A pH Model for Calculating the pH Value of Mixed–Acid–Base Equilibria of Overhead Condensing Systems in Crude Distillation

A pH predictive model based on acid–base equilibria and ion equilibria was proposed to calculate the pH value of the overhead condensing system of crude distillation unit. The pH model could be used to predict the appropriate amounts of neutralizers by measuring the Cl-ion concentration of the overhead knockout drum. The pH values of various neutralized streams were estimated by this model. The results showed that the predicted pH values were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The trend of the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreases in the following order: ethylenediamine > N,Ndimethylethanolamine> triethylamine > 3-methoxypropylamine > morpholine. The difficulty in the accurate control of corrosion was solved, and a good instruction was provided for mitigating corrosion in refinery.

Aspects of High Voltage Cable Sections in Modern Overhead Line Transmission Systems

Electrical power transmission is dominated by overhead line systems at present.This is mainly based on more than hundred years of experience of utilities in running overhead lines.Furthermore,overhead lines have proven their operational reliability and functional assurance.In the past,cables were used in distribution networks in urban areas for the most part with the exception of direct current submarine cables.New developments of high voltage XLPE cables make it possible to use this technology for EHV level applications in transmission networks.Within this paper,mixed network configurations,consisting of overhead lines and high voltage cables,are investigated.An exemplary EHV transmission line with a total length of about 100 km,which is quite typical for Central Europe,has been studied.Several different line combinations are discussed with varied rates between overhead line sections and cable sections length in practice.The length of the cable sections are ranging from several kilometers up to lengths of 100 km.In this paper the work focuses on the transient behavior of combined 400 kV overhead and cable lines during switching processes and lightning impacts.A number of calculations were carried out to get an overview of the transient stress in numerous network nodes along the transmission system.Numerical programs like ATP/EMTP have been used for these simulations.Peak values and wave shapes of the transient voltage stress have been evaluated,based on different systems and within possible combinations.In respect of the insulation coordination and transient stress at network nodes,the voltage-time trends are also analyzed.The combination of high voltage overhead and cable transmission systems,especially such with lengths of more than about 50 km,are making tightened and extended demands to the network design,to the operational management and of course to the network protection also.As an output of this investigations,the results might influence the strategy in running this new type of combined transmission systems.

Development of Jet Training FTD (Flight Training Device) Overhead System

Today, the growth of aerospace industry has led to the development of modular overhead systems that can be applied to a wide variety of aircraft.?It actually maximizes training effectiveness by working in a similar way as to the real aircraft maneuverability. Overhead system control device for aircraft simulator is developed as a module and integrated to the flight simulator. The developed system can replace the similar products imported from overseas at a much lower price, about one third of the imports, while maintaining the same level of functionality and the performance with the counterparts. This price advantage is the main motivation of this development, which is expected to enlarge the commercial training simulator market in our country. This development has been also funded by the government, and we invited several commercial airline pilots to test the equipment. The post operation interview revealed that the developed system at least matches or exceeds the performance of the imported products. With the development completed, it is ready for the commercial production and will help promote the expansion of flight training education at various aerospace universities in Korea.

基于数字孪生技术的铁路四电内业资料管理系统研究与应用

针对既有铁路四电(通信、信号、电力、接触网)内业资料管理的现状和存在问题,探讨基于数字孪生技术的解决方案,研发铁路四电内业资料管理系统。通过了解铁路工程建设管理单位对工程进度、质量及四电内业资料管理的主要需求,明确四电内业资料管理系统的功能规格,提出系统软、硬件架构设计方案,详细阐述各主要模块的功能;基于数字孪生五维模型关键要素进行系统建模和软件详细设计,实现系统业务功能。该系统在杭衢高铁等四电项目中得到实际应用,取得了较好的应用效果,充分验证了该系统在便捷性、数据安全性、适用性等方面的优势,同时提出后续需完善的功能等。

The Study of Overhead Line Fault Probability Model Based on Fuzzy Theory

In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.

Dynamics and Stable Control for a Class of Underactuated Mechanical Systems

The control of underactuated mechanical systems is very complex for the loss of its control inputs. The model of underactuated mechanical systems in a potential field is built with Lagrangian method and its structural properties are analyzed in detail. A stable control approach is proposed for the class of underactuated mechanical systems. This approach is applied to an underactuated double-pendulum-type overhead crane and the simulation results illustrate the correctness of dynamics analysis and validity of the proposed control algorithm.

多频段共口径遥感信号接收天伺馈系统设计

针对多频段遥感信号接收系统对S/C/X/Ku/Ka五频段信号共口径接收、高精度指向和全空域过顶稳定跟踪需求,研制了一种多频段遥感信号接收天伺馈系统,解决了天线多频段共口径接收和波束窄、信号难捕获跟踪的技术难题。提出并采用“频率选择副面+旋转”换馈方式、高精度筋开槽微应力胶粘面板、时间最优的非线性多模自适应跟踪控制技术,实现了多频段信号高可靠共口径接收和高精度指向及稳定过顶跟踪。对塔测试结果表明,所设计的多频段共口径接收天伺馈系统具有优良的性能,天线增益、第一旁瓣电平、差波束零深、跟踪精度和指向精度等各项指标均满足指标要求;对星动态跟踪测试表明,Ka频段指向均方根误差优于0.0136°,Ka频段跟踪方位均方根误差优于0.0056°,俯仰均方根误差优于0.0045°。验证了所提天伺馈系统设计的有效性,可用于指导多频段大口径遥感接收天伺馈系统设计。

Conflict-Free Routing Scheduling of OHTs Based on Multi-agent Intelligent Control System Framework

Overhead-hoist-transporters (OHTs) have become the most appropriate tools to transport wafer lots between inter-bay and intra-bay in united layouts of automated material handling systems (AMHSs) in 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrications. To obtain a conflict-free scheduling solution, an intelligent multi-agent-based control system framework was built to support the AMHSs. And corresponding algorithms and rules were proposed to implement cooperation among agents. On the basis of the mentioned above, a time-constraint-based heuristic scheduling algorithm was presented to support the routing decision agent in searching the conflict-free shortest path. In the construction of the algorithm, the conflicted intervals of the k-shortest-route were identified with the time window theory. The most available path was chosen with an objective of the minimum completion time. The back tracking method was combined to finish the routing scheduling. Finally, experiments of the proposed method were simulated. The results show that the multi-agent framework is suitable and the proposed scheduling algorithm is feasible and valid.

高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥接触网腕臂安装技术研究

高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥纵向伸缩量大且变位复杂,是影响接触网腕臂偏移等系统能否正常、安全运行的重要因素,如何解决接触网腕臂安装、偏移调整与钢梁伸缩之间的协同配合,目前国内在此方面鲜有研究。通过阐述受导线伸缩影响的腕臂偏移机理和大跨度钢桁架桥梁体纵向伸缩机理,分析在不同接触网锚段布置方式下大跨度钢桁架桥梁体伸缩对腕臂偏移的影响,并采用逐工点分析法总结不同工况下钢梁伸缩与导线伸缩对腕臂偏移影响的相互关系,揭示了接触网腕臂安装曲线在导线伸缩及钢梁伸缩共同作用下的计算方法。结合典型案例计算分析,建议采用不同钢梁跨度下的推荐锚段布置方式能有效降低腕臂偏移量,并提出应重点关注伸缩缝两侧锚段腕臂偏移问题、腕臂偏移为叠加关系时缩小半锚长度、钢梁跨度大于720 m时应重点计算伸缩缝两侧双腕臂间距等优化事项。研究内容及计算公式可为系统性解决高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥接触网腕臂偏移设计、施工及运营维护等技术难题提供理论支持。

基于孪生多注意力网络的接触网侵限轻飘物跟踪

针对接触网侵限轻飘物尺度变化大、遮挡干扰和铁路限界背景杂乱,易导致跟踪失败的问题,提出一种基于孪生多注意力网络的接触网轻飘物侵限跟踪新方法。引入三种注意力机制从更深层次提取轻飘物特征,通过空间注意力消除局部感受野限制,通过通道注意力突出轻飘物类别的通道特征,将交叉注意力聚焦于目标模板与搜索图像信息,采用空间正则化滤波器抑制背景干扰,融合各部分特征实现对侵限轻飘物的跟踪。采用OTB100数据集进行精度与准度实验,以国家重点实验室试验线采集的数据为算例进行实验,通过消融实验验证了新方法的有效性。结果表明:相比于相关滤波类SRDCF算法和深度学习类SiamRPN++、DaSiamRPN算法,新方法可获得更好的鲁棒性和准确性。

基于MFDC-SSD网络的接触网定位线夹缺陷识别

针对接触网应用环境复杂,定位线夹体积小、安装方向特殊、不易识别,传统的目标检测算法效果较差等问题,基于多尺度特征融合密集连接网络模型,提出了一种接触网定位线夹缺陷检测新方法。首先结合DenseNet与Inception模块对SSD模型的特征提取网络进行改进,在特定的特征层间共享上下文信息,提升特征提取能力。然后从网络深层到浅层,逐级采用FPN融合SSD检测的多尺度特征图,设计多特征融合的密集连接网络模型,最后将f GIoU作为边框损失函数,在训练中优化真实框和预测框的重合度。对采集的某段接触网定位线夹图像数据集进行检测识别。结果表明:该定位线夹缺陷检测方法可在复杂接触网背景下,对定位线夹脱落和松动进行检测,且在不同角度、亮度的图像中均具有较强的鲁棒性。

大西高铁牵引供电系统提速方案研究

研究目的:大西高铁线下工程按时速350 km设计,时速250 km开通运营,拟提速至时速300 km。确定提速改造方案需对既有牵引供电系统供电能力及设备状况进行评估及校验,结合牵引负荷增长需求,按5 min、4 min追踪间隔对全线牵引网电压水平和接触网有效电流进行研究,通过牵引供电设施分布、牵引变压器容量和其他设备容量分析,确定设备补强方案;通过弓网仿真研究确定接触网系统张力,进而校核接触网基础容量及零部件的适应性并确定改造方案。研究结论:(1)经对既有牵引供电系统供电能力及设备仿真分析,既有供电设施分布满足提速要求,除西安北牵引变电所牵引变压器安装容量满足要求外,其余牵引变电所均需增容改造;(2)牵引变电所配电装置维持既有布置方案,对容量不满足要求的电流互感器和导线进行扩容改造;(3)接触悬挂线材维持既有型号,正线额定张力调整至28.5 kN+21 kN,同步改造部分接触网零部件;(4)本研究成果可为高速铁路牵引供电系统提速、达速及提质等类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

一种接触网停电检修接地线接地可靠性检测方法

挂接地线是接触网停电检修作业的关键环节,为电力检修提供有效保障。为进一步加强电力检修作业的安全风险管控,针对在接触网停电检修作业时现有检测装置无法检测接地线是否可靠接地的问题,提出一种利用接触线上的残余电荷和感应电压来检测接地线是否可靠接地的方法。建立单线区段和复线区段停电检修挂接地线时的等效电路模型,并将接触线的残余电荷和“V”形天窗检修的感应电压作为等效激励源,对接地线电流进行理论计算;研制基于该文方法的接地线接地状态检测装置,用以判断接地线是否良好接地;通过所搭建的电流发生平台进行实验,并通过LoRa自组网与原有系统通信,在后台远程监测接地线的状态信息。实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性。

存储系统中的局部修复阵列码模型

对于单容错和双容错的存储系统,在磁盘修复过程中发生的任何故障都可能引起数据丢失,导致修复失败,保证数据的修复效率对于存储系统的可靠性至关重要。RDP码在进行单盘故障修复时使用混合恢复算法能减少25%的读取总量,但是在进行双盘故障修复时需读取所有的元素。针对目前难以同时提升单双盘故障修复效率的问题,对RDP码进行拓展,提出了一种具有局部修复性质的阵列码模型——DRDP码。DRDP码在RDP码的基础上将部分数据列按水平线进行异或计算生成局部水平校验列,并将其参与到全局校验列的编码计算中,从而缩短了修复链,使其拥有局部修复的功能。通过理论分析,DRDP码拥有良好的编译码复杂度和更新效率,大幅节省了单盘故障修复读取开销,并对双盘故障修复读取开销进行了优化,同时能修复75%三盘故障的情况。实验结果表明,与RDP码、LRRDP码和RDP(p,3)码相比,DRDP码的编码时间可节省8.23%~32.89%、单盘故障修复时间可节省7.08%~35.01%、双盘故障修复时间可节省5.07%~29.26%。

基于强化学习的自动化物料运输系统调度策略

为提高自动化物料运输系统生产运输效率,根据晶圆厂的混合式布局建立轨道的图网络模型,提出一种基于强化学习的动态调度策略。将调度过程划分为运输任务指派与运输路径规划两个阶段。任务指派使用基于实时交通信息的匈牙利算法求解。将运输路径规划问题表述为路径决策问题,使用基于离线策略的Q-Learning算法与玻尔兹曼探索策略构建的强化模型来求解路径决策问题。实验结果表明,所提方法可以有效提高自动化物料运输系统运输效率。

高速铁路隧道接触网外置槽道整治方案及受力分析

为解决高速铁路隧道接触网下锚处预埋槽道质量缺陷,以湖杭高速铁路(湖州—杭州西)工程为依托,提出外置槽道整治方案。利用有限元软件建立外置槽道数值模型,分析外置槽道和后置锚栓的受力和变形。结果表明:在规定荷载作用下,外置槽道最大应力为104.1 MPa,最大变形为0.032 mm;后置锚栓最大轴力和剪力分别为9.65、1.08 kN;外置槽道和后置锚栓的受力、变形均满足规范要求。将外置槽道方案应用于湖杭高速铁路槽道缺陷整治工程,实施效果良好,可在其他铁路隧道接触网预埋槽道缺陷整治工程中推广应用。

10kV架空线路间隔棒安装机器人上下线辅助系统研究

针对已研发的10 kV架空线路相间间隔棒安装机器人需要在地面完成上线和下线的问题,综合考虑上线和下线过程中机器人的安全防坠落、吊装时吊环的防滑以及高空远距离完成摘钩和挂钩等操作,研究了适合远距离摘挂的吊环,选用了不同的上下线吊钩以及同步上线或下线的电动绞盘系统,上下线辅助系统由举升杆、新型吊环、上下线吊钩、电动绞盘等组成。通过模拟试验验证了方案的可行性,试验结果表明:本辅助系统可帮助工作人员在地面完成对10 kV架空线路相间复合间隔棒安装机器人的上下线操作。

隧道内长大坡道区段刚性接触网短电分相设计方案

刚性接触网锚段关节仅有8~12 m,可大幅缩短关节式电分相长度,为解决丽香铁路3处隧道内长大坡道的电分相设计难题,文章通过借鉴柔性接触网关节式电分相设计方案,重点考虑绝缘锚段关节绝缘间隙、锚段热胀冷缩等因素,修正刚性悬挂锚段关节式电分相中性段和无电区长度,并结合工程实际条件,提出刚性接触网短分相设计方案,将电分相长度缩短至23 m,并通过弓网系统动态仿真验证其弓网动态特性可满足速度160 km/h要求。方案实施后,线路动态检测达速160 km/h,刚性接触网短电分段处无明显燃弧现象,各项动态指标满足标准要求。该方案的成功应用对速度120 km/h以上复杂工况线路的接触网电分相设计有重要借鉴意义。

融合图卷积与多尺度特征的接触网点云语义分割

准确的接触网语义分割结果对于接触网组件提取和几何参数检测具有重要的意义。实际上,接触网场景复杂,部件之间的尺寸差异较大,并且存在着较多语义信息接近且相连的部件,导致现有的深度学习方法难以高精度地完成接触网点云语义分割任务。基于上述问题,本文提出一种基于图卷积和多尺度特征的神经网络GDM-Net。该网络包含基于图的局部特征提取器,增强了对接触网点云局部特征提取;双重通道注意力模块,同时兼顾了接触网点云的全局和显著特征的提取;多尺度特征融合的细化模块,通过提取并融合接触网的多尺度信息,提升了分割精度。受益于上述几个模块,该网络提升了对于接触网部件交界处的点云分割能力。基于接触网数据集对该方法进行定性和定量的验证分析,GDM-Net相较于5种其他的点云深度学习方法,精度最高,OA、mIoU和F 1值这3个精度指标分别可以达到96.73%,91.06%和95.28%。定性比较表示,本文提出的网络可以有效减少部件连接部分的错分问题,提高接触网部件分割的完整性。

大风区接触网线路参数对附加导线舞动的影响

针对大风环境下兰新高速铁路接触网附加导线发生剧烈舞动以及线间放电的现象,依据接触网附加导线结构特点,建立了附加导线有限元计算模型,并对附加导线进行找形计算。采用谐波叠加法模拟接触网附加导线处的随机风场,并对导线模型施加风荷载,利用无条件稳定Newmark法以及荷载增量法,分析接触网线路参数对附加导线舞动及线间距离的影响规律,并给出相应的舞动防治措施。结果表明:40 m及更小档距对导线在低风速及高风速下的舞动均有明显的抑制效果;将附加导线运行张力提高至6.5 kN,导线阻尼比提高至1.5%及以上能有效降低两条导线的舞动剧烈程度;接触网附加导线的档距过大,运行张力及阻尼比过小,将导致导线舞动时悬挂点张力过大,易引起导线掉线、断线等事故;随附加导线档距减小、运行张力及阻尼比增大,线间最小距离呈递增趋势;不同线路参数下(档距、运行张力及阻尼比)附加导线舞动时线间最小距离均随风速增大出现减小趋势。本研究可为兰新高铁大风区段接触网附加导线舞动及线间放电的防治提供有效的理论依据。