Background Ethanol embolotherapy is considered an optimal choice for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations(AVMs);however,there are some complications associated with this treatment.This study aimed to prospecti...Background Ethanol embolotherapy is considered an optimal choice for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations(AVMs);however,there are some complications associated with this treatment.This study aimed to prospectively investigate systemic hemodynamic changes in high-flow AVMs using ethanol embolotherapy.Methods From September 2012 to September 2014,34 male patients and 26 female patients with AVMs who underwent embolotherapy(100 sessions in total)with absolute ethanol were included in this study.Invasive systolic blood pressure(SBP)and heart rate(HR)were recorded before and after each injection and throughout the procedure.Differences between the initial and highest SBP(ΔmaxSP)and HR values(ΔmaxHR),as well as the initial and final SBP(ΔSP)and HR(ΔHR)values,were analyzed.We aimed to explore the potential association between these values and the amount of ethanol that was used.Results The total ethanol used was variable(0.01–0.40 mL/kg;mean,0.20 mL/kg).SBP and HR increased after ethanol injection in most sessions(91 in 100 sessions).SBP decreased in 9 sessions(9 in 100 sessions),while HR,oxygen saturation,and end-tidal CO2 decreased in one of the 9 sessions.ΔmaxSP andΔmaxHR averaged 38.4 mmHg and 27.8 bpm,respectively(both P<0.05),whileΔSP andΔHR averaged 3.4 mmHg and 4.0 bpm,respectively(both P<0.05).ΔmaxSP andΔmaxHR were positively correlated with the total dose of ethanol injected.Conclusions Elevations in SBP and HR during ethanol embolotherapy are common,temporary,and most likely pain-mediated;these increases tend to be positively correlated with ethanol dose.Hypotension may be regarded as an acute complication of ethanol embolotherapy.Hypotension combined with bradycardia,oxygen desaturation,and decreased end-tidal CO2 may be a potential predictor of cardiovascular collapse.展开更多
Phase change memory （PCM） is a promising technology for future memory thanks to its better scalability and lower leakage power than DRAM （dynamic random-access memory）. However, adopting PCM as main memory needs t...Phase change memory （PCM） is a promising technology for future memory thanks to its better scalability and lower leakage power than DRAM （dynamic random-access memory）. However, adopting PCM as main memory needs to overcome its write issues, such as long write latency and high write power. In this paper, we propose two techniques to improve the performance and energy-efficiency of PCM memory systems. First, we propose a victim cache technique utilizing the existing buffer in the memory controller to reduce PCM memory accesses. The key idea is reorganizing the buffer into a victim cache structure （RBC） to provide additional hits for the LLC （last level cache）. Second, we propose a chip parallelism-aware replacement policy （CPAR） for the victim cache to further improve performance. Instead of evicting one cache line once, CPAR evicts multiple cache lines that access different PCM chips. CPAR can reduce the frequent victim cache eviction and improve the write parallelism of PCM chips. The evaluation results show that, compared with the baseline, RBC can improve PCM memory system performance by up to 9.4% and 5.4% on average. Combing CPAR with RBC （RBC＋CPAR） can improve performance by up to 19.0% and 12.1% on average. Moreover, RBC and RBC＋CPAR can reduce memory energy consumption by 8.3% and 6.6% on average, respectively.展开更多
Background:Social innovation has been applied increasingly to achieve social goals,including improved healthcare delivery,despite a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition.Beyond its tangible artefa...Background:Social innovation has been applied increasingly to achieve social goals,including improved healthcare delivery,despite a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition.Beyond its tangible artefacts to address societal and structural needs,social innovation can best be understood as innovation in social relations,in power dynamics and in governance transformations,and may include institutional and systems transformations.Methods:A scoping review was conducted of empirical studies published in the past 10 years,to identify how social innovation in healthcare has been applied,the enablers and barriers affecting its operation,and gaps in the current literature.A number of disciplinary databases were searched between April and June 2020,including Academic Source Complete,CIHAHL,Business Source Complete Psych INFO,PubMed and Global Health.A 10-year publication time frame was selected and articles limited to English text.Studies for final inclusion was based on a pre-defined criteria.Results:Of the 27 studies included in this review,the majority adopted a case research methodology.展开更多
文摘Background Ethanol embolotherapy is considered an optimal choice for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations(AVMs);however,there are some complications associated with this treatment.This study aimed to prospectively investigate systemic hemodynamic changes in high-flow AVMs using ethanol embolotherapy.Methods From September 2012 to September 2014,34 male patients and 26 female patients with AVMs who underwent embolotherapy(100 sessions in total)with absolute ethanol were included in this study.Invasive systolic blood pressure(SBP)and heart rate(HR)were recorded before and after each injection and throughout the procedure.Differences between the initial and highest SBP(ΔmaxSP)and HR values(ΔmaxHR),as well as the initial and final SBP(ΔSP)and HR(ΔHR)values,were analyzed.We aimed to explore the potential association between these values and the amount of ethanol that was used.Results The total ethanol used was variable(0.01–0.40 mL/kg;mean,0.20 mL/kg).SBP and HR increased after ethanol injection in most sessions(91 in 100 sessions).SBP decreased in 9 sessions(9 in 100 sessions),while HR,oxygen saturation,and end-tidal CO2 decreased in one of the 9 sessions.ΔmaxSP andΔmaxHR averaged 38.4 mmHg and 27.8 bpm,respectively(both P<0.05),whileΔSP andΔHR averaged 3.4 mmHg and 4.0 bpm,respectively(both P<0.05).ΔmaxSP andΔmaxHR were positively correlated with the total dose of ethanol injected.Conclusions Elevations in SBP and HR during ethanol embolotherapy are common,temporary,and most likely pain-mediated;these increases tend to be positively correlated with ethanol dose.Hypotension may be regarded as an acute complication of ethanol embolotherapy.Hypotension combined with bradycardia,oxygen desaturation,and decreased end-tidal CO2 may be a potential predictor of cardiovascular collapse.
文摘Phase change memory （PCM） is a promising technology for future memory thanks to its better scalability and lower leakage power than DRAM （dynamic random-access memory）. However, adopting PCM as main memory needs to overcome its write issues, such as long write latency and high write power. In this paper, we propose two techniques to improve the performance and energy-efficiency of PCM memory systems. First, we propose a victim cache technique utilizing the existing buffer in the memory controller to reduce PCM memory accesses. The key idea is reorganizing the buffer into a victim cache structure （RBC） to provide additional hits for the LLC （last level cache）. Second, we propose a chip parallelism-aware replacement policy （CPAR） for the victim cache to further improve performance. Instead of evicting one cache line once, CPAR evicts multiple cache lines that access different PCM chips. CPAR can reduce the frequent victim cache eviction and improve the write parallelism of PCM chips. The evaluation results show that, compared with the baseline, RBC can improve PCM memory system performance by up to 9.4% and 5.4% on average. Combing CPAR with RBC （RBC＋CPAR） can improve performance by up to 19.0% and 12.1% on average. Moreover, RBC and RBC＋CPAR can reduce memory energy consumption by 8.3% and 6.6% on average, respectively.
文摘Background:Social innovation has been applied increasingly to achieve social goals,including improved healthcare delivery,despite a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition.Beyond its tangible artefacts to address societal and structural needs,social innovation can best be understood as innovation in social relations,in power dynamics and in governance transformations,and may include institutional and systems transformations.Methods:A scoping review was conducted of empirical studies published in the past 10 years,to identify how social innovation in healthcare has been applied,the enablers and barriers affecting its operation,and gaps in the current literature.A number of disciplinary databases were searched between April and June 2020,including Academic Source Complete,CIHAHL,Business Source Complete Psych INFO,PubMed and Global Health.A 10-year publication time frame was selected and articles limited to English text.Studies for final inclusion was based on a pre-defined criteria.Results:Of the 27 studies included in this review,the majority adopted a case research methodology.
