《Information Systems Research》1998~2017文献计量分析—基于Citespace可视图谱

本文运用Citespace文献计量分析软件,以《Information Systems Research》(简称ISR)期刊在1998年至2017年近20年收录的747篇文献为研究对象,从文献产出分析、国家合作网络分析、机构合作网络分析和引文网络聚类分析四个方面进行研究,研究结果表明:1) 根据文献产出分析,ISR期刊的文献产出量呈现波动性增长;2) 根据国家合作网络分析,美国在国家合作网络中是核心节点,中国需要加强国际合作,提高自身影响力;3) 在研究机构合作网络中,文献产出量前五所高校均位于美国,同时根据合作网络中心性分析,中心性在0.1以上的12所机构中,9所位于美国,中国只有香港城市大学列于其中,另外,德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校、佐治亚理工学院、新加坡国立大学和德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校,在信息系统领域研究潜力巨大;4) 根据引文网络聚类分析,研究热点的演变可分为三个阶段:1998年至2001年期间信息系统领域研究的重心在信息系统的企业应用,2002年至2011年期间研究重心由传统的组织转移到虚拟组织的测量指标、信任和影响因素,2012年至2017年期间由电子口碑研究转向在线知识社区中的知识扩散研究。

Research Review on Agricultural Heritage Systems and Its Tourism Development

Concept of agricultural heritage systems was introduced. As a new heritage type, agricultural heritage systems focus on agricultural systems and its related biodiversity, landscape, land use system, traditional agricultural knowledge and experience, practices, and also the relative cultural diversity which make it the best expression of "agricultural heritage systems are not about the past, it is about the future". Studies about agricultural systems are mainly concentrating on pilot systems, about biodiversity conservation, eco-mechanism and ecological values of the systems, traditional knowledge conservation, community involvement, policies and regulations about the dynamic conservation and adaptive management, and also ways of dynamic conservation and exploration. Being considered as a dynamic approach of protecting agricultural heritage systems, agricultural heritage tourism was compared with rural tourism, agricultural tourism and "farm-stay". Agricultural heritage tourism is actually a type of heritage tourism, and one of its important functions is to build cultural identity of the heritage site and enhance awareness of the local community to conserve their assets. And the studies show that agricultural heritage systems as a kind of tourist resources have great development potentials.

The Flemish Performance-based Research Funding System: A Unique Variant of the Norwegian Model

The BOF-key is the performance-based research funding system that is used in Flanders, Belgium. In this paper we describe the historical background of the system, its current design and organization, as well as its effects on the Flemish higher education landscape. The BOFkey in its current form relies on three bibliometric parameters: publications in Web of Science, citations in Web of Science, and publications in a comprehensive regional database for SSH publications. Taken together, the BOF-key forms a unique variant of the Norwegian model: while the system to a large extent relies on a commercial database, it avoids the problem of inadequate coverage of the SSH. Because the bibliometric parameters of the BOF-key are reused in other funding allocation schemes, their overall importance to the Flemish universities is substantial.

Research of Web-based Workflow Management System

The state of the art of workflow management techniques in research is introduced. The research and development trends of Workflow Management System (WFMS) are presented. On basis of analysis and comparison of kinds of WFMSs, a WFMS based on Web technology and distributed object management is proposed. Finally, the application of the WFMS in supply chain management is described in detail.

Redesigning the Model of Book Evaluation in the Polish Performance-based Research Funding System

Purpose: This study aims to present the key systemic changes in the Polish book evaluation model to focus on the publisher list, as inspired by the Norwegian Model. Design/methodology/approach: In this study we reconstruct the framework of the 2010 and 2018 models of book evaluation in Poland within the performance-based research funding system. Findings: For almost 20 years the book evaluation system in Poland has been based on the verification of various technical criteria(e.g. length of the book). The new 2018 model is based on the principle of prestige inheritance(a book is worth as much as its publisher is) and is inspired by the publisher list used in the Norwegian Model. In this paper, we argue that this solution may be a more balanced policy instrument than the previous 2010 model in which neither the quality of the publisher nor the quality of the book played any role in the evaluation.Research limitations: We work from the framework of the 2018 model of book evaluation specified in the law on higher education and science from 20 July 2018, as implementation acts are not available yet. Practical implications: This study may provide a valuable point of reference on how structural reforms in the research evaluation model were implemented on a country level. The results of this study may be interesting to policy makers, stakeholders and researchers focused on science policy. Originality/value: This is the very first study that presents the new framework of the Polish research evaluation model and policy instruments for scholarly book evaluation. We describe what motivated policy makers to change the book evaluation model, and what arguments were explicitly raised to argue for the new solution.

THE MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research ofToponymy,some foundational problems of the Geographical Name Information System(GINS)are discussed in this paper.The present situation of Toponymical research is anal-ysed and the necessity of introducing the GIS tools to the research of Toponymy is demon-strated.The conceptual model of the GNIS and the structure of Geographical name Database(GND)are discussed.The basic functions of the GNIS software for management and re-search of geographical name are suggested.Some issues are stated such as the applicationand potential of the combination of GIS with CAD in the management and research of To-ponymy,the combination of GNIS with other spatial information system and sharing the in-formation with each other,the research and development of GNIS, etc.

Impact of systems modelling on agronomic research and adoption of new practices in smallholder agriculture

An analysis of the impact of simulation modelling in three diverse crop-livestock improvement projects in Agricultural Research for Development（AR4D） reveals benefits across a range of aspects including identification of objectives, design and implementation of experimental programs, effectiveness of participatory research with smallholder farmers, implementation of system change and scaling-out of results.In planning change, farmers must consider complex interactions within both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects of their crop and animal production activities.For this, whole-farm models that include household models of food, workload and financial requirements have the most utility and impact.The analysis also proposes improvements in design and implementation of AR4 D projects to improve the utility of simulation modelling for securing positive agronomic and livestock outcomes and lasting legacies.

Meru University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Review System: A SWOT Analysis

The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.

Disciplinary System of Scientific Research on Geoparks and the Prospects

A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enhance the scientificity of geoscience popularization and interpretation.In turn,it can promote the development of geosciences,technologies and other related disciplines.The purpose of this study is to define the concept of scientific

Neutronic design investigation of a liquid injection-based second shutdown system for a typical research reactor using MCNPX

Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engineered safety feature and a part of the reactor protection system(RPS) is a means for rapidly shutting down a nuclear reactor, keeping it in a subcritical state and serving as a backup to the first shutdown system(FSS). In this research, one SSS with two types of optimum chamber designs is proposed that take into account the main current characteristic features of the Tehran research reactor with improvements over earlier designs. They are based on a liquid neutron absorber injection that is preferably different, diverse, and independent from the FSS based on the rod drop mechanism. The major design characteristics of this SSS with two different chambers were investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The performed calculations showed that the designed SSS is a reliable shutdown system, assuring an appropriate shutdown margin and injection time, with no significant effects on the effective delayed neutron fraction while causing minimal variations to the core structure. Further, the reasonable financial cost and the prolongation of the operation cycle are additional advantages of this design.

Large-Scale Weather Systems: A Future Research Priority

A brief assessment is provided of both the case against and the case for assigning priority to research on large-scale weather systems （LSWS）. The three-fold case against is based upon： the emergence of new overarching themes in environmental science; the fresh emphasis upon other sub-disciplines of the atmospheric science; and the mature state of research and prediction of LSWS. The case for is also supported by three arguments. First is the assertion that LSWS research should not merely be an integral but a major component of future research related to both the new overarching themes and the other sub-disciplines. Second recent major developments in LSWS research, as epitomized by the paradigm shifts in the prediction strategy for LSWS and the emergence of the potential vorticity perspective, testify to the theme＇s on-going vibrancy. Third the field＇s future development, as exemplified by the new international THORPEX （The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment） programme, embodies a perceptive dovetailing of intellectually challenging fundamental research with directed application（s） of societal and economic benefit. It is thus inferred that LSWS research, far from being in demise, will feature at the forefront of the new relationship between science and society.

The National Estuarine Research Reserve System: A Review of Research and Monitoring Initiatives

The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) is an integrated network of 29 protected and coordinated estuarine reserve sites in 23 states and one territory (Puerto Rico) covering more than 525,000 ha of estuarine habitat, adjoining wetlands, and uplands that encompass 19 biogeographical regions along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts, as well as the Caribbean Sea and Great Lakes. NERRS is an ecosystem-based research and monitoring network of sites serving as platforms to develop quantitative databases of value to coastal management programs in identifying and tracking short-term variability and long-term changes in the integrity and biodiversity of estuarine systems nationwide due to natural perturbations and anthropogenic disturbances. The reserve sites also play a vital role in assessing coastal issues of local, regional, and national significance for the purpose of sustaining estuarine systems and coastal lands, such as evaluating their responses to climate change and other major stressors to inform coastal decision-making and public awareness for the protection and resilience of natural resources and coastal communities. Over the past four decades, NERRS sites have collected large volumes of research and monitoring data of great utility in characterizing estuarine environments and addressing an array of resource-management concerns, including degraded water quality, loss and alteration of essential habitat, impacted fisheries, invasive species, and conservation.

生态学研究方法论:需求牵引、假说驱动、多层次综合、研究-过程尺度匹配、定性定量结合、应用验证

生态学是研究生物与环境关系的科学,目的是解决人类面临的生态环境问题。然而,不少生态研究结果不能可靠地解释、预测野外现象,更无助于实际问题的解决,其根本原因是方法论出了问题。与物理系统不同,生态系统是复杂适应系统,由具有独特内在性质的适应主体组成;子系统种类多,非线性相互作用类型多;系统不同层次间相互作用不稳定。根据这些特点,基于科学哲学原理、复杂性科学理论及生态学研究成功案例,文章首次提出生态学研究方法的六个原则,建立了生态学研究范式。原则1:需求牵引。社会需求是科技发展的根本驱动力。生态学本质上是一门应用科学,故更应注重需求牵引,提出与解决实际生态环境问题密切相关的科学问题。原则2:假说驱动。假说-演绎法是现代科学研究的基本范式。这对复杂适应系统的研究显得尤为重要,好的假设可使我们从复杂现象中抓住解决科学问题的突破口,开展直奔主题式的研究设计。原则3:多层次综合分析。由于不同层次间作用动态变化,且各层次成员间普遍存在非线性相互作用,故对此类系统的研究应进行多层次综合分析。至少要考虑三个层次,即现象发生的中心层次及其邻近的高、低两个层次。首先应对中心层次宏观量进行归纳分析,建立经验关系即宏观格局,进而探讨宏观格局与高层次背景及历史演化的关系,然后开展宏观格局的低层次机制研究。原则4:研究尺度与过程尺度相匹配。研究尺度与所研究现象相关过程的尺度不匹配是导致众多生态研究结论不可靠的最重要原因。尺度不匹配有两种类型:实验与现象的时间、空间和组织尺度不匹配;调查数据分析尺度与相关过程尺度不匹配。因此,生态研究尺度必须与过程尺度相匹配。首先必须开展野外观测,开展恰当尺度的分析,然后在近自然系统开展长时间模拟实验,证实野外结论,分析机制;中小宇宙实验应能模拟相关生态过程。原则5:定性机制与定量模型相结合。对于适应系统,精确的定量关系难以建立,其原因是变量异质性、难以运用统计量演绎法。据此特点,适应系统研究应首先阐明定性机制,即建立概念模型。定性机制很重要,不仅自身就有解释、预测能力,而且为定量模型提供坚实的基础;只有基于机制,定量模型才能具有更强的普适性和预测能力。为了减少变量异质性的影响,可在不同区域对定量模型进行率定,以提高预测能力。原则6:应用验证。除实验验证外,应不断进行应用验证,以检验所得规律是否真正有助于解决实际问题,并确定其适用范围。

澳大利亚高校科教融合的科研体系与食品研究生培养——以墨尔本大学为例

澳大利亚的科研和教育体系相对完备,对于我国开展有组织科研、提升科研创新能力具有参考作用。本文以墨尔本大学为例,系统阐述其科研体系中的科研管理、资源配置和科研拨款,以及人力资源和科研数据的共享和利用、科研评估等基本情况。介绍支撑高水平科研的生力军——食品科学方向的研究生培养分类及课程设置现状与相应的导师队伍,分析其“通才化”和“国际化”的人才培养特色,为我国高校和相关机构在科研体系和人才培养等两个层面的创新与融合提供参考。

中国棉花产业链安全评价与对策研究

本文选取2008—2021年棉花产业链相关数据,采用层次分析法和熵权法构建了我国棉花产业链安全评价指标体系,对棉花产业链的安全进行定量评价和分析。结果显示,中国棉花产业链总体处于基本安全状态,产业链韧性较低。这主要是由产业链缺乏竞争力、产业链的控制力较弱、产业链成长性缓慢、产业链的发展环境不佳所造成的。若要保障我国棉花产业链的安全必须对影响其安全性的主要指标进行优化,通过出台相关政策来控制棉花价格,为棉花产业的发展提供更好的政策环境。提升我国棉花产业链的竞争力,打造优质国产棉,发展多元化市场,降低依赖性风险。

构建中国特色的比较职业教育研究话语体系

构建中国特色的比较职业教育研究话语体系,是新时期中国比较职业教育学科建设的重要使命。中国特色比较职业教育研究话语体系的构建,需要紧扣比较职业教育研究的立场前提、分析框架和价值旨归三大基本问题,以及与之相联系的关键环节。在立场前提方面,比较职业教育研究长期受西方中心主义立场影响,导致缺乏本土意识,要重申中国立场,立足于职业教育本土化实践来提出研究问题,将解决本土问题作为比较研究的重要目标,积极应用指向理论创新的因果推论研究范式。在分析框架方面,传统民族国家比较职业教育研究分析框架存在一定局限性,而中国天下体系分析框架具有运用整体思维、无外思维和关系思维的比较优势。在价值旨归方面,比较职业教育研究存在将现代化等同于西方化的认识误区,要将构建国际职业教育发展命运共同体作为比较职业教育研究的新使命,突破职业教育异文化与本文化的二元认识分野,揭示不同国家职业教育制度背后蕴含的关于美好社会的文化想象。

Recommender System for Information Retrieval Using Natural Language Querying Interface Based in Bibliographic Research for Naïve Users

With the increasing of data on the internet, data analysis has become inescapable to gain time and efficiency, especially in bibliographic information retrieval systems. We can estimate the number of actual scientific journals points to around 40,000 with about four million articles published each year. Machine learning and deep learning applied to recommender systems had become unavoidable whether in industry or in research. In this current, we propose an optimized interface for bibliographic information retrieval as a running example, which allows different kind of researchers to find their needs following some relevant criteria through natural language understanding. Papers indexed in Web of Science and Scopus are in high demand. Natural language including text and linguistic-based techniques, such as tokenization, named entity recognition, syntactic and semantic analysis, are used to express natural language queries. Our Interface uses association rules to find more related papers for recommendation. Spanning trees are challenged to optimize the search process of the system.

精准施策 盘活大型科研仪器资源助力科技创新

通过对智能信息技术、高等教育数字化、培养方案以及高校教务管理信息系统中本科人才培养方案数字化相关概念的阐述,分析高校本科人才培养方案数字化的研究现状,指出构建以培养方案为核心的教务管理信息系统工作流程的必要性。探讨高校本科人才培养方案数字化的方法与路径,提出智能信息技术赋能高校本科人才培养方案数字化的对策。

从自主到自觉:高等教育研究的知识价值转向

人文社会科学的研究旨在形成价值观念并塑造认知框架。作为国家创新实力的关键组成部分,构建自主的社会科学知识体系对于把握社会发展趋势,形成针对本土社会问题的独特解释方式至关重要。近年来我国提出要构建社会科学自主知识体系,原因是对知识价值的控制来自人类的掌控本能;发达国家的社会科学理论在解释我国的社会现象时可能不再适用。因此,针对我国高等教育发展的独特性,我们需要建立专门的分析框架,并形成有效的理论解释体系。自主知识体系的建立需要基于我国高等教育现代化的学理性与实践性叙事展开,所要达到的最终境界是实现理论自觉,即形成我国高等教育发展理论的自主意识。我们需要通过反思性实践,重新设定高等教育研究的问题来源。推动学术研究集中于本土问题并走向“自觉性”应该成为构建中国特色高等教育自主知识体系的价值起点。

揭榜挂帅制:一场科研组织模式的变革——基于新制度经济学的视角

目前揭榜挂帅制已得到广泛应用,成为我国突破关键核心技术的重要科研组织模式。本文基于新制度经济学的视角,构建制度环境、制度获利、制度创设的理论分析框架,考察由传统科研组织模式向揭榜挂帅制变迁的运行机理。基于动力的角度分析发现,揭榜挂帅制产生具有必然的逻辑:一方面国际科技竞争、新的科技革命以及高质量发展等新制度环境的变化是推动揭榜挂帅制产生的外在动力;另一方面科技发展战略的更新、规模经济的发挥、交易成本的节约等因素催生新的获利机会和潜在利润,成为驱使揭榜挂帅制产生的内在动力。基于演变轨迹的角度分析发现,揭榜挂帅制产生具有多重路径:一方面揭榜挂帅制兼具了内生性路径和外生性路径的统一过程,另一方面揭榜挂帅制也是强制性制度变迁和诱致性制度变迁的有机结合。