A multicenter hospital-based diagnosis study of automated breast ultrasound system in detecting breast cancer among Chinese women

Objective： The automated breast ultrasound system（ABUS） is a potential method for breast cancer detection;however, its diagnostic performance remains unclear. We conducted a hospital-based multicenter diagnostic study to evaluate the clinical performance of the ABUS for breast cancer detection by comparing it to handheld ultrasound（HHUS） and mammography（MG）.Methods： Eligible participants underwent HHUS and ABUS testing; women aged 40–69 years additionally underwent MG. Images were interpreted using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System（BI-RADS）.Women in the BI-RADS categories 1–2 were considered negative. Women classified as BI-RADS 3 underwent magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish true-and false-negative results. Core aspiration or surgical biopsy was performed in women classified as BI-RADS 4–5, followed by a pathological diagnosis. Kappa values and agreement rates were calculated between ABUS, HHUS and MG.Results： A total of 1,973 women were included in the final analysis. Of these, 1,353（68.6%） and 620（31.4%）were classified as BI-RADS categories 1–3 and 4–5, respectively. In the older age group, the agreement rate and Kappa value between the ABUS and HHUS were 94.0% and 0.860（P〈0.001）, respectively; they were 89.2% and0.735（P〈0.001） between the ABUS and MG, respectively. Regarding consistency between imaging and pathology results, 78.6% of women classified as BI-RADS 4–5 based on the ABUS were diagnosed with precancerous lesions or cancer; which was 7.2% higher than that of women based on HHUS. For BI-RADS 1–2, the false-negative rates of the ABUS and HHUS were almost identical and were much lower than those of MG.Conclusions： We observed a good diagnostic reliability for the ABUS. Considering its performance for breast cancer detection in women with high-density breasts and its lower operator dependence, the ABUS is a promising option for breast cancer detection in China.

Reducing risk of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using ultrasound guided single needle pass

Delayed liver laceration following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a serious and likely underdiagnosed complication. It is however an important complication following TIPS, which remains one of the most technically challenging interventional procedures performed. In addition to laceration, a number of complications regarding bleeding and perforation are well described following TIPS procedures. We feel the adoption of techniques such as ours and that of other authors described in the literature using an ultrasoundguided percutaneous transhepatic approach with a small caliber needle provides a safer and less traumatic procedure and should reduce complications of bleeding and almost completely eliminate the risk of liver laceration. Our procedure was successfully performed under conscious sedation rather than general anaesthesia further reducing the overall procedural risk to the patient.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound improved performance of breast imaging reporting and data system evaluation of critical breast lesions

AIM: To determine whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) can improve the precision of breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) categorization. METHODS: A total of 230 patients with 235 solid breast lesions classified as BI-RADS 4 on conventional ultrasound were evaluated. CEUS was performed within one week before core needle biopsy or surgical resection and a revised BI-RADS classification was assigned based on 10 CEUS imaging characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was then conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CEUS-based BI-RADS assignment with pathological examination as reference criteria. RESULTS: The CEUS-based BI-RADS evaluation classified 116/235(49.36%) lesions into category 3, 20(8.51%), 13(5.53%) and 12(5.11%) lesions into categories 4A, 4B and 4C, respectively, and 74(31.49%) into category 5. Selecting CEUS-based BI-RADS category 4A as an appropriate cut-off gave sensitivity and specificity values of 85.4% and 87.8%, respectively, for the diagnosisof malignant disease. The cancer-to-biopsy yield was 73.11% with CEUS-based BI-RADS 4A selected as the biopsy threshold compared with 40.85% otherwise, while the biopsy rate was only 42.13% compared with 100% otherwise. Overall, only 4.68% of invasive cancers were misdiagnosed.CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that evaluation of BI-RADS 4 breast lesions with CEUS results in reduced biopsy rates and increased cancer-to-biopsy yields.

Performance of Cardiovascular Risk Equations versus Vascular Ultrasound in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Black African Population

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cardiovascular events are the first cause of death in lupus after five years duration. Prevention of cardiovascular events needs a good evaluation of the risk. In this work, we tried to evaluate the performance of conventional and adjusted forms of cardiovascular risk equations to predict high risk in lupus patients, in comparison with carotid ultrasound. Method: We realized a cross-sectional study during the period from 24 August 2017 to 22 November 2018. Consenting patient meeting the 1997 American college of Rheumatology criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus were recruited. The clinical characteristics and the treatment data were informed. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were also investigated, and the assessment of cardiovascular risk was performed by Framingham and SCORE equations and their modified forms (multiplication by a factor of 1.5). Carotid ultrasound was used to detect atherosclerosis by measuring intima media thickness and searching for carotid plaques. In last, we compared cardiovascular risk levels by equations to results of carotid ultrasound. Statistical analysis and data collection were performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: Forty-nine patients with a sex ratio of 0.13 and a mean age of 33.5 (±11.3) years were enrolled. More than half of patients had dyslipidemia. More than 80% of the population were at low cardiovascular risk according to the equations. However, 16% of cases had carotid atherosclerosis. Between 50% and 100% of patients having atherosclerosis were considered at low or moderate risk by equations. The best sensitivity to predict cardiovascular risk was given by modified Framingham (50%). Conclusion: In our study, conventional and modified risk equations had a bad performance to predict cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Design and Experiments of Ultrasound Image-Guided Multi-DOF Robot System for Brachytherapy

To implant radioactive seeds through a needle precisely and safely, a novel multi-DOF surgical robotic system is presented in this paper for percutaneous prostate intervention through the patient’s perineum under real-time ultrasound image guidance. The proposed robot, which is designed with 9-DOF, consists of a 3-DOF automatic location platform for position adjustment, 2-DOF for automatic ultrasonic probe adjustment mounted with electromagnetic trackers, and 4-DOF for manually adjusting the guided template. Meanwhile, a new registration method based on the quaternion algorithm and least square method is developed, and the needle insertion is performed under the real-time guidance of a navigation system. Furthermore, the robot system has undergone some preliminary experiments with a laser tracker to evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of the robot system. The location error of the puncture needle tip can be controlled under 0.7 mm in air for the whole robotic system. The acquired results endorse the precision of the robot system for prostate seed implantation brachytherapy. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Predictive model for contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the breast: Is it feasible in malignant risk assessment of breast imaging reporting and data system 4 lesions?

AIM: To build and evaluate predictive models for contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) of the breast to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. METHODS: A total of 235 breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) 4 solid breast lesions were imaged via CEUS before core needle biopsy or surgical resection. CEUS results were analyzed on 10 enhancing patterns to evaluate diagnostic performance of three benign and three malignant CEUS models, with pathological results used as the gold standard. A logistic regression model was developed basing on the CEUS results, and then evaluated with receiver operating curve(ROC). RESULTS: Except in cases of enhanced homogeneity, the rest of the 9 enhancement appearances were statistically significant(P < 0.05). These 9 enhancement patterns were selected in the final step of the logistic regression analysis, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 84.4% and 82.7%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve of 0.911. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the malignant vs benign CEUS models were 84.38%, 87.77%, 86.38% and 86.46%, 81.29% and 83.40%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The breast CEUS models can predict risk of malignant breast lesions more accurately, decrease false-positive biopsy, and provide accurate BIRADS classification.

多种超声影像技术在乳腺癌诊断中的研究进展

乳腺癌是我国女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,常规超声是乳腺癌筛查常用的影像检查方法。弹性成像、超声造影、自动乳腺超声成像系统、S-detect技术及超声引导下穿刺活检等新技术正在飞速发展并逐渐应用于临床,为乳腺癌的诊断提供了更有价值的信息。本文就多种超声影像技术诊断乳腺癌的临床应用进展进行综述。

Lax Facial Skin Treated with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Devices: Efficacy and Safety Evaluations

Background: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been introduced to improve skin laxity in recent years. However, very few studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of HIFU in Chinese populations. Methods: In the study, 30 Chinese participants underwent HIFU (Bolida, Inc., Changsha, China) rejuvenation between February 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. There were three different focal depths used depending on the area where shots were captured (4.5 mm, 4 MHz;3 mm, 7 MHz;1.5 mm, 7 MHz). After 3 months and 6 months of treatment, efficacy and safety were assessed by quantitative analysis. Results: Patients were satisfied with the clinical effects of HIFU rejuvenation after one session. In terms of effectiveness, HIFU was most successful in areas around the jawline, cheek, and perioral. In four cases, erythema was observed, in two cases, swollen gums were seen, but all of these effects were transient and mild. Conclusion: Bolida system can be safe and effective for facial tightening, additionally, they are most effective for jawline, cheek, and perioral improvements. In clinical practice, the Bolida system can be recommended as a reliable treatment option. .

高频超声波系统智能控制技术

为改善高频超声波系统由谐振频率跟踪性能不足导致的低功率传输问题,对系统自适应处理能力加以改进。以一参数已知的超声换能器作为研究对象,围绕其搭建实验平台,建立以超声换能器工作频率、工作电流有效值为输入参数,超声驱动信号频率为输出参数的预测控制模型并嵌入单片机中,与直接数字频率合成器元件共同组成控制核心,实时预测控制供能端驱动信号频率,跟踪输出端谐振频率。实验结果显示,该技术可以有效控制超声驱动信号频率且系统跟踪调谐精度的相对误差在0.82%以内,使得输出功率误差最大为6.51%,平均控制时长为0.96 s,显著提高系统频率跟踪效果。同时,该实验方法提供了一种可以有效建立高频超声波系统预测控制模型的参考,具有较强的适用性。

以肺部超声为应用的多学科诊疗体系在高原性肺水肿诊疗中的价值

目的探索以肺部超声为应用的多学科诊疗体系在高原性肺水肿诊疗中的价值。方法选取2018—2022年在甘孜州稻城县人民医院急诊科收治的200例疑似高原性肺水肿患者为研究对象,将其中确诊的115例患者按照平衡序贯法随机分为试验组(采用以肺部超声为应用的多学科诊疗体系,n=56)和对照组(采用常规诊疗方式,n=59),比较两组的诊疗效果。结果在早期诊断高原性肺水肿中,肺部超声的灵敏度、正确指数及阴性预测值均高于X线检查结果(P<0.05),而与CT检查结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组的诊疗时效性、抗生素使用率、心衰发生率、无创呼吸机上机率、康复期恢复等方面优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论以肺部超声为应用的多学科诊疗体系在高原性肺水肿早期诊断中具有较高的灵敏度、正确指数及阴性预测值,可促进患者愈后及康复。

超声引导复合式冷热消融系统治疗Hepa1-6瘤鼠的疗效及免疫效应

目的探讨超声引导复合式冷热消融系统治疗Hepa1-6瘤鼠的疗效及免疫效应。方法选取健康C57BL/6J小鼠建立肝癌Hepa1-6小鼠移植瘤模型。将40只Hepa1-6荷瘤小鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、假手术组、外科手术组及复合式冷热消融治疗组,10只/组。分别于治疗前及治疗后1、2、3、4周,采用超声评估各治疗组荷瘤小鼠皮下肿瘤体积变化,采用血流式细胞术检测检查各组小鼠外周血CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞数百分比。于治疗2周后随机处死各治疗组小鼠各3只,并对治疗后病灶行HE染色病理检查及免疫组化检测组织CD4+、CD8+细胞光密度值。结果空白对照组及假手术组各时间点的肿瘤组织逐渐增大,但两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与空白对照组及假手术组相比,复合式冷热消融组肿瘤体积在治疗后各时间点肿瘤逐渐缩小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复合式冷热消融治疗组术后与术前比较,术后各时间点血清CD4+T、CD8+T细胞水平均升高,明显高于空白对照组、假手术组、外科手术组(P<0.05)。冷冻治疗组血清CD4+T、CD8+T细胞水平在治疗后3周出现峰值,随后出现下降。与对照组及假手术组相比,冷冻治疗组在治疗后2周肿瘤组织CD4+、CD8+细胞明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导复合式冷热消融系统治疗Hepa1-6瘤鼠具有很好的治疗疗效,同时还能够激活免疫系统,增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫效应。

超声监测定位腋窝淋巴结对乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗疗效的预测研究

目的:联合超声和腋窝转移定位淋巴结,建立风险评估模型,预测临床淋巴结阳性(clinically LN-positive,cN+)乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗(neoadjuvant systemic therapy,NST)后腋窝病理完全缓解(pathologic complete response,pCR)的情况。方法:选取88例患者按7∶3的比例随机分配到测试组或验证组。所有患者于NST前,选取超声图像上最可疑且由病理活检证实为转移的淋巴结,在超声引导下置入1枚定位钛夹。对测试组进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,根据多因素分析结果建立风险评分模型。结果:腋窝pCR率为48%(42/88)。以NST前激素受体状态、超声提示异常淋巴结的分级和分级的变化、定位淋巴结皮质厚度变化为独立因素,建立危险评分模型。在-13~-9分和1~10分时,测试组腋窝pCR率分别为100%和0。测试组和验证组的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.931(95%CI=0.868~0.994)和0.762(95%CI=0.576~0.947)。结论:基于超声和定位淋巴结的风险评分模型准确预测了cN+的乳腺癌患者NST后的腋窝淋巴结状态。危险评分-13~-9时腋窝淋巴结转移假阴性率为0%,这部分患者能够避免腋窝淋巴结清扫及一系列并发症。

卵巢-附件超声报告和数据系统分类联合超声图像特征对卵巢附件良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨卵巢-附件超声报告和数据系统(O-RADS)分类联合超声图像特征对卵巢附件良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法 选取O-RADS分类为3~5类的140例卵巢附件肿块患者,所有患者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查。以病理检查结果为金标准,绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析O-RADS分类、多项超声图像特征单独及联合检查对卵巢附件恶性肿块的诊断价值。结果 病理检查结果显示,140例患者中共147个卵巢附件肿块,恶性56个(包括交界性肿瘤),良性91个;O-RADS分类3类46个,4类61个,5类40个。O-RADS分类联合肿块实性部分最大径、血流评分、肿块形态诊断卵巢附件恶性肿块的AUC为0.959,高于各指标单独检查的0.738、0.882、0.913、0.894。结论 在O-RADS分类定性诊断卵巢附件肿块的基础上,结合肿块实性部分最大径线、血流评分、肿块形态等彩色多普勒超声图像特征可进一步提高卵巢附件良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断效能。

2013年版超声BI-RADS出版10年:回顾与展望

自2013年美国放射学会出版第二版乳腺影像报告和数据系统(Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System,BI-RADS)后,乳腺超声的临床实践与科学研究均从中获益。本文总结了2013年版超声BI-RADS出版这10年间,乳腺超声影像技术临床应用与革新、存在的问题与面临的挑战及未来的发展机遇,以期为临床诊治、指南推广与应用提供帮助。

基于环形阵列的医学超声成像系统设计

针对传统手持式医学超声扫描成像视野狭窄、非标准化等问题,设计并实现了一套基于环形阵列的超声成像系统,包括512阵元超声环形阵列、256/1024通道超声采集电路、基于PCIe总线的数据传输模块以及相应的采集控制和快速成像软件。多通道采集电路由8个32/128超声收发控制模块组成,可控制512个环阵阵元在12 s内完成全矩阵数据采集和高速传输,实测数据传输效率达1.2 Gb/s。系统具备0.16~15 MHz的频带宽度,以及12.5~100 MHz 4档可调的A/D采样率,有利于适配更广泛的临床和实验需要。采集控制软件可设置多模式超声数据采集,实现快速成像监测和全矩阵数据存储,用于后续的图像精细重建。仿组织体模和活体成像实验表明,系统成像范围大于10 cm×10 cm,能够分辨1 mm的异常,可准确重建生物组织中脂肪、肌肉、骨组织等界面,验证了该系统可以实现大视野的标准化医学超声影像。

PAS产前超声分级系统及子宫动脉超声参数在凶险性前置胎盘患者术前评估中的价值

目的评估胎盘植入性疾病(PAS)产前超声分级系统及子宫动脉超声参数在凶险性前置胎盘患者术前评估中的用价值。方法选取2020年2月—2022年11月三亚市妇幼保健院收治的92例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为研究对象,根据PAS产前超声分级将患者分为≤PAS-4组(1~4级)和>PAS-4组(5、6级),其中≤PAS-4组患者52例,>PAS-4组患者40例。比较两组患者一般临床资料、超声指标特征,采用多因素一般Logistic回归模型分析其在凶险性前置胎盘患者术前评估中的应用价值。结果≤PAS-4组既往剖宫产次数少于>PAS-4组,完全性凶险型比例低于>PAS-4组,血流搏动指数(PI)、血液流动阻力(RI)高于>PAS-4组(P<0.05)。≤PAS-4组子宫膀胱间高度血管化、胎盘后高度血管化、局部组织外生、胎盘陷窝支流血管、胎盘增厚、宫颈膨大、胎盘后间隙消失比例低于>PAS-4组(P<0.05)。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示:PI高[O^R=0.961(95%CI:0.848,0.983)]、RI高[O^R=0.867(95%CI:0.839,0.923)]、既往剖宫产次数多[O^R=4.568(95%CI:2.012,7.609)]均是凶险性前置胎盘患者PAS产前超声分级>4级的影响因素(P<0.05)。联合预测凶险性前置胎盘患者PAS产前超声分级>4级的曲线下面积最高,为0.929(95%CI:0.881,0.977),其次为既往剖宫产次数;RI敏感性最高,为0.910(95%CI:0.711,0.953),其次为PI;联合预测特异性最高,为0.956(95%CI:0.727,0.975),其次为既往剖宫产次数。结论PI、RI、既往剖宫产次数指标在术前对凶险性前置胎盘PAS 4级以上患者有较好的预测价值,为术前制订手术方案提供了可靠的依据,可降低此类患者的手术并发症风险。

C-TIRADS与K-TIRADS对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的对比分析

目的:对比分析中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)和韩国TIRADS(K-TIRADS)两种甲状腺影像报告与数据系统对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月—2023年3月在青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院经组织病理学证实的582个甲状腺结节的超声图像。分别按照C-TIRADS、K-TIRADS标准进行分类,以病理结果作为金标准,分析两种方法的诊断效能。结果:所得到的两种方法各分层的甲状腺结节的实际恶性率与指南所推荐的恶性率一致。C-TIRADS与K-TIRADS的AUC面积分别为0.899、0.897,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C-TIRADS最佳截断值为4B类,K-TIRADS最佳截断值为5类。两者的灵敏度、特异度分别为0.925、0.872;0.818、0.889。结论:C-TIRADS与K-TIRADS对甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断均具有较高的价值,诊断效能相当,C-TIRADS更适合中国国情。

超声造影联合年龄在乳腺BI-RADS 4类结节再分类中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影联合年龄在乳腺影像学报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)4类结节再分类中的应用价值。方法 收集成都市第三人民医院常规超声分类为BI-RADS 4类,且经过超声造影评分并有病理结果的116个乳腺结节患者的临床资料。以病理诊断为金标准,构建受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算超声造影评分及年龄诊断乳腺良恶性结节的最佳截断值,并分析其诊断价值。利用超声造影评分及年龄的最佳截断值,对116个BI-RADS 4类结节重新进行分类调整。结果 通过绘制ROC曲线得到超声造影评分的最佳截断值为3.5分,年龄的最佳截断值为50.5岁。超声造影评分的ROC曲线下面积为0.887,其诊断乳腺结节良恶性的敏感性及特异性分别为80.8%、96.7%;年龄的ROC曲线下面积为0.793,其诊断乳腺结节良恶性的敏感性及特异性分别为73.1%、85.6%。BI-RADS 4类结节经超声造影评分联合年龄临界值重新调整后,59个结节降为3类,病理结果均为良性;11个结节升为4c类,病理结果均为恶性。结论 超声造影评分联合年龄对BI-RADS 4类结节进行重新分类后可有效提高乳腺结节诊断的准确性,能为临床诊疗提供参考。

医用诊断超声质量控制研究现状

随着医学技术革新,医用超声的性能、质量在不断提升和完善,已成为临床诊疗的常规设备,因此,通过超声质量控制保障超声临床诊疗至关重要。本文从医用超声质量控制现状、内容、标准规范及管理体系模式等角度进行综述,探讨当前超声质量控制现状,以期为各级医疗机构超声设备质量控制工作的开展提供借鉴与参考,切实保障临床诊疗工作。

基于机器视觉的汽车辅助规避系统设计研究

研究了一种基于机器视觉及GPS处理的汽车辅助规避系统,系统以HC-SR04超声波传感器为数据采集模块,STC89C52单片机为处理模块,LCD1602液晶显示器为显示模块,LED和蜂鸣器等构成声光预警模块,以及GPS通信模块,能够有效检测车辆前方的障碍物,及时给驾乘人员预警提醒,同时还能给周围其他车辆传递避障信息,避免“鬼探头”式交通事故的发生,可以有效保障驾乘人员的安全。