The intelligent security system is a series of systems that use modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, face recognition to carry out comprehensive monitoring, e...The intelligent security system is a series of systems that use modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, face recognition to carry out comprehensive monitoring, early warning, prevention and control, disposal, etc, for security protection. It is the development trend of security system in the future, and it is also the basis for open sharing between higher education parks and universities. By using content analysis, unstructured interviews and other research methods, this paper deeply studies the feasibility and basic ideas of the construction of intelligent security system in Shahe Higher Education Park, and forms basic experience and typical practices through the project construction, which further promotes the more intelligent, standardized and scientific safety management in colleges and universities. It really provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the opening and sharing between higher education parks and universities.展开更多
We investigate the dynamical behavior of quantum steering (QS), Bell nonlocality, and entanglement in open quantum systems. We focus on a two-qubit system evolving within the framework of Kossakowski-type quantum dyna...We investigate the dynamical behavior of quantum steering (QS), Bell nonlocality, and entanglement in open quantum systems. We focus on a two-qubit system evolving within the framework of Kossakowski-type quantum dynamical semigroups. Our findings reveal that the measures of quantumness for the asymptotic states rely on the primary parameter of the quantum model. Furthermore, control over these measures can be achieved through a careful selection of these parameters. Our analysis encompasses various cases, including Bell states, Werner states, and Horodecki states, demonstrating that the asymptotic states can exhibit steering, entanglement, and Bell nonlocality. Additionally, we find that these three quantum measures of correlations can withstand the influence of the environment, maintaining their properties even over extended periods.展开更多
By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is ...By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control (NC) files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control (CNC) system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.展开更多
This paper introduces the architecture and components of LXI instrument development platform based on an open embedded operating system,which is a modular and configurable platform.The platform is a total solution to ...This paper introduces the architecture and components of LXI instrument development platform based on an open embedded operating system,which is a modular and configurable platform.The platform is a total solution to develop LXI instrument modules and systems.On the other hand,it also supports other types of instrument development.This is a generic and efficient platform.At the end,this paper addresses the technical tends, challenges,and recormnends solutions.展开更多
The rapid development of the technology of the web systems and GIS, in conjunction with the world economic crisis, formed the content for the promotion and development of free systems and open-source technologies. At ...The rapid development of the technology of the web systems and GIS, in conjunction with the world economic crisis, formed the content for the promotion and development of free systems and open-source technologies. At the same time, the tendency toward the standardization of data, metadata and services, with the aim of creating common “Language” for the reading and the dissemination of information available, is a basic research area in the global scientific community in this field. The development of WebGIS systems, taking advantage of the free technology, also contributes to finding more economical solutions, where the use of such systems is more directly accessible. The aim of this research work is, through the analysis of technologies for the Internet, and also the architecture of the WebGIS systems, to investigate the possibilities and to develop the appropriate free technologies, so as to design and implement a spatial content management system for the web. Search with the use of the latter, is the best response to the needs and visualization application maps, with scope in rural areas. In addition, reference is made to the existing content management systems, which provide both processing spatial data, and easily create a WebGIS application.展开更多
In this paper, the control laws based on the Lyapunov stability theorem are designed for a two-level open quantum system to prepare the Hadamard gate, which is an important basic gate for the quantum computers. First,...In this paper, the control laws based on the Lyapunov stability theorem are designed for a two-level open quantum system to prepare the Hadamard gate, which is an important basic gate for the quantum computers. First, the density matrix interested in quantum system is transferred to vector formation.Then, in order to obtain a controller with higher accuracy and faster convergence rate, a Lyapunov function based on the matrix logarithm function is designed. After that, a procedure for the controller design is derived based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, the numerical simulation experiments for an amplitude damping Markovian open quantum system are performed to prepare the desired quantum gate. The simulation results show that the preparation of Hadamard gate based on the proposed control laws can achieve the fidelity up to 0.9985 for the different coupling strengths.展开更多
With the wide application of information technologi es , Internet-based remote diagnosis (IRD) of plant will surely become the main se rvice mode of corporations in the future. Therefore, it has received a great dea l...With the wide application of information technologi es , Internet-based remote diagnosis (IRD) of plant will surely become the main se rvice mode of corporations in the future. Therefore, it has received a great dea l recognition from academia and the industry. The IRD technology, which is based upon database, computer, and network technologies is the focus of correlative r esearch all over the world. Although some scientific institutions have developed primary IRD systems, their functions are quite narrow with many shortcomings. I n short, the standard of remote diagnosis has not been created, in particula r the network manufacture and diagnostic resources cannot be shared extensiv ely, so the systemic open character has not been developed enough to create the efficiency and the scope of the existing remote diagnostic systems. Aimed at improving the limitations mentioned above, in this paper we try to develop Web -CORBA open remote diagnosis architecture over the Internet, which is based on the existing troubleshooting software. We have designed and realized the general -purpose data interface of the software and some Java applets functional module s. Thereby the software’s open character and application field get widened. Our current research is focused on building the remote intelligent diagnosis center on the basis of the Web-CORBA architecture. Some basic functions have been app lied. Further, we put forward the project of combining the enterprise interior d iagnostic system to the remote diagnosis center, and make a study of building th e remote diagnosis object network architecture. The open remote diagnostic syste m based on Internet offers many advantages. Also, with the CORBA distributed obj ect technology, the distributed diagnostic resources can be connected as a coope rative diagnosis object system, in order that all the resources can be shared to the full extent, and the advanced diagnostic technique can be applied as soon a s possible. This is the inevitable trend of the diagnostic technology.展开更多
In the context of banning gated communities, blocks returning to the human-oriented scale become the new normal, and pedestrian system design will be paid more attention in the urban planning field. Oct-Loft Creative ...In the context of banning gated communities, blocks returning to the human-oriented scale become the new normal, and pedestrian system design will be paid more attention in the urban planning field. Oct-Loft Creative Park is a template for open blocks in Shenzhen, with a convenient and humanized pedestrian system. This paper selects the creative park's pedestrian system as the research object, using the environment-behavior theory for analysis. Finally, optimization strategies of pedestrian system will be put forward.展开更多
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) which occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to water and oxygen with an excavation is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. A dry cover system is generally constructed in ...Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) which occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to water and oxygen with an excavation is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. A dry cover system is generally constructed in waste dump for the prevention of AMD in Indonesia by virtue of low cost and availability of waste rocks for a cover layer. However, the failure of the system caused by the lack of information related to the construction of cover system in mines, which leads to AMD, has been reported recently in Indonesia. In this study, the field investigation was conducted in pit and waste dump in open cast coal mine in Indonesia with the aim of obtaining the information on the construction of a cover layer and backfilling conditions of waste rocks in the waste dump. The rock samples taken in two areas of the mine were analyzed by geochemical analysis and sequential extraction with acids. The results indicated that Net Acid Producing Potential (NAPP) of the rocks in the waste dump down to 100 cm depth in both areas was from 10 to 30 kg H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/ton, suggesting that Potentially Acid Forming (PAF) was backfilled in a cover layer. The backfill of PAF was contrary to the concept of cover system, which caused the failure of constructing a cover layer. The cause of the failure was likely attributed to the shortage of cover rocks which are classified as Non Acid Forming (NAF) or the failure of proper placement of them by an operational problem in the areas. Moreover, the results of the extraction with acids suggested that the form of iron and sulfur has to be taken into account to discuss the occurrence of AMD.展开更多
In an open ladder-type resonant atomic system, variation in relative phase between probe and driving fields does not affect the transient evolution of populations, but it has remarkable effects on gain and dispersion ...In an open ladder-type resonant atomic system, variation in relative phase between probe and driving fields does not affect the transient evolution of populations, but it has remarkable effects on gain and dispersion of the probe field. No matter whether an incoherent pump is present or absent, transient and stationary gains without inversion (GWI) always can be obtained by choosing an appropriate value of the relative phase. When the incoherent pump is absent, the values of transient and stationary GWIs are much larger and the time interval required to reach the stationary value is longer than those when the incoherent pump is present. Varying the exit rate and the ratio between injection rates can obviously change the phase-dependent GWI. In addition, in the transient evolution process, the phenomenon of high dispersion (refractive index) without absorption occurs at some values of relative phase. In the corresponding closed system, the stationary GWI can be obtained by choosing an appropriate value of relative phase only when incoherent pump exists, moreover the gain is smaller than that in the open system.展开更多
The notion of cooperativity comprises a specific characteristic of a multipartite system concerning its ability to demonstrate a sigmoidal-type response of varying sensitivities to input stimuli in transitions between...The notion of cooperativity comprises a specific characteristic of a multipartite system concerning its ability to demonstrate a sigmoidal-type response of varying sensitivities to input stimuli in transitions between states under controlled conditions.From a statistical physics viewpoint,in this work we attempt to describe the cooperativity by the stability of a metastable open system with respect to irreversibility.To treat the evolution of a system weakly coupled to the environment in a kinetic framework,we consider two fluctuating energy levels of different dimensionalities,initial population of one level,reversible transitions of population between the levels,and irreversible depopulation of another level.An average is made over level fluctuations and environment vibrations so that an inter-level transition rate can be obtained accounting for the influences of external control on level position and dimensionality.It is found that the cooperativity of the two-level system is bounded approximately between 0.736 and unity,with the lower bound indicating worsening system stability.展开更多
Objective: To establish the prevalence and risk factors of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) among patients with Systemic Hypertension (SH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in six cities of Colombia. Methods: A cross-secti...Objective: To establish the prevalence and risk factors of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) among patients with Systemic Hypertension (SH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in six cities of Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study among hypertensive and diabetic patients was conducted in Colombia. This study included 2067 subjects older than 50 years of age diagnosed with SH and/or DM. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann tonometry and blood pressure measurement. The glaucoma diagnosis was confirmed by structural and functional evidence. Interviews and standardized questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ lifestyle and other health conditions. Results: Among participants with DM/SH, 142 cases of POAG were confirmed for a prevalence of 5.6% [95% CI: 4.6 - 6.6], while 9.1% were glaucoma suspects [95% CI: 7.8% - 10.4%]. The majority of confirmed cases (77.5%) were undiagnosed. The prevalence of POAG was significantly higher with male gender, greater age, and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg as risk factors. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of POAG in patients with adequate SH and DM care in a novel Latino population. We also found great unawareness of the disease in this population. Our results have potentially enormous public health implications for Colombia and other Latino populations.展开更多
We investigate the teleportation between two relatively accelerating partners undergoing the phase flip, bit flip and bit-phase flip channels. We find that: 1) the fidelity decreases by increasing the acceleration of ...We investigate the teleportation between two relatively accelerating partners undergoing the phase flip, bit flip and bit-phase flip channels. We find that: 1) the fidelity decreases by increasing the acceleration of accelerated observer;2) the dynamic evolution of the fidelity is different for various channels if the acceleration is fixed;and 3) the fidelity is always symmetric about β2=1/2 where βis a parameter of the transmission state.展开更多
We study the non-Markovianity of open qubit systems using the measure N proposed by Breuer, Laine and Piilo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 210401 (2009)]. We find that for the three types of quantum noises, amplitude-damping...We study the non-Markovianity of open qubit systems using the measure N proposed by Breuer, Laine and Piilo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 210401 (2009)]. We find that for the three types of quantum noises, amplitude-damping, dephasing and depolarizing noises, there exist some non-Markovian time intervals whose distribution is independent of the selection of the pair of initial states. Therefore, the maximization in the definition of measure N can be actually removed without influencing the detection of non-Markovianity.展开更多
Mesons and baryons, according to their rest mass and half-life, show a tendency for de-confinement and re-confinement of energy, contributing to a continuous surge of enthalpy along the primordial chronology. The stro...Mesons and baryons, according to their rest mass and half-life, show a tendency for de-confinement and re-confinement of energy, contributing to a continuous surge of enthalpy along the primordial chronology. The strong force opposes to the separation of the constitutive quarks of pions, which by self-multiplication, absorb the energy released by decay and pair-annihilation. The 1% of mass apported by quarks requires an additional 99% of energy from this decay to manifest as gluons-hadrons formation. Processes like oscillation neutron-proton and antineutron-antiproton cycles are capable to capture primordial radiation, and may have prevented a Universe immersed into residual gamma radiation.展开更多
文摘The intelligent security system is a series of systems that use modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, face recognition to carry out comprehensive monitoring, early warning, prevention and control, disposal, etc, for security protection. It is the development trend of security system in the future, and it is also the basis for open sharing between higher education parks and universities. By using content analysis, unstructured interviews and other research methods, this paper deeply studies the feasibility and basic ideas of the construction of intelligent security system in Shahe Higher Education Park, and forms basic experience and typical practices through the project construction, which further promotes the more intelligent, standardized and scientific safety management in colleges and universities. It really provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the opening and sharing between higher education parks and universities.
文摘We investigate the dynamical behavior of quantum steering (QS), Bell nonlocality, and entanglement in open quantum systems. We focus on a two-qubit system evolving within the framework of Kossakowski-type quantum dynamical semigroups. Our findings reveal that the measures of quantumness for the asymptotic states rely on the primary parameter of the quantum model. Furthermore, control over these measures can be achieved through a careful selection of these parameters. Our analysis encompasses various cases, including Bell states, Werner states, and Horodecki states, demonstrating that the asymptotic states can exhibit steering, entanglement, and Bell nonlocality. Additionally, we find that these three quantum measures of correlations can withstand the influence of the environment, maintaining their properties even over extended periods.
文摘By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control (NC) files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control (CNC) system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.
文摘This paper introduces the architecture and components of LXI instrument development platform based on an open embedded operating system,which is a modular and configurable platform.The platform is a total solution to develop LXI instrument modules and systems.On the other hand,it also supports other types of instrument development.This is a generic and efficient platform.At the end,this paper addresses the technical tends, challenges,and recormnends solutions.
文摘The rapid development of the technology of the web systems and GIS, in conjunction with the world economic crisis, formed the content for the promotion and development of free systems and open-source technologies. At the same time, the tendency toward the standardization of data, metadata and services, with the aim of creating common “Language” for the reading and the dissemination of information available, is a basic research area in the global scientific community in this field. The development of WebGIS systems, taking advantage of the free technology, also contributes to finding more economical solutions, where the use of such systems is more directly accessible. The aim of this research work is, through the analysis of technologies for the Internet, and also the architecture of the WebGIS systems, to investigate the possibilities and to develop the appropriate free technologies, so as to design and implement a spatial content management system for the web. Search with the use of the latter, is the best response to the needs and visualization application maps, with scope in rural areas. In addition, reference is made to the existing content management systems, which provide both processing spatial data, and easily create a WebGIS application.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61573330)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)the World Academy of Sciences(TWAS)
文摘In this paper, the control laws based on the Lyapunov stability theorem are designed for a two-level open quantum system to prepare the Hadamard gate, which is an important basic gate for the quantum computers. First, the density matrix interested in quantum system is transferred to vector formation.Then, in order to obtain a controller with higher accuracy and faster convergence rate, a Lyapunov function based on the matrix logarithm function is designed. After that, a procedure for the controller design is derived based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, the numerical simulation experiments for an amplitude damping Markovian open quantum system are performed to prepare the desired quantum gate. The simulation results show that the preparation of Hadamard gate based on the proposed control laws can achieve the fidelity up to 0.9985 for the different coupling strengths.
文摘With the wide application of information technologi es , Internet-based remote diagnosis (IRD) of plant will surely become the main se rvice mode of corporations in the future. Therefore, it has received a great dea l recognition from academia and the industry. The IRD technology, which is based upon database, computer, and network technologies is the focus of correlative r esearch all over the world. Although some scientific institutions have developed primary IRD systems, their functions are quite narrow with many shortcomings. I n short, the standard of remote diagnosis has not been created, in particula r the network manufacture and diagnostic resources cannot be shared extensiv ely, so the systemic open character has not been developed enough to create the efficiency and the scope of the existing remote diagnostic systems. Aimed at improving the limitations mentioned above, in this paper we try to develop Web -CORBA open remote diagnosis architecture over the Internet, which is based on the existing troubleshooting software. We have designed and realized the general -purpose data interface of the software and some Java applets functional module s. Thereby the software’s open character and application field get widened. Our current research is focused on building the remote intelligent diagnosis center on the basis of the Web-CORBA architecture. Some basic functions have been app lied. Further, we put forward the project of combining the enterprise interior d iagnostic system to the remote diagnosis center, and make a study of building th e remote diagnosis object network architecture. The open remote diagnostic syste m based on Internet offers many advantages. Also, with the CORBA distributed obj ect technology, the distributed diagnostic resources can be connected as a coope rative diagnosis object system, in order that all the resources can be shared to the full extent, and the advanced diagnostic technique can be applied as soon a s possible. This is the inevitable trend of the diagnostic technology.
文摘In the context of banning gated communities, blocks returning to the human-oriented scale become the new normal, and pedestrian system design will be paid more attention in the urban planning field. Oct-Loft Creative Park is a template for open blocks in Shenzhen, with a convenient and humanized pedestrian system. This paper selects the creative park's pedestrian system as the research object, using the environment-behavior theory for analysis. Finally, optimization strategies of pedestrian system will be put forward.
文摘Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) which occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to water and oxygen with an excavation is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. A dry cover system is generally constructed in waste dump for the prevention of AMD in Indonesia by virtue of low cost and availability of waste rocks for a cover layer. However, the failure of the system caused by the lack of information related to the construction of cover system in mines, which leads to AMD, has been reported recently in Indonesia. In this study, the field investigation was conducted in pit and waste dump in open cast coal mine in Indonesia with the aim of obtaining the information on the construction of a cover layer and backfilling conditions of waste rocks in the waste dump. The rock samples taken in two areas of the mine were analyzed by geochemical analysis and sequential extraction with acids. The results indicated that Net Acid Producing Potential (NAPP) of the rocks in the waste dump down to 100 cm depth in both areas was from 10 to 30 kg H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/ton, suggesting that Potentially Acid Forming (PAF) was backfilled in a cover layer. The backfill of PAF was contrary to the concept of cover system, which caused the failure of constructing a cover layer. The cause of the failure was likely attributed to the shortage of cover rocks which are classified as Non Acid Forming (NAF) or the failure of proper placement of them by an operational problem in the areas. Moreover, the results of the extraction with acids suggested that the form of iron and sulfur has to be taken into account to discuss the occurrence of AMD.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (Grant No Y2006A21)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10675076)
文摘In an open ladder-type resonant atomic system, variation in relative phase between probe and driving fields does not affect the transient evolution of populations, but it has remarkable effects on gain and dispersion of the probe field. No matter whether an incoherent pump is present or absent, transient and stationary gains without inversion (GWI) always can be obtained by choosing an appropriate value of the relative phase. When the incoherent pump is absent, the values of transient and stationary GWIs are much larger and the time interval required to reach the stationary value is longer than those when the incoherent pump is present. Varying the exit rate and the ratio between injection rates can obviously change the phase-dependent GWI. In addition, in the transient evolution process, the phenomenon of high dispersion (refractive index) without absorption occurs at some values of relative phase. In the corresponding closed system, the stationary GWI can be obtained by choosing an appropriate value of relative phase only when incoherent pump exists, moreover the gain is smaller than that in the open system.
基金supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(Grant No.0110U007542)the National Research Foundation of Singapore through the Competitive Research Programme(Grant No.NRF-CRP5-2009-04)
文摘The notion of cooperativity comprises a specific characteristic of a multipartite system concerning its ability to demonstrate a sigmoidal-type response of varying sensitivities to input stimuli in transitions between states under controlled conditions.From a statistical physics viewpoint,in this work we attempt to describe the cooperativity by the stability of a metastable open system with respect to irreversibility.To treat the evolution of a system weakly coupled to the environment in a kinetic framework,we consider two fluctuating energy levels of different dimensionalities,initial population of one level,reversible transitions of population between the levels,and irreversible depopulation of another level.An average is made over level fluctuations and environment vibrations so that an inter-level transition rate can be obtained accounting for the influences of external control on level position and dimensionality.It is found that the cooperativity of the two-level system is bounded approximately between 0.736 and unity,with the lower bound indicating worsening system stability.
文摘Objective: To establish the prevalence and risk factors of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) among patients with Systemic Hypertension (SH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in six cities of Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study among hypertensive and diabetic patients was conducted in Colombia. This study included 2067 subjects older than 50 years of age diagnosed with SH and/or DM. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann tonometry and blood pressure measurement. The glaucoma diagnosis was confirmed by structural and functional evidence. Interviews and standardized questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ lifestyle and other health conditions. Results: Among participants with DM/SH, 142 cases of POAG were confirmed for a prevalence of 5.6% [95% CI: 4.6 - 6.6], while 9.1% were glaucoma suspects [95% CI: 7.8% - 10.4%]. The majority of confirmed cases (77.5%) were undiagnosed. The prevalence of POAG was significantly higher with male gender, greater age, and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg as risk factors. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of POAG in patients with adequate SH and DM care in a novel Latino population. We also found great unawareness of the disease in this population. Our results have potentially enormous public health implications for Colombia and other Latino populations.
文摘We investigate the teleportation between two relatively accelerating partners undergoing the phase flip, bit flip and bit-phase flip channels. We find that: 1) the fidelity decreases by increasing the acceleration of accelerated observer;2) the dynamic evolution of the fidelity is different for various channels if the acceleration is fixed;and 3) the fidelity is always symmetric about β2=1/2 where βis a parameter of the transmission state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11075050)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2007CB925204)the Construct Program of the National Key Discipline Ministry of Education of China
文摘We study the non-Markovianity of open qubit systems using the measure N proposed by Breuer, Laine and Piilo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 210401 (2009)]. We find that for the three types of quantum noises, amplitude-damping, dephasing and depolarizing noises, there exist some non-Markovian time intervals whose distribution is independent of the selection of the pair of initial states. Therefore, the maximization in the definition of measure N can be actually removed without influencing the detection of non-Markovianity.
文摘Mesons and baryons, according to their rest mass and half-life, show a tendency for de-confinement and re-confinement of energy, contributing to a continuous surge of enthalpy along the primordial chronology. The strong force opposes to the separation of the constitutive quarks of pions, which by self-multiplication, absorb the energy released by decay and pair-annihilation. The 1% of mass apported by quarks requires an additional 99% of energy from this decay to manifest as gluons-hadrons formation. Processes like oscillation neutron-proton and antineutron-antiproton cycles are capable to capture primordial radiation, and may have prevented a Universe immersed into residual gamma radiation.