Efficient OpenMP Based Z-curve Encoding and Decoding Algorithms

Z-curve’s encoding and decoding algorithms are primely important in many Z-curve-based applications.The bit interleaving algorithm is the current state-of-the-art algorithm for encoding and decoding Z-curve.Although simple,its efficiency is hindered by the step-by-step coordinate shifting and bitwise operations.To tackle this problem,we first propose the efficient encoding algorithm LTFe and the corresponding decoding algorithm LTFd,which adopt two optimization methods to boost the algorithm’s efficiency:1)we design efficient lookup tables(LT)that convert encoding and decoding operations into table-lookup operations;2)we design a bit detection mechanism that skips partial order of a coordinate or a Z-value with consecutive 0s in the front,avoiding unnecessary iterative computations.We propose order-parallel and point-parallel OpenMP-based algorithms to exploit the modern multi-core hardware.Experimental results on discrete,skewed,and real datasets indicate that our point-parallel algorithms can be up to 12.6×faster than the existing algorithms.

Dynamic response and failure process of horizontal-layered fractured structure rock slope under strong earthquake

Rock slope with horizontal-layered fractured structure(HLFS)has high stability in its natural state.However,a strong earthquake can induce rock fissure expansion,ultimately leading to slope failure.In this study,the dynamic response,failure mode,and spectral characteristics of rock slope with HLFS under strong earthquake conditions were investigated based on the large-scale shaking table model test.On this basis,multiple sets of numerical calculation models were further established by UDEC discrete element program.Five influencing factors were considered in the parametric study of numerical simulations,including slope height,slope angle,bedding-plane spacing and secondary joint spacing as well as bedrock dip angle.The results showed that the failure process of rock slope with HLFS under earthquake action is mainly divided into four phases,i.e.,the tensile crack of the slope shoulder joints and shear dislocation at the top bedding plane,the extension of vertical joint cracks and increase of shear displacement,the formation of step-through sliding surfaces and the instability,and finally collapse of fractured rock mass.The acceleration response of slopes exhibits elevation amplification effect and surface effect.Numerical simulations indicate that the seismic stability of slopes with HLFS exhibits a negative correlation with slope height and angle,but a positive correlation with bedding-plane spacing,joint spacing,and bedrock dip angle.The results of this study can provide a reference for seismic stability evaluation of weathered rock slopes.

Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test

As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much attention.This paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame structure.Different material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic performance.Floor response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical simulation.The acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are compared.The results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes.

Effects of water tables and nitrogen application on soil bacterial community diversity, network structure, and function in an alpine wetland, China

Nitrogen deposition and water tables are important factors to control soil microbial community structure.However,the specific effects and mechanisms of nitrogen deposition and water tables coupling on bacterial diversity,abundance,and community structure in arid alpine wetlands remain unclear.The nitrogen deposition(0,10,and 20 kg N/(hm^(2)•a))experiments were conducted in the Bayinbulak alpine wetland with different water tables(perennial flooding,seasonal waterlogging,and perennial drying).The 16S rRNA(ribosomal ribonucleic acid)gene sequencing technology was employed to analyze the changes in bacterial community diversity,network structure,and function in the soil.Results indicated that bacterial diversity was the highest under seasonal waterlogging condition.However,nitrogen deposition only affected the bacterial Chao1 and beta diversity indices under seasonal waterlogging condition.The abundance of bacterial communities under different water tables showed significant differences at the phylum and genus levels.The dominant phylum,Proteobacteria,was sensitive to soil moisture and its abundance decreased with decreasing water tables.Although nitrogen deposition led to changes in bacterial abundance,such changes were small compared with the effects of water tables.Nitrogen deposition with 10 kg N/(hm^(2)•a)decreased bacterial edge number,average path length,and robustness.However,perennial flooding and drying conditions could simply resist environmental changes caused by 20 kg N/(hm^(2)•a)nitrogen deposition and their network structure remain unchanged.The sulfur cycle function was dominant under perennial flooding condition,and carbon and nitrogen cycle functions were dominant under seasonal waterlogging and perennial drying conditions.Nitrogen application increased the potential function of part of nitrogen cycle and decreased the potential function of sulfur cycle in bacterial community.In summary,composition of bacterial community in the arid alpine wetland was determined by water tables,and diversity of bacterial community was inhibited by a lower water table.Effect of nitrogen deposition on bacterial community structure and function depended on water tables.

Research on IPFS Image Copyright Protection Method Based on Blockchain

In the digital information age,distributed file storage technologies like the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)have gained considerable traction as a means of storing and disseminating media content.Despite the advantages of decentralized storage,the proliferation of decentralized technologies has highlighted the need to address the issue of file ownership.The aim of this paper is to address the critical issues of source verification and digital copyright protection for IPFS image files.To this end,an innovative approach is proposed that integrates blockchain,digital signature,and blind watermarking.Blockchain technology functions as a decentralized and tamper-resistant ledger,recording and verifying the source information of files,thereby establishing credible evidence of file origin.A digital signature serves to authenticate the identity and integrity of the individual responsible for uploading the file,ensuring data security.Furthermore,blind watermarking is employed to embed invisible information within images,thereby safeguarding digital copyrights and enabling file traceability.To further optimize the efficiency of file retrieval within IPFS,a dual-layer Distributed Hash Table(DHT)indexing structure is proposed.This structure divides file index information into a global index layer and a local index layer,significantly reducing retrieval time and network overhead.The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through practical examples,providing an effective solution to the copyright protection issues associated with IPFS image files.

Accelerated generation of holograms with ultra-low memory symmetrically high-compressed look-up table

Computer-generated holography technology has been widely applied,and as research in this field deepens,the demand for memory and computational power in small AR and VR devices continues to increase.This paper presents a hologram generation method,i.e.,a symmetrically high-compressed look-up table method,which can reduce memory usage by50%.In offline computing,half of the basic horizontal and vertical modulation factors are stored,halving the memory requirements without affecting inline speed.Currently,its potential extends to various holographic applications,including the production of optical diffraction elements.

Effect of burial depth of a new tunnel on the seismic response of an existing tunnel

Burial depth is a crucial factor affecting the forces and deformation of tunnels during earthquakes.One key issue is a lack of understanding of the effect of a change in the buried depth of a single-side tunnel on the seismic response of a double-tunnel system.In this study,shaking table tests were designed and performed based on a tunnel under construction in Dalian,China.Numerical models were established using the equivalent linear method combined with ABAQUS finite element software to analyze the seismic response of the interacting system.The results showed that the amplification coefficient of the soil acceleration did not change evidently with the burial depth of the new tunnel but decreased as the seismic amplitude increased.In addition,the existing tunnel acceleration,earth pressure,and internal force were hardly affected by the change in the burial depth;for the new tunnel,the acceleration and internal force decreased as the burial depth increased,while the earth pressure increased.This shows that the earth pressure distribution in a double-tunnel system is relatively complex and mainly concentrated on the arch spandrel and arch springing of the relative area.Overall,when the horizontal clearance between the center of the two tunnels was more than twice the sum of the radius of the outer edges of the two tunnels,the change in the burial depth of the new tunnel had little effect on the existing one,and the tunnel structure was deemed safe.These results provide a preliminary understanding and reference for the seismic performance of a double-tunnel system.

Seismic effectiveness evaluation and optimized design of tie up method for securing museum collections

To quantify the seismic effectiveness of the most commonly used fishing line tie up method for securing museum collections and optimize fixed strategies for exhibitions,shaking table tests of the seismic systems used for typical museum collection replicas have been carried out.The influence of body shape and fixed measure parameters on the seismic responses of replicas and the interaction behavior between replicas and fixed measures have been explored.Based on the results,seismic effectiveness evaluation indexes of the tie up method are proposed.Reasonable suggestions for fixed strategies are given,which provide a basis for the exhibition of delicate museum collections considering the principle of minimizing seismic responses and intervention.The analysis results show that a larger ratio of height of mass center to bottom diameter led to more intense rocking responses.Increasing the initial pretension of fishing lines was conducive to reducing the seismic responses and stress variation of the lines.Through comprehensive consideration of the interaction forces and effective securement,it is recommended to apply 20%of breaking stress as the initial pretension.For specific museum collections that cannot be effectively protected by the independent tie up method,an optimized strategy of a combination of fishing lines and fasteners is recommended.

Stability of bedded rock slopes subjected to hydro-fluctuation and associated strength deterioration

Reservoir-induced earthquakes(RIEs)occur frequently in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)and the rock mass strength of the hydro-fluctuation belt(HFB)deteriorates severely due to the reservoirinduced seismic loads.Three models of typical bedded rock slopes(BRSs),i.e.gently(GIS),moderately(MIS),and steeply(SIS)inclined slopes,were proposed according to field investigations.The dynamic response mechanism and stability of the BRSs,affected by the rock mass deterioration of the HFB,were investigated by the shaking table test and the universal distinct element code(UDEC)simulation.Specifically,the amplification coefficient of the peak ground acceleration(PGA)of the slope was gradually attenuated under multiple seismic loads,and the acceleration response showed obvious“surface effect”and“elevation effect”in the horizontal and vertical directions,respectively.The“S-type”cubic function and“steep-rise type”exponential function were used to characterize the cumulative damage evolution of the slope caused by microseismic waves(low seismic waves)and high seismic waves,respectively.According to the dynamic responses of the acceleration,cumulative displacement,rock pressure,pore water pressure,damping ratio,natural frequency,stability coefficient,and sliding velocity of the slope,the typical evolution processes of the dynamic cumulative damage and instability failure of the slope were generalized,and the numerical and experimental results were compared.Considering the dynamic effects of the slope height(SH),slope angle(SA),bedding plane thickness(BPT),dip angle of the bedding plane(DABP),dynamic load amplitude(DLA),dynamic load frequency(DLF),height of water level of the hydro-fluctuation belt(HWLHFB),degradation range of the hydro-fluctuation belt(DRHFB),and degradation shape of the hydro-fluctuation belt(DSHFB),the sensitivity of factors influencing the slope dynamic stability using the orthogonal analysis method(OAM)was DLA>DRHFB>SA>SH>DLF>HWLHFB>DSHFB>DABP>BPT.

Improving Video Watermarking through Galois Field GF(2^(4)) Multiplication Tables with Diverse Irreducible Polynomials and Adaptive Techniques

Video watermarking plays a crucial role in protecting intellectual property rights and ensuring content authenticity.This study delves into the integration of Galois Field(GF)multiplication tables,especially GF(2^(4)),and their interaction with distinct irreducible polynomials.The primary aim is to enhance watermarking techniques for achieving imperceptibility,robustness,and efficient execution time.The research employs scene selection and adaptive thresholding techniques to streamline the watermarking process.Scene selection is used strategically to embed watermarks in the most vital frames of the video,while adaptive thresholding methods ensure that the watermarking process adheres to imperceptibility criteria,maintaining the video's visual quality.Concurrently,careful consideration is given to execution time,crucial in real-world scenarios,to balance efficiency and efficacy.The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)serves as a pivotal metric to gauge the watermark's imperceptibility and video quality.The study explores various irreducible polynomials,navigating the trade-offs between computational efficiency and watermark imperceptibility.In parallel,the study pays careful attention to the execution time,a paramount consideration in real-world scenarios,to strike a balance between efficiency and efficacy.This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the interplay of GF multiplication tables,diverse irreducible polynomials,scene selection,adaptive thresholding,imperceptibility,and execution time.The evaluation of the proposed algorithm's robustness was conducted using PSNR and NC metrics,and it was subjected to assessment under the impact of five distinct attack scenarios.These findings contribute to the development of watermarking strategies that balance imperceptibility,robustness,and processing efficiency,enhancing the field's practicality and effectiveness.

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

Evaluation of the effects of EPS composite soil replacement on the dynamic performance of caisson structure using shaking table tests

The seismic performance of a caisson structure under two types of models with a saturated sandy foundation(CSS)and an expanded polystyrene(EPS)composite soil foundation(CES)are studied using shaking table tests.The macro phenomena of the two different foundation models are described and analyzed.The effects of the replacement of EPS composite soil on seismic-induced liquefaction of backfill and the dynamic performance of a caisson structure are evaluated in detail.The results show that the excess pore water pressure generation in the CES is significantly slower than that in the CSS during the shaking.The dynamic earth pressure acting on the caisson has a triangular shape.The response of horizontal acceleration,displacement,settlement,and rotation angle of the caisson in the CES is smaller than that in the CSS,which means the caisson in the CES has a better seismic performance.Furthermore,the out-of-phase phenomenon between dynamic earth thrust and inertial force in the CES is more obvious than that in the CSS,which is beneficial to reduce the lateral force and improve the stability of the caisson structure.

Numerical analysis on seismic performance of underground structures in liquefiable interlayer sites from centrifuge shaking table test

When an underground structure passes through a liquefiable soil layer,the soil liquefaction may pose a significant threat to the structure.A centrifuge shaking table test was performed to research the seismic response of underground structures in liquefiable interlayer sites,and a valid numerical model was obtained through simulation model test.Finally,the calibrated numerical model was used to perform further research on the influence of various distribution characteristics of liquefiable interlayers on the seismic reaction of underground structures.The key findings are as follows.The structure faces the most unfavorable condition once a liquefiable layer is located in the middle of the underground structure.When a liquefiable layer exists in the middle of the structure,the seismic reactions of both the underground structure and model site will increase with the rise of the thickness of the liquefiable interlayer.The inter-story drift of the structure in the non-liquefiable site is much smaller than that in the liquefiable interlayer site.The inter-story drift of the structure is not only associated with the site displacement and the soil-structure stiffness ratio but also closely associated with the slippage of the soil-structure contact interface under the condition of large deformation of the site.

Study on a conical bearing for acceleration-sensitive equipment

Seismic isolation effectively reduces seismic demands on building structures by isolating the superstructure from ground vibrations during earthquakes.However,isolation strategies give less attention to acceleration-sensitive systems or equipment.Meanwhile,as the isolation layer’s displacement grows,the stiffness and frequency of traditional rolling and sliding isolation bearings increases,potentially causing self-centering and resonance concerns.As a result,a new conical pendulum bearing has been selected for acceleration-sensitive equipment to increase self-centering capacity,and additional viscous dampers are incorporated to enhance system damping.Moreover,the theoretical formula for conical pendulum bearings is supplied to analyze the device’s dynamic parameters,and shake table experiments are used to determine the proposed device’s isolation efficiency under various conditions.According to the test results,the newly proposed devices have remarkable isolation performance in terms of minimizing both acceleration and displacement responses.Finally,a numerical model of the isolation system is provided for further research,and the accuracy is demonstrated by the aforementioned experiments.

Pre-training transformer with dual-branch context content module for table detection in document images

Background Document images such as statistical reports and scientific journals are widely used in information technology.Accurate detection of table areas in document images is an essential prerequisite for tasks such as information extraction.However,because of the diversity in the shapes and sizes of tables,existing table detection methods adapted from general object detection algorithms,have not yet achieved satisfactory results.Incorrect detection results might lead to the loss of critical information.Methods Therefore,we propose a novel end-to-end trainable deep network combined with a self-supervised pretraining transformer for feature extraction to minimize incorrect detections.To better deal with table areas of different shapes and sizes,we added a dualbranch context content attention module(DCCAM)to high-dimensional features to extract context content information,thereby enhancing the network's ability to learn shape features.For feature fusion at different scales,we replaced the original 3×3 convolution with a multilayer residual module,which contains enhanced gradient flow information to improve the feature representation and extraction capability.Results We evaluated our method on public document datasets and compared it with previous methods,which achieved state-of-the-art results in terms of evaluation metrics such as recall and F1-score.https://github.com/Yong Z-Lee/TD-DCCAM.

A novel control strategy for reproducing the floor motions of high-rise buildings by earthquake-simulating shake tables

To enable the experimental assessment of the seismic performance of full-scale nonstructural elements with multiple engineering parameters(EDPs),a three-layer testbed named Nonstructural Element Simulator on Shake Table(NEST)has been developed.The testbed consists of three consecutive floors of steel structure.The bottom two floors provide a space to accommodate a full-scale room.To fully explore the flexibility of NEST,we propose a novel control strategy to generate the required shake table input time histories for the testbed to track the target floor motions of the buildings of interest with high accuracy.The control strategy contains two parts:an inverse dynamic compensation via simulation of feedback control systems(IDCS)algorithm and an offline iteration procedure based on a refined nonlinear numerical model of the testbed.The key aspects of the control strategy were introduced in this paper.Experimental tests were conducted to simulate the seismic responses of a full-scale office room on the 21^(st)floor of a 42-story high-rise building.The test results show that the proposed control strategy can reproduce the target floor motions of the building of interest with less than 20%errors within the specified frequency range.

Exploring the Dynamics of Industrial Convergence Among RCEP Member Countries: An Empirical Study

The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and analysis.This study initially employs multi-regional input-output(MRIO)data and the social network analysis(SNA)method to delineate the levels and variation trends of this industrial convergence across the RCEP member countries.It then delves into the positive effects of this convergence phenomenon on the trade and investment fields of the member countries.The research findings indicate:(a)In 2006 and 2015,before the implementation of the RCEP,the RCEP member countries displayed a relatively close industrial convergence.The convergence levels exhibited a general upward trend on both the supply and the demand sides,but there were significant disparities in the levels of industrial convergence among the member countries.Furthermore,while the convergence in the three economic sectors showed an increasing trend,the development was uneven across the board.(b)Since the implementation of the RCEP,the trade ties among the member countries within the region have strengthened significantly,and the interplay between the countries’industrial and supply chains has been characterized by high-quality collaboration and demonstrated remarkable resilience.In addition,the convergence in the investment fields of the RCEP member countries and their respective industries has unleashed a wave of positive synergies.These findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a robust foundation for formulating effective policies to advance the growth and prosperity of the RCEP region.

Requirements for Submissions

Manuscripts must generally be prepared according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.Formatting instructions for tables,figures,references,metrics,and abstracts appear in the APA Manual.Guidance on APA Style is available on the APA Style website(http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx).

Enhanced DDoS Detection Using Advanced Machine Learning and Ensemble Techniques in Software Defined Networking

Detecting sophisticated cyberattacks,mainly Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,with unexpected patterns remains challenging in modern networks.Traditional detection systems often struggle to mitigate such attacks in conventional and software-defined networking(SDN)environments.While Machine Learning(ML)models can distinguish between benign and malicious traffic,their limited feature scope hinders the detection of new zero-day or low-rate DDoS attacks requiring frequent retraining.In this paper,we propose a novel DDoS detection framework that combines Machine Learning(ML)and Ensemble Learning(EL)techniques to improve DDoS attack detection and mitigation in SDN environments.Our model leverages the“DDoS SDN”dataset for training and evaluation and employs a dynamic feature selection mechanism that enhances detection accuracy by focusing on the most relevant features.This adaptive approach addresses the limitations of conventional ML models and provides more accurate detection of various DDoS attack scenarios.Our proposed ensemble model introduces an additional layer of detection,increasing reliability through the innovative application of ensemble techniques.The proposed solution significantly enhances the model’s ability to identify and respond to dynamic threats in SDNs.It provides a strong foundation for proactive DDoS detection and mitigation,enhancing network defenses against evolving threats.Our comprehensive runtime analysis of Simultaneous Multi-Threading(SMT)on identical configurations shows superior accuracy and efficiency,with significantly reduced computational time,making it ideal for real-time DDoS detection in dynamic,rapidly changing SDNs.Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves outstanding performance,outperforming traditional algorithms with 99%accuracy using Random Forest(RF)and K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and 98%accuracy using XGBoost.

Guidelines

Instructions for Submissions All manuscripts should be submitted in a single file(including text,notes,references,figures,and tables)in MS-Word(doc)or Ado-be Acrobat(pdf)format only by email to asiaar@163.com.Authors submitting papers by normal mail or courier will automatically be re-quested to provide an electronie of their paper,and the refereeing process will not commence until after the electronic version is received by the Editorial Office.Once a paper has been accepted for publication,authors who submitted their papers in Adobe Acrobat(pdf)for-mat will be required to provide the final publication version of their paper in MS-Word(doc).The preferred format for the final publica-tion version of graphs and charts is eps format,but Excel format is also acceptable.Excel format is acceptable for the final publication version of Tables.