Systematic analysis and modeling of the FLASH sparing effect as a function of dose and dose rate

Ultrahigh-dose-rate radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a revolutionary radiotherapy technology that can spare normal tissues without compromising tumor control.Although qualitative experimental results have been reported,quantitative and systematic analysis of data is necessary.Particularly,the FLASH effect response model to the dose or dose rate is still unclear.This study investigated the relationships between the FLASH effect and experimental parameters,such as dose,dose rate,and other factors by analyzing published in vivo experimental data from animal models.The data were modeled based on logistic regression analysis using the sigmoid function.The model was evaluated using prediction accuracy,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve.Results showed that the FLASH effect was closely related to the dose,mean dose rate,tissue type,and corresponding biological endpoints.The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering cognitive protection in the brain was 45 Gy s^(-1).The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering intestinal crypt survival and regeneration was 140 Gy s^(-1).For the skin toxicity effect,the dose corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering the FLASH effect was 24 Gy.This study helps to characterize the conditions underlying the FLASH effect and provides important information for optimizing experiments.

Meta-analysis of the acupoint application therapy for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupoint application in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:A comprehensive search of domestic and international databases,the search time is limited to nearly ten years,collecting traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stable phase of randomized controlled trials.Literature screening,information extraction and literature quality evaluation were carried out independently by two researchers,and Meta analysis was carried out by Revman software.Results:A total of 42 RCTs with a total of 4192 patients were included.The results of Meta analysis showed that:Compared with the routine treatment of western medicine,the addition of acupoint application therapy can significantly increase the effective rate[RR=1.23,95%CI(1.19,1.27),P<0.00001]and FEV1/FVC[MD=4.46,95%CI(3.17,5.76),P<0.00001].Significantly improved BODE index[MD=-0.63,95%CI(-0.87,-0.40),P<0.00001],SGRQ score[MD=-6.77,95%CI(-9.81,-3.72),P<0.00001],CAT score[MD=-3.33,95%CI(-3.87,-2.79),P<0.00001]and TCM syndrome integral[MD=-3.51,95%CI(-3.96,-3.06),P<0.00001].The differences is statistically significant and the safety profile is good.Conclusion:On the basis of routine treatment of COPD western medicine,acupoint application therapy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with less adverse reactions.However,due to the limitations of the research,high-quality research is still needed to provide further evidence.

A Systematic Analysis of Coal Accumulation Process

Formation of coal seam and coal-rich zone is an integrated result of a series of factors in coal accumulation process. The coal accumulation system is an architectural aggregation of coal accumulation factors. It can be classified into 4 levels： the global coal accumulation super-system, the coal accumulation domain mega-system, the coal accumulation basin system, and the coal seam or coal seam set sub-system. The coal accumulation process is an open, dynamic, and grey system, and is meanwhile a system with such natures as aggregation, relevance, entirety, purpose-orientated, hierarchy, and environment adaptability. In this paper, we take coal accumulation process as a system to study origin of coal seam and coal-rich zone; and we will discuss a methodology of the systematic analysis of coal accumulation process. As an example, the Ordos coal basin was investigated to elucidate the application of the method of the coal accumulation system analysis.

An Analysis of Integrating Machine Learning in Healthcare for Ensuring Confidentiality of the Electronic Records

The adoption of sustainable electronic healthcare infrastructure has revolutionized healthcare services and ensured that E-health technology caters efficiently and promptly to the needs of the stakeholders associated with healthcare.Despite the phenomenal advancement in the present healthcare services,the major obstacle that mars the success of E-health is the issue of ensuring the confidentiality and privacy of the patients’data.A thorough scan of several research studies reveals that healthcare data continues to be the most sought after entity by cyber invaders.Various approaches and methods have been practiced by researchers to secure healthcare digital services.However,there are very few from the Machine learning(ML)domain even though the technique has the proactive ability to detect suspicious accesses against Electronic Health Records(EHRs).The main aim of this work is to conduct a systematic analysis of the existing research studies that address healthcare data confidentiality issues through ML approaches.B.A.Kitchenham guidelines have been practiced as a manual to conduct this work.Seven well-known digital libraries namely IEEE Xplore,Science Direct,Springer Link,ACM Digital Library,Willey Online Library,PubMed(Medical and Bio-Science),and MDPI have been included to performan exhaustive search for the existing pertinent studies.Results of this study depict that machine learning provides a more robust security mechanism for sustainable management of the EHR systems in a proactive fashion,yet the specified area has not been fully explored by the researchers.K-nearest neighbor algorithm and KNIEM implementation tools are mostly used to conduct experiments on EHR systems’log data.Accuracy and performance measure of practiced techniques are not sufficiently outlined in the primary studies.This research endeavour depicts that there is a need to analyze the dynamic digital healthcare environment more comprehensively.Greater accuracy and effective implementation of ML-based models are the need of the day for ensuring the confidentiality of EHRs in a proactive fashion.

Systematic Analysis Method of Shear-Wave Splitting:SAM Software System

In order to make a more effective use of the data from regional digital seismograph networks and to promote the study on shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake stress-forecasting, SAM software system, i.e., the software on systematic analysis method of shear wave splitting has been developed. This paper introduces the design aims, system structure, function and characteristics about the SAM software system and shows some graphical interfaces of data input and result output. Lastly, it discusses preliminarily the study of shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake forecasting.

Groundwater system analysis of south Yishu geosyncline

South Yishu geosyncline is 50 km southeast of Changchun City of Jilin Province, where an aquifer is thick,surface runoff is abundant and it has potential to develop water resources preferably. By means of system analysis, the authors analyse the structural characteristics, I/O characteristics, function characteristics and boundary and environment characteristics of the groundwater system, so as to search for a way of optimizing water resources arrangement and enhancing water resources'bearing capacity. Based on the analysis results, the authors abstract conceptual model and mathematical model of the groundwater system. The simulation results certify and enrich the knowledge about south Yishu geosyncline.

中国农村基本医疗卫生服务综合评价指标体系构建的定性系统评价

目的系统梳理新一轮医药卫生体制改革以来农村基本医疗卫生服务综合评价指标体系,基于PHCPI概念框架(primary health care performance initiative conceptual framework)探寻目前评价指标普遍关注的内容和可能被忽略的评价内容,为后续科学、全面地评价农村基本医疗卫生服务提供参考依据。方法通过中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库检索2009—2019年有关农村基本医疗卫生服务综合评价指标体系的文献,基于SPIDER规范制定纳入排除标准,采用批判评估技术方案对纳入文献进行质量评价,运用框架合成法,选取PHCPI概念框架对纳入的文献进行归纳和总结。结果共纳入25篇文献,总体质量良好。评价体系中的指标可分为5个一级领域、16个二级领域、24个三级领域指标。综合对比各领域对应指标的文献数,卫生资金、效率等领域对应指标的文献数较多,均有20篇左右的文献,高于其他多数领域;投入、产出和结果的相应领域中,近85%的领域对应指标的文献在15篇及以上;服务提供的各领域中,仅18%左右的领域对应指标的文献达到15篇,40%以上领域对应指标的文献未超过5篇。结论农村基本医疗卫生服务综合评价体系对经济效益相关指标关注度较高,投入、产出和结果多数领域的指标重合度较高,评价体系对服务提供领域的关注度较低且内容分散。今后可加强对社会效益和服务提供相关指标的探索,以全面、综合地评价农村基本医疗卫生服务。

Science Mapping:A Systematic Review of the Literature

Purpose： We present a systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of science mapping to serve two primary purposes： First, to demonstrate the use of a science mapping approach to perform the review so that researchers may apply the procedure to the review of a scientific domain of their own interest, and second, to identify major areas of research activities concerning science mapping, intellectual milestones in the development of key specialties, evolutionary stages of major specialties involved, and the dynamics of transitions from one specialty to another.Design/methodology/approach： We first introduce a theoretical framework of the evolution of a scientific specialty. Then we demonstrate a generic search strategy that can be used to construct a representative dataset of bibliographic records of a domain of research. Next, progressively synthesized co-citation networks are constructed and visualized to aid visual analytic studies of the domain＇s structural and dynamic patterns and trends. Finally, trajectories of citations made by particular types of authors and articles are presented to illustrate the predictive potential of the analytic approach.Findings： The evolution of the science mapping research involves the development of a number of interrelated specialties. Four major specialties are discussed in detail in terms of four evolutionary stages： conceptualization, tool construction, application, and codification. Underlying connections between major specialties are also explored. The predictive analysis demonstrates citations trajectories of potentially transformative contributions.Research limitations： The systematic review is primarily guided by citation patterns in the dataset retrieved from the literature. The scope of the data is limited by the source of the retrieval, i.e. the Web of Science, and the composite query used. An iterative query refinement is possible if one would like to improve the data quality, although the current approach serves our purpose adequately. More in-depth analyses of each specialty would be more revealing by incorporating additional methods such as citation context analysis and studies of other aspects of scholarly publications.Practical implications： The underlying analytic process of science mapping serves many practical needs, notably bibliometric mapping, knowledge domain visualization, and visualization of scientific literature. In order to master such a complex process of science mapping, researchers often need to develop a diverse set of skills and knowledge that may span multiple disciplines. The approach demonstrated in this article provides a generic method for conducting a systematic review.Originality/value： Incorporating the evolutionary stages of a specialty into the visual analytic study of a research domain is innovative. It provides a systematic methodology for researchers to achieve a good understanding of how scientific fields evolve, to recognize potentially insightful patterns from visually encoded signs, and to synthesize various information so as to capture the state of the art of the domain.

Study on the efficacy of the safety incentive mechanisms

Safety incentive mechanism and corresponding motivation avenues are helpful and important for the scientific safety management in coal mine. With the help of modern systematic analysis method, the efficacy of safety incentive mechanisms is discussed in detail. The research shows that more effective avenue to reduce accident is to differently use motivation measures in practice.

Lubei Ecological Industry Project:A Case Study in China

Lubei General Company of Enterprise Group, Shangdong Province, set up joint enterprises industrial ecosystem by sharing resources, symbiosis industry and compact structure. As an ecological industry park, the industrial ecosystem has been operated successfully with rich experiment and has become one of ecological industry examples in the world. Based on the case study of Lubei ecological industry project, components of industrial chains, matter recycle and conversion, energy cycle and multilevel utilization, systematic structure and impact factor identification are analyzed and summarized in this paper. The possible extension and development of Lubei ecological industry project in future is brought forward as well.

The Main Evaluation Indicators for the Quality of Fruit Radish

The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included root weight,root shape index,water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate and vitamin C. These data were analyzed by variation correlation analysis,principal component analysis and system cluster analysis. 23 varieties of fruit radish were analyzed by variation correlation; 8 indicators were compressed into 6 integrated variables using principal component analysis. Finally,the main evaluation indicators of fruit radish were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 1. 64%-89. 99%. Water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate were the important components of fruit radish quality,playing a major role in the quality. These 8indicators were closely related and relatively independent. Water content was significantly and positively correlated with crispness; soluble solids and crude fiber were significantly and negatively related to vitamin C; crispness was significantly and positively correlated with crude fiber and vitamin C. Based on the above results,4 representative indicators were used for evaluating fruit radish quality,that is water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,which could reflect the most information of fruit radish quality.

Hospital Employer Attractiveness Considering the Increasing Shortage of Skilled Medical Professionals—A German Review

The main goal of this review is to give an overview of scientific publications concerning the employer attractiveness of German hospitals from the perspective of medical doctors in order to identify future research possibilities. After a summary of central problems concerning the German health sector and its current challenges, the study design behind the systematic content analysis as well as its criteria are presented. Selected results describe characteristics of expert literature for employer attractiveness in general, the attractiveness of German hospitals as employers (“hospital employer attractiveness” for short) as well as employer attractiveness from a medical doctor’s point of view. For each of these areas, focal points of research and main results are summarized and research gaps are pointed out.

Integrated analysis reveals the protective mechanism and therapeutic potential of hyperbaric oxygen against pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a dreadful, chronic, and irreversibly progressive disease leading to death with a few effective treatments. Our previous study suggested that repetitive hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Here, we investigated the protective mechanism of HBO treatment against pulmonary fibrosis using an integrated approach. Analyzing publicly available expression data from the mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as well as IPF patients, several potential mechanisms of relevance to IPF pathology were identified, including increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolysis. High EMT or glycolysis scores in bronchoalveolar lavage were strong independent predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis. These processes were potentially driven by hypoxia and blocked by HBO treatment. Together, these data support HBO treatment as a viable strategy against pulmonary fibrosis.

China's food security situation and key questions in the new era:A perspective of farmland protection

As the world’s largest developing country,the ability of China’s agricultural resource utilization to effectively support the current and future food security goals has been affected by a variety of factors(e.g.,transformed supply channels,tightening international situation and frequent emergencies)in recent years and has attracted extensive attention from the academic community subject to multiple factors.This study uses literature review,statistical analysis,and spatial analysis methods to systematically explore China’s food security situation in the context of farmland resource constraints.It is found that the demand-side pressures such as demographic changes,social class differentiation,and dietary structure adjustments derived from economic growth and rapid urbanization have placed extremely high expectations on food supply.However,the quantitative restrictions,utilization ways,and health risks of farmland resources on the supply side constitute a huge hidden concern that affects the stability of food production.Although China’s farmland protection system is undergoing a transition from focusing on quantity management to sustainable use,the matching and coordinating demand pressure and supply capacity for food security is unbalanced.Therefore,facing uncertain future development scenarios,policymakers should focus on building a resilient space for China’s farmland protection to withstand the interference of major emergencies.The existing farmland protection space policy can be integrated by establishing a national farmland strategic reserve system(based on resilient space),and further development of targeted use control measures for zoning,grading,and classification will help realize sustainable China’s farmland resources use.

Design of hospital healing gardens linked to pre- or post-occupancy research findings

This work examined the evidence-based design （EBD） and post-occupancy research of hospital healing gardens. The lack of statutory design guidelines raises concerns on how such gardens are created and whether they meet the intended design purpose. This issue is particularly important for hospitals because a neutral or even a negative effect on users can be generated. A systematic analysis of the literature in two databases （Scopus and Web of Science） was undertaken. Results showed that pre- and post-occupancy research findings on hospital healing garden design are sparse and design recommendations vary among users. Despite the tack of research on the design of healing gardens, the review showed that while post-occupancy research findings evaluate the effectiveness of design recommendations, pre-occupancy research findings, combined with site analysis, constitute a traditional approach followed in landscape architecture practice and determine the site and user features that must be addressed for each hospital. Pre- and post-research findings must be considered in the design process to create a “successful” healing garden. A summary of EBD recommendations for different users is presented, and the need to enrich the existing amount of EBD recommenda-tions is highlighted.

Design of ultrahigh-affinity and dual-specificity peptide antagonists of MDM2 and MDMX for P53 activation and tumor suppression

Peptide inhibition of the interactions of the tumor suppressor protein P53 with its negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX activates P53 in vitro and in vivo,representing a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.Using phage display techniques,we previously identified a potent peptide activator of P53,termed PMI(TSFAEYWNLLSP),with binding affinities for both MDM2 and MDMX in the low nanomolar concentration range.Here we report an ultrahigh affinity,dual-specificity peptide antagonist of MDM2 and MDMX obtained through systematic mutational analysis and additivitybased molecular design.Functional assays of over 100 peptide analogs of PMI using surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence polarization techniques yielded a dodecameric peptide termed PMI-M3(LTFLEYWAQLMQ)that bound to MDM2 and MDMX with K_(d)values in the low picomolar concentration range as verified by isothermal titration calorimetry.Co-crystal structures of MDM2 and of MDMX in complex with PMI-M3 were solved at 1.65 and 3.0 A resolution,respectively.Similar to PMI,PMI-M3 occupied the P53-binding pocket of MDM2/MDMX,which was dominated energetically by intermolecular interactions involving Phe3,Tyr6,Trp7,and Leu 10.Notable differences in binding between PMI-M3 and PMI were observed at other positions such as Leu4 and Met11 with MDM2,and Leu1 and Met11 with MDMX,collectively contributing to a significantly enhanced binding affinity of PMI-M3 for both proteins.By adding lysine residues to both ends of PMI and PMI-M3 to improve their cellular uptake,we obtained modified peptides termed PMI-2K(KTSFAEYWNLLSPK)and M3-2K(KLTFLEYWAQLMQK).Compared with PMI-2K,M3-2K exhibited significantly improved antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo in a P53-dependent manner.This super-strong peptide inhibitor of the P53-MDM2/MDMX interactions may become,in its own right,a powerful lead compound for anticancer drug development,and can aid molecular design of other classes of P53 activators as well for anticancer therapy.

Establishing distinctive theories and methods of design science rooted in Chinese traditional culture

The human social development saw the formation of five unique civilizations,with the latter forming their own distinctive cultures.China’s traditional culture is its most fundamental ideological weapon for solving problems.The Chinese are good at comprehensive thinking,dialectical thinking,and systematic analysis.These ideological weapons can solve the problems of formal science and technology and create scientific and technological achievements on par with global advanced scale.Ancient China is filled with original scientific and technological achievements,which strongly prove ancient China’s possession of its own science and technology different from that of Western Renaissance.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of science,technology,experience,and intuition is necessary.The long-held superstition regarding the West,the lack of confidence,self-denial,blind imitation of ideas,and shackles must be thrown away.Only then can we take the road toward an authentic Chinese creative design as we learn from others.