Event-Triggered Finite-Time H∞ Filtering for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Stochastic Systems

This paper addresses the problem of event-triggered finite-time H∞ filter design for a class of discrete-time nonlinear stochastic systems with exogenous disturbances. The stochastic Lyapunov-Krasoviskii functional method is adopted to design a filter such that the filtering error system is stochastic finite-time stable (SFTS) and preserves a prescribed performance level according to the pre-defined event-triggered criteria. Based on stochastic differential equations theory, some sufficient conditions for the existence of H∞ filter are obtained for the suggested system by employing linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, the desired H∞ filter gain matrices can be expressed in an explicit form.

Delay Trigger in the Application of Network Testing System

The researchers who study the local area network( LAN) eXtension for instrumentation( LXI) instrument are pursuing instrument's high-precision synchronization. In the paper,three synchronization modes were discussed which were clock synchronization, trigger synchronization, and response synchronization. Synchronous process between LXI instruments was analyzed and each time factor affecting the synchronization accuracy was discussed. On the basis of the analysis,it can be found that delay trigger plays an important role in the network testing system's synchronization. Delay trigger can produce an additional time interval to correct the difference of each LXI instrument's response time. Then,a method to realize the delay trigger was introduced. Delay time can be adjustable according to the actual demand. Finally,synchronization accuracy of network testing system can reach nanoseconds.

Self-triggered Consensus Control for Linear Multi-agent Systems With Input Saturation

In this paper, we study the consensus problem for a class of linear multi-agent systems(MASs) with consideration of input saturation under the self-triggered mechanism. In the context of discrete-time systems, a self-triggered strategy is developed to determine the time interval between the adjacent triggers. The triggering condition is designed by using the current sampled consensus error. Furthermore, the consensus control protocol is designed by means of a state feedback approach. It is shown that the considered multi-agent systems can reach consensus with the presented algorithm. Some sufficient conditions are proposed in the form of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) to show the positively invariant property of the domain of attraction(DOA). Moreover, some sufficient conditions of controller synthesis are provided to enlarge the volume of the DOA and obtain the control gain matrix. A numerical example is simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis results.

PC synchronization of a class of chaotic systems via event-triggered control

The PC synchronization of a class of chaotic systems is investigated in this paper. The drive system is assumed to have only one state variable available. By constructing proper observers, some novel criteria for PC synchronization are proposed via event-triggered control scheme. The Lii system and Chen system are taken as examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Clock synchronization design and evaluation for trigger-less data acquisition system

For modern particle physics experiments,trigger-less data acquisition(DAQ) system has been put into practice because of the need of reaction multiplicity and trigger flexibility.In such new DAQ systems,global synchronized clock plays an important role because it affects the granularity of time slice and precision of reference clock.In this paper,a novel synchronized clock distribution method is proposed.With the help of modulation technique,master clock module distributes system clock to each slave module.To synchronize slave clocks,the propagation delay is adjusted and the clock phase is aligned by an FPGA chip automatically.Furthermore,an ADCbased method is proposed to evaluate the performance of multi-module clock synchronization simultaneously.The experiments of a prototype system show that slave clocks can be synchronized less than 100 ps over 150 m range.The proposed method is simple and flexible,and it can be used in trigger-less DAQ system and other applications of clock distribution preciously.

Hybrid-triggered consensus for multi-agent systems with time-delays,uncertain switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks

We propose a new approach to discuss the consensus problem of multi-agent systems with time-varying delayed control inputs, switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks under hybrid-triggered mechanism.A Bernoulli variable is used to describe the hybrid-triggered scheme, which is introduced to alleviate the burden of the network.The mathematical model of the closed-loop control system is established by taking the influences of time-varying delayed control inputs,switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks into account under the hybrid-triggered scheme.A theorem as the main result is given to make the system consistent based on the theory of Lyapunov stability and linear matrix inequality.Markov jumps with uncertain rates of transitions are applied to describe the switch of topologies.Finally, a simulation example demonstrates the feasibility of the theory in this paper.

State-dependent event-triggered control of multi-agent systems

Event-triggered control has been recent/y proposed as an effective strategy for the consensus of multi-agent systems. We present an improved distributed event-triggered control scheme that remedies a shortcoming of some previous event- triggered control schemes in the literature. This improved distributed event-triggered method has no need for continuously monitoring each agent＇ neighbors. Moreover, each agent in the multi-agent systems will not exhibit the Zeno behavior. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed consensus control.

Decentralized Event-Triggered Average Consensus for Multi-Agent Systems in CPSs with Communication Constraints

The paper investigates decentralized event-triggered average consensus problem for multi-agent systems in cyberphysical systems (CPSs) with communication constraints. To reduce communication burden and improve the communication efficiency of multi-agent systems in CPSs, event-trigger is distributed at subsystem/agent level. A multi-agent system is then modeled as a reduced dimension hybrid system by taking into account decentralized event-triggered mechanism, communication delays and data dropouts within one framework. Some sufficient conditions for average consensus of each agent and an upper bound of communication delay and maximal allowable number of successive data dropouts (MANSD) are obtained, which can conveniently provide the relationship between the triggering parameters, communication constraints and the system stability. Specially, the quantitative relationship between the triggering parameters, MANSD and the system stability is derived. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Testing of Lightning Protective System of a Residential Structure： Comparison of Data Obtained in Rocket-triggered Lightning and Current Surge Generator Experiments

We present a comparison of data obtained during testing of lightning protective system of a residential structure in rocket-triggered lightning experiment at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing(ICLRT)at Camp Blanding,Florida,and current surge generator experiment at Rzeszow University of Technology in Poland.Three different configurations of LPS were tested in Poland with the dc grounding resistances of the entire system 4.09 Ω(LPS 1a),1.65 Ω(LPS 1b),and 2.88 Ω(LPS 2).For LPS 1a with three ground rods the value of the peak current entering the electrical circuit neutral was about 56% of the injected current peak,and for LPS 1b with two additional ground rods and two 5 m long buried horizontal conductors it was about 16%.For LPS 2 with five ground rods interconnected by a buried loop conductor this ratio was 21%.The current waveshapes in the ground rods differed from the injected current waveshapes and the current waveshapes in other parts of the test system,especially,for poorer-grounding LPS 1a.The surge-generator results are consistent with those of triggered-lightning experiments at Camp Blanding,Florida(DeCarlo et al.,2008 [2]).

Distributed event-triggered consensus tracking of second-order multi-agent systems with a virtual leader

This paper investigates the consensus tracking problems of second-order multi-agent systems with a virtual leader via event-triggered control. A novel distributed event-triggered transmission scheme is proposed, which is intermittently examined at constant sampling instants. Only partial neighbor information and local measurements are required for event detection. Then the corresponding event-triggered consensus tracking protocol is presented to guarantee second-order multi-agent systems to achieve consensus tracking. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Time-varying formation for general linear multi-agent systems via distributed event-triggered control under switching topologies

This paper investigates the time-varying formation problem for general linear multi-agent systems using distributed event-triggered control strategy.Different from the previous works,to achieve the desired time-varying formation,a distributed control scheme is designed in an event-triggered way,in which for each agent the controller is triggered only at its own event times.The interaction topology among agents is assumed to be switching.The common Lyapunov function as well as Riccati inequality is applied to solve the time-varying formation problem.Moreover,the Zeno behavior of triggering time sequences can be excluded for each agent.Finally,a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

基于动态事件触发的微电网分布式协调控制策略

在孤岛交流微电网电压和频率的协调控制中,存在着依赖周期通信、通信负担大等问题.为此,提出了一种基于动态事件触发的分布式协调控制策略,在微电网中运用多智能体系统理论,将频率和电压作为追踪同步目标.通过评估事件触发条件,从根本上摆脱了分布式电源DGs的连续通信和Zeno行为.并引入与系统偏差和反馈有关的动态变量,合理调整触发阈值和反馈增益.此方案提高了通信效率,降低了控制更新频率,保持了良好的控制性能.并且在Matlab/Simulink环境中验证了所设计控制策略的正确性和有效性.

基于事件触发的汽车主动悬架振动控制器设计

为提升车辆的行驶平稳性和安全性,针对具有输入死区和饱和特性的汽车主动悬架系统,设计一种基于事件触发(Event Trigger,ET)和长短期记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络的智能振动控制器。在构建四分之一车辆主动悬架模型基础上,提出一种高效的ET控制器,能够有效缓解通信紧张问题和避免控制器固有的芝诺现象,提高控制器的稳定性和可靠性。为了进一步增强控制器的智能性和自适应性引入了LSTM神经网络,利用径向基函数神经网络来模拟和生成不同条件下的响应数据实现LSTM神经网络的训练,以精确预测并补偿作动器的死区和饱和影响,进而使主动悬架系统的垂直加速度趋近于0 m/s^(2),从而极大地提升了乘坐舒适性。通过数值仿真验证所设计控制器的适用性和有效性。研究结果表明,所设计的控制器在多种工况下能够有效提高主动悬架系统的动态性能。

事件触发机制下配电网三相动态状态估计

随着高级量测体系的发展和智能电表的广泛应用,为配电网三相状态估计提供了丰富的终端量测信息。与此同时,大量的智能电表数据给配电网通信系统提出了更高的通信带宽和实时存储要求。为了缓解量测拥堵和时延现象,文中引入事件触发机制代替传统量测数据的周期性采样,在保证有效量测信息及时上传的同时减少通信成本和投资。在此基础上,针对配电网实时状态感知问题,提出了基于鲁棒集合卡尔曼滤波的配电网三相动态状态估计方法,在正常运行场景下,能够保持与无偏估计加权最小二乘法相近的估计精度;当含有坏数据时,该方法也拥有较强的鲁棒性。

Function Observer Based Event-triggered Control for Linear Systems with Guaranteed L_∞-Gain

This paper is devoted to event-triggered control design for linear systems based on function observer. More specifically, the main purpose is to design event-triggered mechanisms that trigger transmissions when the difference between the current value of the system and its previously transmitted value which includes the plant output or the function observer output exceeds an additional threshold. For such an eventtriggered mechanism, we derive conditions in terms of matrix inequality to guarantee the stability as well as longer inter-event time. We propose two approaches to investigate the closed-loop model, namely, reformulating the event-triggered control system as a hybrid system and interpreting the event-induced error as exogenous disturbance. Furthermore, the minimum inter-event time is guaranteed to be strictly positive. An example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretic results. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

门槛阈值自匹配的车载呼救系统设计

为了提高车辆碰撞自动呼救系统(Automatic Crash Notification System,ACNS)的抗干扰能力和事故信息的准确性,提出了一种具有自适应门槛阈值的ACNS触发算法。基于门槛阈值与路面国际平整度指数之间的关联模型,设计ACNS触发算法,并实现ACNS门槛阈值随路面状况和车速的动态匹配;基于STM32F103ZET6微控制器,利用加速度信号采集模块、定位模块和通信模块等模块设计一种车辆事故自动呼救系统终端;利用道路实车试验和触发测试试验测试系统性能;结果表明:ACNS终端能够实现门槛阈值根据不同路面状况的动态匹配,并对相关信息进行实时处理及发送呼救信息。

分布式事件触发下的多智能体系统二分一致性

研究了基于分布式事件触发的多智能体控制系统中的二分一致性问题,设计了一种合作和竞争并存拓扑结构的一致性控制协议,使多智能体系统收敛于二模相同且符号不同的状态.在图论与矩阵论的基础上,将多智能体系统的二分一致性问题转化为闭环误差系统的稳定性问题,通过建立一个合适的Lyapunov函数,验证了闭环误差系统渐进稳定,且针对每个智能体提出了事件触发条件,以减少控制更新频率与通信资源的损耗,同时证明每个智能体相邻触发时间间隔都有严格的正下界,即避免了Zeno现象,最后利用仿真实例验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性.

感知系统触发条件穿透率评估方法研究

预期功能安全问题制约着自动驾驶汽车的落地。自动驾驶感知系统面临的各种极端行驶环境等极易引起预期功能安全问题。因此,须按照现有预期功能安全标准,在安全分析阶段识别并评估种类多且数量大的触发条件,筛选高价值触发条件为后续测试验证提供测试场景输入。本文中首先基于对触发条件在自动驾驶系统中的风险演化过程的分析,提出一套包括暴露率、穿透率和危害率的三维感知系统触发条件评估体系。随后,基于层次分析法构建了触发条件穿透率量化评估方法。最后,针对某量产车型的融合感知系统分析并选取15个触发条件,构建测试用例并开展封闭场地测试,评估上述触发条件的穿透率。最终经计算筛选得到3个高风险触发条件,验证了触发条件穿透率量化评估方法的可行性。

基于事件触发的高阶切换非线性系统的有限时间动态面跟踪控制

针对一类高阶切换非线性系统,研究了基于事件触发的自适应跟踪控制问题.首先,利用模糊逻辑系统近似系统中的不确定非线性函数.通过引入有限时间收敛的一阶滤波器,解决了由虚拟控制器重复求导所导致的计算复杂度问题.利用backstepping控制技术和公共李雅普诺夫函数方法,提出了一种自适应模糊有限时间动态面控制算法.所提出的控制方案可以保证闭环系统的所有信号在有限时间内实现有界并且跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到原点的一个小邻域内.最后,数值例子说明了所提出控制策略的有效性.

基于动态事件触发通信协议的多智能体系统自适应可靠控制

针对多智能体系统中邻居节点间通信资源受限的情况,研究基于动态事件触发通信协议的多智能体系统自适应可靠一致性控制问题.首先,设计一种基于自适应参数估计技术的容错控制策略,来应对未知执行器故障.其次,提出一种新型动态事件触发函数,通过增加具有自适应调节能力的动态变量来延长事件触发间隔.在此基础上,证明在智能体之间非连续通信的情况下,所提方法仅依靠智能体与邻居在触发时刻的交互信息就可以确保一致性误差的收敛.此外,从理论上说明智能体间的事件触发通信不存在芝诺现象.最后,针对无人船编队系统开展仿真,结果能够说明所提自适应事件触发可靠控制方法的有效性.