transit (URT) disruptions present considerable challenges due to several factors: i) a high probability of occurrence, arising from facility failures, disasters, and vandalism;ii) substantial negative effects, notably the delay of numerous passengers;iii) an escalating frequency, attributable to the gradual aging of facilities;and iv) severe penalties, including substantial fines for abnormal operation. This article systematically reviews URT disruption management literature from the past decade, categorizing it into pre-disruption and post-disruption measures. The pre-disruption research focuses on reducing the effects of disruptions through network analysis, passenger behavior analysis, resource allocation for protection and backup, and enhancing system resilience. Conversely, post-disruption research concentrates on restoring normal operations through train rescheduling and bus bridging services. The review reveals that while post-disruption strategies are thoroughly explored, pre-disruption research is predominantly analytical, with a scarcity of practical pre-emptive solutions. Moreover, future research should focus more on increasing the interchangeability of transport modes, reinforcing redundancy relationships between URT lines, and innovating post-disruption strategies.

Half‑Power Prediction and Its Application on the Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell City Bus

The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen consumption,the aim is to propose fuel cell city bus power and control system.The underlying idea is to determine the target power of fuel cell through simulation study on fuel cell and battery energy management strategy and road test verifications.A half-power prediction energy management strategy is implemented to predict the target power of the fuel cell in the current time step based on the demand power of the vehicle and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery in the previous time steps.This offers better understanding of the correlation between fuel cell power and vehicle drive cycle for enabling effective power supply management.The research results show that the half-power prediction energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle by 7.1%and the number of battery cycle by 6.0%,compared to the stepped manage-ment strategy of battery SOC.When applied to a 12-m fuel cell city bus—F12,specially designed and manufactured for the Winter Olympic Games in 2022—the fuel economy of 3.7 kg/100 km is achieved in urban road conditions.This study lays a foundation for providing the powertrain configuration and energy management strategy of fuel cell city bus.

Hierarchical predictive energy management strategy for fuel cell buses entering bus stops scenario

This paper aims to answer how to use traffic information to design energy management strategies for fuel cell buses in a networked environment.For the buses entering the bus stops scenario,this paper proposes a hierarchical energy management strategy for fuel cell buses,which considers the traffic information near the bus stops.In the upper-level trajectory planning stage,the optimal SOC trajectory under various historical traffic conditions is solved through dynamic planning.The traffic information and the best SOC trajectory are mapped through BiLSTM,which can achieve fast,real-time long-term SOC reference.In the lower-level real-time predictive energy management strategy,the optimal SOC is used as the state reference to guide the predictive energy management of fuel cell buses when entering the bus stops.Simulation results show that compared with the strategy without SOC trajectory reference,the life cost of the proposed strategy is reduced by 13.8%,and the total cost is reduced by 3.61%.The SOC of the proposed strategy is closer to the DP optimal solution.

Threshold values of traffic flow for the provision of exclusive bus lanes

A simulation network model was established using VISSIM software and verified by the T- test. The model took into consideration the road conditions, pedestrian crossing, traffic composi- tion, bus stops and traffic signal. The operating characteristics of buses and cars under different flow conditions were studied using the simulation model, and the speed-flow models of buses and cars were established based on the simulation results. Finally, the threshold values of traffic flow for the provision of exclusive bus lanes was determined with the target of optimal travel benefits （per capi- ta） , which would provide a basis for the planning and design of exclusive bus lanes on urban roads.

安全情报在安全管理中的作用机理及价值分析

[目的/意义]安全问题已成为当今社会备受关注的重大现实问题之一,而安全情报是安全管理的支撑、关键点和必备要件,故安全情报在安全管理中的作用机理及价值探讨和研究具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。[方法/过程]首先,从对安全管理的"情报"反思切入,探讨安全管理视域下的安全情报含义,以及情报视角下的安全管理本质。其次,为明晰安全情报在安全管理中的作用机理,构建与解析"安全情报—安全管理行为"(SI-SMB)模型。在此基础上,运用效用函数与相关数理知识等,建立安全情报在安全管理中的价值分析模型。[结果/结论]研究发现,从情报视角看,安全管理的本质是安全管理者运用安全情报实施安全管理行为。此外,从安全管理学学理与情报学学理角度出发,面向整个安全管理领域和过程,所开展的安全情报在安全管理中的作用机理及价值研究,可为情报视域下的安全管理研究实践提供具有普适性的理论依据与参考。

基于ASP模式的中小型制造企业物流管理系统研究

ASP模式是中小型制造企业实现信息化的有效途径。针对中小型制造企业物流管理的需要,建立了基于ASP模式的物流管理信息系统结构,并开发其原型系统,着重论述了ASP平台软件配置等关键问题。

中小企业人力资源管理外包的风险及策略研究

在经济全球化的背景下,竞争压力驱使中小企业聚焦核心能力,人力资源管理外包是中小企业适应外部变化的战略选择。因此,严格界定人力资源管理外包业务的确切含义,准确认识中小企业人力资源管理外包的必要性及其基本形式和一般程序,深入分析中小企业人力资源管理外包的风险及规避风险的措施,就具有突出的理论意义和实际价值。

如何提高核电产品加工企业质量管理水平

随着国家核电事业的发展，核电加工行业正在飞速发展，在此新形势下，从事机械加工的中小企业纷纷加入此行业。市场对中小企业加入核电加工领域的质量管理提出了新的要求。本文作者在充分调研的基础上，介绍了中小加工企业在承担核电产品加工前存在的质量管理问题，分析了问题产生的原因，总结出中小企业承担核电产品加工对提升质量管理水平具有显著的促进作用。

智能电源芯片BQ24721及其在便携式设备中的应用

详细介绍了TI公司新推出的一款智能电源芯片BQ24721,包括它的功能、特点及其在便携式设备电源系统中的应用。研究表明,BQ24721是一款集电源自动选择、电池充电器及安全保护于一体的高集成度、高精度的整合式电源芯片,它为便携式设备的电源系统设计提供了一种有效的解决方案,值得深入研究和推广。

科技型中小企业发展的生命周期

系统分析了我国科技型中小企业的现状、特征和生命周期。认为我国科技型中小企业的生命周期可分为 4个阶段 ,每个阶段都有特有的主要问题 ,正确和恰当地解决这些问题 ,是企业顺利发展。

厦门公交集团招投标管理中廉政建设浅析

厦门公交集团党委始终把企业的党风廉政建设做为一项长期的任务来抓,企业在实行集团化管理的过程中,招投标管理是集团管理事务中的一项重要工作,为了保持企业的健康肌体、正确的发展方向,党风廉政建设起着重要的作用.

Design and implementation of a 3-A source and sink linear regulator for bus terminators

According to the requirements of the bus terminal regulator,a linear regulator with 3-A source-sink current ability is presented.The use of the NMOS pass transistor and load current feedback technique enhances the system current ability and response speed.The method of adaptive zero compensation realizes loop stability over the whole load range for either source or sink loop.Furthermore,the transconductance matching technique reduces the shoot-through current through the output stage to less than 3μA.The regulator has been fabricated with a 0.6-μm 30 V BCD process successfully,and the area size is about 1 mm;.With a 20μF output capacitor, the maximum transient output-voltage variation is within 3.5%of the output voltage with load step changes of±2 A/lμs.At the load range of±3 A,the variation of output voltage is less than±15 mV.

管理创新与中小银行转型——新昌农村合作银行经济资本管理案例分析

中小银行如何转型是近期理论界和实务界关注的一个重点。与现有研究较多地关注业务层面的创新不同,本文强调了管理创新对中小银行转型的重要作用。本文以新昌农合行实施经济资本管理为例,考察了管理水平相对落后的中小银行如何进行管理创新。研究发现,中小银行能够创造条件,在当前相对落后的管理水平下,利用先进的管理方法和管理技术,实施有效的管理创新。通过实施管理创新,中小银行在业务结构、资产质量、经营风险和盈利能力等方面都有明显改善。因此,管理创新是中小银行实施转型的一种有效手段。此外,本文还对中小银行实施管理创新的一些关键环节进行了总结,同时介绍了其他银行通过管理创新实施转型的一些经验。本文的研究对促进中小银行转型具有较高的参考价值。

WEB智能化住宅小区 物业管理信息系统(IPMIS)设计

本文针对住宅小区的智能化需求,构建了一个基于 Web 的智能小区物业信息集成以及物业信息网络化管理和服务的系统框架。物业系统基于 LonWorks 的网络集成可以真正实现多网合一,而且,物业服务模型和设计结合电子商务可以满足物业费用网上支付的需求。