In new environments of trading, customer's trust is vital for the extended progress and development of electronic commerce. This paper proposes that in addition to known factors of electronic commerce B2C websites...In new environments of trading, customer's trust is vital for the extended progress and development of electronic commerce. This paper proposes that in addition to known factors of electronic commerce B2C websites such a design of websites, security of websites and familiarity of website influence customers trust in online transactions. This paper presents an application of expert system on trust in electronic commerce. Based on experts’ judgment, a frame of work was proposed. The proposed model applies ANFIS and Mamdani inference fuzzy system to get the desired results and then results of two methods were compared. Two questionnaires were used in this study. The first questionnaire was developed for e-commerce experts, and the second one was designed for the customers of electronic websites. Based on AHP method, Expert Choice software was used to determine the priority of factors in the first questionnaire, and MATLAB and Excel were used for developing the fuzzy rules. Finally, the fuzzy logical kit was used to analyze the generated factors in the model. Our study findings show that trust in EC transactions is strongly mediated by perceived security.展开更多
We find extremely large low-magnetic-field magnetoresistance (~350% at 0.2 T and ~180% at 0.1 T) in germa- nium at room temperature and the magnetoresistanee is highly sensitive to the surface roughness. This unique...We find extremely large low-magnetic-field magnetoresistance (~350% at 0.2 T and ~180% at 0.1 T) in germa- nium at room temperature and the magnetoresistanee is highly sensitive to the surface roughness. This unique magnetoelectric property is applied to fabricate logic architecture which could perform basic Boolean logic in- cluding AND, OR, NOR and NAND. Our logic device may pave the way for a high performance microprocessor and may make the germanium family more advanced.展开更多
This paper gives a matrix expression of logic. Under the matrix expression, a general description of the logical operators is proposed. Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, the proofs of logical equivalences, im...This paper gives a matrix expression of logic. Under the matrix expression, a general description of the logical operators is proposed. Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, the proofs of logical equivalences, implications, etc., can be simplified a lot. Certain general properties are revealed. Then, based on matrix expression, the logical operators are extended to multi-valued logic, which provides a foundation for fuzzy logical inference. Finally, we propose a new type of logic, called mix-valued logic, and a new design technique, called logic-based fuzzy control. They provide a numerically computable framework for the application of fuzzy logic for the control of fuzzy systems.展开更多
In this paper, we extend our previous study of addressing the important problem of automatically identifying question and non-question segments in Arabic monologues using prosodic features. We propose here two novel c...In this paper, we extend our previous study of addressing the important problem of automatically identifying question and non-question segments in Arabic monologues using prosodic features. We propose here two novel classification approaches to this problem: one based on the use of the powerful type-2 fuzzy logic systems (type-2 FLS) and the other on the use of the discriminative sensitivity-based linear learning method (SBLLM). The use of prosodic features has been used in a plethora of practical applications, including speech-related applications, such as speaker and word recognition, emotion and accent identification, topic and sentence segmentation, and text-to-speech applications. In this paper, we continue to specifically focus on the Arabic language, as other languages have received a lot of attention in this regard. Moreover, we aim to improve the performance of our previously-used techniques, of which the support vector machine (SVM) method was the best performing, by applying the two above-mentioned powerful classification approaches. The recorded continuous speech is first segmented into sentences using both energy and time duration parameters. The prosodic features are then extracted from each sentence and fed into each of the two proposed classifiers so as to classify each sentence as a Question or a Non-Question sentence. Our extensive simulation work, based on a moderately-sized database, showed the two proposed classifiers outperform SVM in all of the experiments carried out, with the type-2 FLS classifier consistently exhibiting the best performance, because of its ability to handle all forms of uncertainties.展开更多
A t-norm fuzzy logic is presented, in which a triangular norm (t-norm) plays the role of a graduated conjunction operator. Based on this fuzzy logic we develop methods for fuzzy reasoning in which antecedents and cons...A t-norm fuzzy logic is presented, in which a triangular norm (t-norm) plays the role of a graduated conjunction operator. Based on this fuzzy logic we develop methods for fuzzy reasoning in which antecedents and consequents involve fuzzy conditional propositions of the form “If x is A then y is B”, with A and B being fuzzy concepts (fuzzy sets). In this study, we present a systemic approach toward fuzzy logic formalization for approximate reasoning. We examine statistical characteristics of the proposed fuzzy logic. As the matter of practical interest, we construct a set of fuzzy conditional inference rules on the basis of the proposed fuzzy logic. Important features of these rules are investigated.展开更多
This paper introduces the base-X notation and discusses the conversion between numbers of different bases. It also introduces the tri-value logic that is associated with the base-3 system.
文摘In new environments of trading, customer's trust is vital for the extended progress and development of electronic commerce. This paper proposes that in addition to known factors of electronic commerce B2C websites such a design of websites, security of websites and familiarity of website influence customers trust in online transactions. This paper presents an application of expert system on trust in electronic commerce. Based on experts’ judgment, a frame of work was proposed. The proposed model applies ANFIS and Mamdani inference fuzzy system to get the desired results and then results of two methods were compared. Two questionnaires were used in this study. The first questionnaire was developed for e-commerce experts, and the second one was designed for the customers of electronic websites. Based on AHP method, Expert Choice software was used to determine the priority of factors in the first questionnaire, and MATLAB and Excel were used for developing the fuzzy rules. Finally, the fuzzy logical kit was used to analyze the generated factors in the model. Our study findings show that trust in EC transactions is strongly mediated by perceived security.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11174169,11234007 and 51471093
文摘We find extremely large low-magnetic-field magnetoresistance (~350% at 0.2 T and ~180% at 0.1 T) in germa- nium at room temperature and the magnetoresistanee is highly sensitive to the surface roughness. This unique magnetoelectric property is applied to fabricate logic architecture which could perform basic Boolean logic in- cluding AND, OR, NOR and NAND. Our logic device may pave the way for a high performance microprocessor and may make the germanium family more advanced.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60274010, 60343001, 60221301, 60334040)
文摘This paper gives a matrix expression of logic. Under the matrix expression, a general description of the logical operators is proposed. Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, the proofs of logical equivalences, implications, etc., can be simplified a lot. Certain general properties are revealed. Then, based on matrix expression, the logical operators are extended to multi-valued logic, which provides a foundation for fuzzy logical inference. Finally, we propose a new type of logic, called mix-valued logic, and a new design technique, called logic-based fuzzy control. They provide a numerically computable framework for the application of fuzzy logic for the control of fuzzy systems.
文摘In this paper, we extend our previous study of addressing the important problem of automatically identifying question and non-question segments in Arabic monologues using prosodic features. We propose here two novel classification approaches to this problem: one based on the use of the powerful type-2 fuzzy logic systems (type-2 FLS) and the other on the use of the discriminative sensitivity-based linear learning method (SBLLM). The use of prosodic features has been used in a plethora of practical applications, including speech-related applications, such as speaker and word recognition, emotion and accent identification, topic and sentence segmentation, and text-to-speech applications. In this paper, we continue to specifically focus on the Arabic language, as other languages have received a lot of attention in this regard. Moreover, we aim to improve the performance of our previously-used techniques, of which the support vector machine (SVM) method was the best performing, by applying the two above-mentioned powerful classification approaches. The recorded continuous speech is first segmented into sentences using both energy and time duration parameters. The prosodic features are then extracted from each sentence and fed into each of the two proposed classifiers so as to classify each sentence as a Question or a Non-Question sentence. Our extensive simulation work, based on a moderately-sized database, showed the two proposed classifiers outperform SVM in all of the experiments carried out, with the type-2 FLS classifier consistently exhibiting the best performance, because of its ability to handle all forms of uncertainties.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61403118,61174073,61233002,11271106)the IAPI Fundamental Research Funds(2013ZCX03-01)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2015201088)the Science and Technology Foundation of Hebei Province(QN20131056)
文摘A t-norm fuzzy logic is presented, in which a triangular norm (t-norm) plays the role of a graduated conjunction operator. Based on this fuzzy logic we develop methods for fuzzy reasoning in which antecedents and consequents involve fuzzy conditional propositions of the form “If x is A then y is B”, with A and B being fuzzy concepts (fuzzy sets). In this study, we present a systemic approach toward fuzzy logic formalization for approximate reasoning. We examine statistical characteristics of the proposed fuzzy logic. As the matter of practical interest, we construct a set of fuzzy conditional inference rules on the basis of the proposed fuzzy logic. Important features of these rules are investigated.
文摘This paper introduces the base-X notation and discusses the conversion between numbers of different bases. It also introduces the tri-value logic that is associated with the base-3 system.