NONEMPTY INTERSECTION THEOREMS AND SYSTEM OF GENERALIZED VECTOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS IN PRODUCT G-CONVEX SPACES

By using an existence theorems of maximal elements for a family of set-valued mappings in G-convex spaces due to the author, some new nonempty intersection theorems for a family of set-valued mappings were established in noncompact product G-convex spaces. As applications, some equilibrium existence theorems for a system of generalized vector equilibrium problems were proved in noncompact product G-convex spaces. These theorems unify, improve and generalize some important known results in literature.

Commercial Production of Tiger Puffer(Takifugu rubripes)in Winter Using a Recirculating Aquaculture System

Tiger puffer(Takifugu rubripes) is a promising species for aquaculture production because of its high value and limited supply. However, in the north of China, using sea cages to culture this species in winter is hampered by the fact that the seawater temperature is extremely low. Here, a large scale commercial production of tiger puffer has been successfully realized using a recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) from 3 October 2012 to 31 May 2013. The RAS was comprised of nine culture tanks(total water volume 200 m3) and stocked with approximately a total of 14400 fish(initial mean weight 160 g). The tiger puffer was hand-fed at a rate of 0.7% of total body weight per day, and the feed conversion rate was(1.21 ± 0.3) kg kg-1. The recycle water in RAS was treated by a sieve bend screen, a foam fractionator, a submerged biofilter, an UV sterilizer and a submersible aerator. During the whole culture period, an excellent water quality control was achieved in RAS. At the end of this experiment, the survival rate of tiger puffer was more than 98%. The final tank densities averaged 31.2 kg m-3, and the final individual mean weight was 440 g.

How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change?

To feed the increasing world population, more food needs to be produced from agricultural land systems. Solutions to produce more food with fewer resources while minimizing adverse environmental and ecological consequences require sustainable agricultural land use practices as supplementary to advanced biotechnology and agronomy. This review paper, from a land system perspective, systematically proposed and analyzed three interactive strategies that could possibly raise future food production under global change. By reviewing the current literatures, we suggest that cropland expansion is less possible amid iferce land competition, and it is likely to do less in increasing food production. Moreover, properly allocating crops in space and time is a practical way to ensure food production. Climate change, dietary shifts, and other socio-economic drivers, which would shape the demand and supply side of food systems, should be taken into consideration during the decision-making on rational land management in respect of sustainable crop choice and allocation. And ifnally, crop-speciifc agricultural intensiifcation would play a bigger role in raising future food production either by increasing the yield per unit area of individual crops or by increasing the number of crops sown on a particular area of land. Yet, only when it is done sustainably is this a much more effective strategy to maximize food production by closing yield and harvest gaps.

Multidisciplinary design optimization for air-condition production system based on multi-agent technique

In order to guarantee the overall production performance of the multiple departments in an air-condition production industry, multidisciplinary design optimization model for production system is established based on the multi-agent technology. Local operation models for departments of plan, marketing, sales, purchasing, as well as production and warehouse are formulated into individual agents, and their respective local objectives are collectively formulated into a multi-objective optimization problem. Considering the coupling effects among the correlated agents, the optimization process is carried out based on self-adaptive chaos immune optimization algorithm with mutative scale. The numerical results indicate that the proposed multi-agent optimization model truly reflects the actual situations of the air-condition production system. The proposed multi-agent based multidisciplinary design optimization method can help companies enhance their income ratio and profit by about 33% and 36%, respectively, and reduce the total cost by about 1.8%.

Graded coal-its role in iron casting production from greensand systems

Coal has often been regarded as a problem additive to solve and improve the surface finish of iron castings,but at the same time causes other issues such as increased loss on ignition,total fines and moisture in system sands.Although many altermatives have been tried,there is no real substitute for thw all round properties of this wonderful natural resource.With the correct choice of coal,the combination of low ash,high volatile and swell index properties coupled with the key element of grading size,ensures castings are produced free from metal penetration and surface related problems.By careful selection,safe handling and processing coal continues to offer a good simple cost effective solution.Coal is subject to regulations in storage,processing and transportation and then further subjected to safe handling and use by the foundry.Despite these handicaps,it is still economical to the end user and modern processing and grading methods ensure it is used in the optimum condition to help produce quality castings.

Herbicide resistance: Development of wheat production systems and current status of resistant weeds in wheat cropping systems

Herbicide resistance in crops has extended the scope of herbicide applications to control weeds. The introduction of herbicide resistant crops resulted in a major shift in the way that herbicides are used in many crops, but not necessarily increased the prevalence of herbicide use, especially in wheat. Wheat is one of the most widely grown crops in the world and currently only two major herbicide-resistant wheat groups have been commercialized to manage weeds in a cost-effective manner. However, sustainable wheat production is threatened by the expanding occurrence of herbicide-resistant weed populations with limited efforts to discover new herbicide molecules. Selective control of certain problematic weeds in wheat was impossible until development and introduction of the technologies, Clearfield and Co AXium Production Systems. However, the current limitations of reliance on specific herbicides and evolution of resistant weeds mandate precautions and considerations when using these systems to prevent the loss of existing herbicide resources and continue sustainable wheat production. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of natural pre-existing herbicide resistance and development of herbicide-resistant technologies in wheat. The mechanisms of resistance to herbicides in wheat as well as the weed populations in wheat cropping systems, and implications for weed management are discussed.

Safety diagnosis on coal mine production system based on fuzzy logic inference

According to the randomness and uncertainty of information in the safety diagnosis of coal mine production system (CMPS), a novel safety diagnosis method was proposed by applying fuzzy logic inference method, which consists of safety diagnosis fuzzifier, defuzzifier, fuzzy rules base and inference engine. Through the safety diagnosis on coal mine roadway rail transportation system, the result shows that the unsafe probability is about 0.5 influenced by no speed reduction and over quick turnout on roadway, which is the most possible reason leading to the accident of roadway rail transportation system.

Optimum Design and Global Analysis of Flexible Jumper for An Innovative Subsurface Production System in Ultra-Deep Water

The study focuses on the flexible jumper issue of Subsurface Tension Leg Production （STLP） system concept, which is considered as a competing alternative system to support well completion devices and rigid risers in ultra-deep water for offshore petroleum production. The paper presents analytical and numerical approaches for the optimum design and global analysis of the flexible jumper. Criteria using catenary concept are developed to define the critical length for optimum design. Based on the criteria, detailed hydrodynamic analyses including quasi-static analysis, modal analysis, and dynamic analysis are performed. Modal analysis with respect to the quasi-static analysis shows that the existence of resonant modes requires special consideration. The results of dynamic analysis confirm the effectiveness of the de-coupled effect from the jumper on STLP system. The approaches developed in the study also have wide application prospect in reference to the optimum design and analysis of any Hybrid Riser （HR） concept.

EMERGY ANALYSIS OF GRAIN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN JIANGSU AND SHAANXI PROVINCE

Efficiency and sustainability of grain production are now important in China. In this study, the grain production systems of Jiangsu and Shaanxi Provinces were compared, to analyze their efficiency and sustainability in terms of utilization of natural resources, inputs of purchased energy and materials, and outputs. Flows of energy and materials between environment and human society were identified, and the natural and human work involved in generating inputs as materials or energy were valued in terms of equivalent amount of solar energy required for their production using emergy method. The results showed environmental resources were continually playing a less important role in the systems, when inorganic subsidiary emergy inputs increased drastically while organic ones decreased or increased little. Deterioration of input emergy structure affected the systems′ efficiency and sustainability,resulting in emergy investment ratios and environmental loading ratios increasing while yield ratios and sustainability indices decreasing. In general, efficiency and sustainability of grain production in Jiangsu are worse than those in Shaanxi. This analysis also suggested that inorganic subsidiary emergy should be introduced properly, and peasants in Jiangsu should utilize natural conditions wisely while those in Shaanxi pay enough attention to soil and surface water conservation.

Research on Product Quality Law System

Product quality law refers to the combination of various economical relationships and legal norms in the process of production,circulation and administration.It combines the operation of the market with the state supervision.Studying on the legislation style will be of theoretical and practical significance.

Intelligent Multilevel Knowledge Acquisition System for Product Design and Its Implementation

The characteristics of design process, design object and domain knowledge of complex product are analyzed. A kind of knowledge representation schema based on integrated generalized rule is stated. An AND-OR tree based model of concept for domain knowledge is set up. The strategy of multilevel domain knowledge acquisition based on the model is presented. The intelligent multilevel knowledge acquisition system (IMKAS) for product design is developed, and it is applied in the intelligent decision support system of concept design of complex product.

The effects of aeration and irrigation regimes on soil CO_2 and N_2O emissions in a greenhouse tomato production system

Aerated irrigation has been proven to increase crop production and quality, but studies on its environmental impacts are sparse. The effects of aeration and irrigation regimes on soil CO2 and N2O emissions in two consecutive greenhouse tomato rotation cycles in Northwest China were studied via the static closed chamber and gas chromatography technique. Four treatments, aerated deficit irrigation（AI1）, non-aerated deficit irrigation（CK1）, aerated full irrigation（AI2） and non-aerated full irrigation（CK2）, were performed. The results showed that the tomato yield under aeration of each irrigation regime increased by 18.8% on average compared to non-aeration, and the difference was significant under full irrigation（P〈0.05）. Full irrigation significantly increased the tomato yield by 23.9% on average in comparison to deficit irrigation. Moreover, aeration increased the cumulative CO2 emissions compared to non-aeration, and treatment effects were significant in the autumn-winter season（P〈0.05）. A slight increase of CO2 emissions in the two seasons was observed under full irrigation（P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference between aeration and non-aeration in soil N2O emissions in the spring-summer season, whereas aeration enhanced N2O emissions significantly in the autumn-winter season. Furthermore, full irrigation over the two seasons greatly increased soil N2O emissions compared to the deficit irrigation treatment（P〈0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that soil temperature was the primary factor influencing CO2 fluxes. Soil temperature, soil moisture and NO3^- were the primary factors influencing N2O fluxes. Irrigation coupled with particular soil aeration practices may allow for a balance between crop production yield and greenhouse gas mitigation in greenhouse vegetable fields.

Research on a Product Information Management System Facing Remanufacture Engineering

Remanufacture Engineering is an important characteristic and development trend of a manufacturing system in the 21st Century, and product information management is very important to Remanufacture Engineering. In this paper, we first compared traditional manufacturing and remanufacturing. Then, according to the features of Remanufacture Engineering, we analyzed the request of product information management system facing Remanufacture Engineering, and designed the system module. Finally, we built a kind of system structure of product information management facing Remanufacture Engineering and gave realization methods based on Web.

On Construction of Supply Chain System for China's Modern Agricultural Products

In view of drawbacks in supply chain of China's traditional agricultural products,this paper proposed building supply chain system for modern agricultural products: taking informationization as basis,channel system as core,organization system as support,and service system and safety system as guarantee,to promote high efficient operation of the supply chain system. The channel system stresses alliance and integration of channel system,informationization of channel management,and terminalization of channel operation; the organization system stresses organization,large scale,group,and brand of participant entities; service system stresses construction of service means,service platform,and operation mechanism; safety system stresses building quality safety based agricultural product supply chain management mode. In order to ensure high efficient operation of supply chain for modern agricultural products,it is required to straighten out supply chain management system,actively cultivate core enterprises of supply chain,strengthen information construction of supply chain,select suitable supply chain mode,and improve benefit allocation mechanism.

Productivity status of traditional agrisilviculture system on northern and southern aspects in mid-hill situation of Garhwal Himalaya,India

The productivity of traditional agrisilviculture system(agricultural crops + trees) was investigated in the northern and southern aspects of mid-hill situation in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India during the 2004?2006.A total of 19 tree species were studied in both northern and southern aspects, out of which 17 tree species were selected in northern aspect and 12 tree species in southern aspect for phytosociological characteristic analysis of trees in agrisilvicultural system.The most dominant tree species are Grewia optiva, Celtis australis and Melia azedarach and successively grown under traditional agrisilviculture system.The results show that the annual productivity of all tree species was 3 775 kg·ha-1·a-1 in northern aspect(site-N) and 3 101 kg·ha-1·a-1 in southern aspect(site-S).G.optiva had the highest productivity in both site-N and site-S among the tree species, followed by M.azedarach, Quercus leucotrichophora and C.australis.The dominant agricultural crops were Eleusine coracana in summer cereals, Phaseolus vulgaris in summer pulses-oilseeds and Triticum aestivum in the winter season in the area.The average biological productivity of agricultural crops in northern aspect was about 16% higher than that in southern aspect under traditional agrisilviculture system.The sole agricultural crop productivity(without trees) in northern aspect was also higher than that in southern aspect.An obvious difference in annual productivity of trees and agriculture crops was observed between northern aspect and southern aspect.The overall productivity in traditional agrisilviculture system(crop + tree) was 24%(in northern aspect) and 21%(in southern aspect) higher than that in sole cropping system.

System Approach to the Integration of Military and Civilian Productions in China

The author uses system analysis to provide system thinkings of the deepening reform of the management of defence science, technology and industry (DSTI) and investigate the system definition of DSTI, the system reform target, system operational mechanism, institutional structure, coordination and control functions and the orientation of conversion in China.

Sequencing Mixed-model Production Systems by Modified Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms

As two independent problems,scheduling for parts fabrication line and sequencing for mixed-model assembly line have been addressed respectively by many researchers.However,these two problems should be considered simultaneously to improve the efficiency of the whole fabrication/assembly systems.By far,little research effort is devoted to sequencing problems for mixed-model fabrication/assembly systems.This paper is concerned about the sequencing problems in pull production systems which are composed of one mixed-model assembly line with limited intermediate buffers and two flexible parts fabrication flow lines with identical parallel machines and limited intermediate buffers.Two objectives are considered simultaneously：minimizing the total variation in parts consumption in the assembly line and minimizing the total makespan cost in the fabrication/assembly system.The integrated optimization framework,mathematical models and the method to construct the complete schedules for the fabrication lines according to the production sequences for the first stage in fabrication lines are presented.Since the above problems are non-deterministic polynomial-hard（NP-hard）,a modified multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed for solving the models,in which a method to generate the production sequences for the fabrication lines from the production sequences for the assembly line and a method to generate the initial population are put forward,new selection,crossover and mutation operators are designed,and Pareto ranking method and sharing function method are employed to evaluate the individuals＇ fitness.The feasibility and efficiency of the multi-objective genetic algorithm is shown by computational comparison with a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm.The sequencing problems for mixed-model production systems can be solved effectively by the proposed modified multi-objective genetic algorithm.

MODELING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE SERIAL AND PARALLEL PRODUCTION SYSTEM BASED ON GSPN

Differed from the existed applications of generalized stochastic Petri net(GSPN) theory in machine-tool manufacturing system, reliability computation of FMS, testabilityparameters determination and fault analysis, a new idea of applying GSPN to model and performanceanalysis for the serial and parallel production system is proposed. And one typical discrete eventdynamic system (DEDS), turner-unit of palletizing system, is taken as a real case to research. Basedupon the established GSPN models, the working performances of serial and parallel layout arecompared. Furthermore, their differences of working mechanisms including feeding mechanism,coordinating mechanism and monitoring mechanism are discussed. Thus the theoretical basis which ishelpful to appraise layout plan and its reasonableness is provided. Meanwhile, the research resultsshow that parallel layout is more advantageous to greatly improve the operational speed ofproduction system than serial one.

Research efforts to improve performance of production systems

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of production systems, a lot of work has been done. The research efforts to improve the performance of production systems are summed up here and future research directions are discussed at last.

System View of Product Data Management and Its Application

A product data management system for a manufacturing enterprise is to make sure that the proper product data can be communicated to the right people at the right time.This paper describes a system analysis paradigm for data analysis in a product data management(PDM)development.Three aspects of the paradigm,i.e.,function,structure and behavior are rep- resented.The use of the paradigm explains why so many kinds of objects are necessary in a commercial database matrix and what models are available for developing a PDM application.As another result,a lot of models are derived from the analysis of product data system paradigm to model product data and PDM database definitions.