The elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have comparatively major impact on the forming process of tailor-welded blanks. A few scholars investigated the elastoplastic mechanica...The elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have comparatively major impact on the forming process of tailor-welded blanks. A few scholars investigated the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone, but they only simply assumed that it was a uniform distribution elastoplastic material different from the base materials. Four types of tailor-welded blanks which consist of ST12 and 304 stainless steel plates are selected as the research objects, the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blanks weld and heat affected zone metals are obtained based on the nanoindentation tests, and the Erichsen cupping tests are conducted by combining numerical simulation with physical experiment. The nanoindentation tests results demonstrate that the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals are not only different from the base materials, but also varying between the weld metals and the heat affected zone metals. Comparing the Erichsen cupping test resulted from numerical with that from experimental method, it is found that the numerical value of Erichsen cupping test which consider the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have a good agreement with the experimental result, and the relative error is only 4.8%. The proposed research provides good solutions for the inhomogeneous elastoplastic mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blanks weld and heat affected zone metals, and improves the control performance of tailor-welded blanks forming accuracy.展开更多
The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel...The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel and Q235 steel were selected for laser tailor welding,which obtained boron/Q235 steel tailor-welded blanks(TWBs). The method of welding with synchronous thermal field(WSTF) was utilized to eliminate the mismatch effects in TWBs. The WSTF was employed to adjust cooling rates of welded joints, thereby intervening in the solidification behaviors and phase transition of the molten pool. Boron/Q235 steel was welded by laser under conventional and WSTF(300-600 ℃) conditions, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of weld and HAZ(boron) was adequately transitioned to ferrites and pearlites instead of abundant martensite by WSTF. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of microhardness and yield strength between various regions of welded joints was greatly reduced, and the overall plasticity of welded joints was enhanced by WSTF. It is indicated that WSTF can effectively contribute to reducing plastic gradient and achieving mechanical congruity in welded joints by restraining the generation of hardbrittle phase, which could significantly improve the formability of TWBs in subsequent hot stamping.展开更多
In this study,the forming behaviour of dissimilar welded blanks was studied.Welded blanks were prepared with friction stir welding processwith different types of tool pin profiles.Welded blanks were developed with fix...In this study,the forming behaviour of dissimilar welded blanks was studied.Welded blanks were prepared with friction stir welding processwith different types of tool pin profiles.Welded blanks were developed with fixedfriction stir welding process parameters by varying the tool pin profiles.The forming behaviour of welded blanks were analyzed with the limiting dome height test in biaxial stretch forming condition.The results reveal that the formability of welded joints are made with the square pin tool exhibited a better formabilitybehaviour when compared with other profiled tools,this is due to sufficient amount heat generation and high static volume to dynamic volume ratio.展开更多
The process of laser bull welding of zinc-coated steel（SGCD3 and WLZn）blanks was presented.whose edges were prepared by laser cutting.The properties of the butt joints.such as tensile strength.bending,stamping.weld ...The process of laser bull welding of zinc-coated steel（SGCD3 and WLZn）blanks was presented.whose edges were prepared by laser cutting.The properties of the butt joints.such as tensile strength.bending,stamping.weld shape,and corrosion-resisant were tested.The experiments of laser cutting and welding were carried ont on a custom-made system designed.which is a set of equipment for wide sheet butt welding based on a laser cutting-welding combination process.The experiments proved the technological feasibility of laser butt welding for thin zinc coated steel sheets whose edges were prepared by laser cutting on the same equipment.展开更多
Laser blank welding is becoming more and more important in the automotive industry and the quality of the weld is critical for a successful application. A fully automated solution is required to inspect the quality of...Laser blank welding is becoming more and more important in the automotive industry and the quality of the weld is critical for a successful application. A fully automated solution is required to inspect the quality of the blanks. This paper presents a vision inspection system with a CMOS camera which uses ART2 network to inspect the defects on-line to obtain the geometry and the quality of the weld seam. The neural network ART2 has the capability of self-learning fiom the environment. It can distinguish the defects that have been learned before and give new outputs for new defects. So ART2 network is suitable for weld quality inspection in laser blank welding. Additionally, a CO2 laser is used for the blank butt-welding.展开更多
In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis...In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis, in particular, for friction stir welded（FSW） blanks due to the large width and good formability of its weld seam. The inhomogeneous mechanical properties across weld seam need to be well characterized for an accurate FE analysis. Based on a similar AA5182 FSW blank, the metallographic observation and micro-Vickers hardness analysis upon the weld cross-section are performed to identify the interfaces of different sub-zones, i.e., heat affected zone（HAZ）, thermal-mechanically affected zone（TMAZ） and weld nugget（WN）. Based on the rule of mixture and hardness distribution, a constitutive model is established for each sub-zone to characterize the inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam. Uniaxial tensile tests of the AA5182 FSW blank are performed with the aid of digital image correlation（DIC） techniques. Experimental local stress-strain curves are obtained for different weld sub-zones. The experimental results show good agreement with those derived from the constitutive models, which demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of these models. The proposed research gives an accurate characterization of inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam produced by FSW, which provides solutions for improving the FE simulation accuracy of FSW sheet forming.展开更多
CO2 laser beam welding of aluminum alloys with different thicknesses was carried out. The influences of laser power and travel speed on the weld width were analyzed. The mechanical characteristics of tailor-welded bla...CO2 laser beam welding of aluminum alloys with different thicknesses was carried out. The influences of laser power and travel speed on the weld width were analyzed. The mechanical characteristics of tailor-welded blanks (TWB) with unequal thickness were evaluated using tensile tests, and the fracture appearance was inspected after tensile tests. The microstructure of welded joints was analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that this alloy can be laser welded with full penetration. All the tensile specimens fracture on the base metal, far from the weld in the transverse direction. The tensile strength and yield strength of TWB are 89% and 91.2% compared with the base metal. The percentage of the thinner plate in the specimen has an important effect on the transverse elongation. The transverse elongation of TWB approaches that of the base metal when the thinner plate has a large percentage in TWB specimen. The weld microstructure shows extra-fine grains. Dendrite exists around weld fusion line and the equiaxed grains in the weld.展开更多
To further reduce the weight of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) parts,the thicker material of conventional TWBs were replaced by high-strength steel (HSS).However,designers need to determine the thickness of HSS sheet by ...To further reduce the weight of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) parts,the thicker material of conventional TWBs were replaced by high-strength steel (HSS).However,designers need to determine the thickness of HSS sheet by trial and error,without theoretical foundation.In this paper,analytical models were developed to predict the thickness or the mechanical parameters of HSS sheet.In the case of limit dome height (LDH) tests,simulations and experiments were performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed models in terms of LDH and weld line movement.Comparison to numerical and experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the methodology.The analytical models can predict the mechanical characteristics or the thickness of HSS sheet used in place of the thicker side of TWBs,which provide designers a valuable tool to design HSS TWBs.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51275444)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20121333110003)Natural Science Foundation-Steel and Iron Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2014203271)
文摘The elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have comparatively major impact on the forming process of tailor-welded blanks. A few scholars investigated the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone, but they only simply assumed that it was a uniform distribution elastoplastic material different from the base materials. Four types of tailor-welded blanks which consist of ST12 and 304 stainless steel plates are selected as the research objects, the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blanks weld and heat affected zone metals are obtained based on the nanoindentation tests, and the Erichsen cupping tests are conducted by combining numerical simulation with physical experiment. The nanoindentation tests results demonstrate that the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals are not only different from the base materials, but also varying between the weld metals and the heat affected zone metals. Comparing the Erichsen cupping test resulted from numerical with that from experimental method, it is found that the numerical value of Erichsen cupping test which consider the elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected zone metals have a good agreement with the experimental result, and the relative error is only 4.8%. The proposed research provides good solutions for the inhomogeneous elastoplastic mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blanks weld and heat affected zone metals, and improves the control performance of tailor-welded blanks forming accuracy.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01299)school-enterprise cooperation project supported by Shandong Hongao Automotive Lightweight Technology Co.,Ltd.
文摘The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel and Q235 steel were selected for laser tailor welding,which obtained boron/Q235 steel tailor-welded blanks(TWBs). The method of welding with synchronous thermal field(WSTF) was utilized to eliminate the mismatch effects in TWBs. The WSTF was employed to adjust cooling rates of welded joints, thereby intervening in the solidification behaviors and phase transition of the molten pool. Boron/Q235 steel was welded by laser under conventional and WSTF(300-600 ℃) conditions, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of weld and HAZ(boron) was adequately transitioned to ferrites and pearlites instead of abundant martensite by WSTF. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of microhardness and yield strength between various regions of welded joints was greatly reduced, and the overall plasticity of welded joints was enhanced by WSTF. It is indicated that WSTF can effectively contribute to reducing plastic gradient and achieving mechanical congruity in welded joints by restraining the generation of hardbrittle phase, which could significantly improve the formability of TWBs in subsequent hot stamping.
文摘In this study,the forming behaviour of dissimilar welded blanks was studied.Welded blanks were prepared with friction stir welding processwith different types of tool pin profiles.Welded blanks were developed with fixedfriction stir welding process parameters by varying the tool pin profiles.The forming behaviour of welded blanks were analyzed with the limiting dome height test in biaxial stretch forming condition.The results reveal that the formability of welded joints are made with the square pin tool exhibited a better formabilitybehaviour when compared with other profiled tools,this is due to sufficient amount heat generation and high static volume to dynamic volume ratio.
文摘The process of laser bull welding of zinc-coated steel（SGCD3 and WLZn）blanks was presented.whose edges were prepared by laser cutting.The properties of the butt joints.such as tensile strength.bending,stamping.weld shape,and corrosion-resisant were tested.The experiments of laser cutting and welding were carried ont on a custom-made system designed.which is a set of equipment for wide sheet butt welding based on a laser cutting-welding combination process.The experiments proved the technological feasibility of laser butt welding for thin zinc coated steel sheets whose edges were prepared by laser cutting on the same equipment.
文摘Laser blank welding is becoming more and more important in the automotive industry and the quality of the weld is critical for a successful application. A fully automated solution is required to inspect the quality of the blanks. This paper presents a vision inspection system with a CMOS camera which uses ART2 network to inspect the defects on-line to obtain the geometry and the quality of the weld seam. The neural network ART2 has the capability of self-learning fiom the environment. It can distinguish the defects that have been learned before and give new outputs for new defects. So ART2 network is suitable for weld quality inspection in laser blank welding. Additionally, a CO2 laser is used for the blank butt-welding.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51375346)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20110072110056)
文摘In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis, in particular, for friction stir welded（FSW） blanks due to the large width and good formability of its weld seam. The inhomogeneous mechanical properties across weld seam need to be well characterized for an accurate FE analysis. Based on a similar AA5182 FSW blank, the metallographic observation and micro-Vickers hardness analysis upon the weld cross-section are performed to identify the interfaces of different sub-zones, i.e., heat affected zone（HAZ）, thermal-mechanically affected zone（TMAZ） and weld nugget（WN）. Based on the rule of mixture and hardness distribution, a constitutive model is established for each sub-zone to characterize the inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam. Uniaxial tensile tests of the AA5182 FSW blank are performed with the aid of digital image correlation（DIC） techniques. Experimental local stress-strain curves are obtained for different weld sub-zones. The experimental results show good agreement with those derived from the constitutive models, which demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of these models. The proposed research gives an accurate characterization of inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam produced by FSW, which provides solutions for improving the FE simulation accuracy of FSW sheet forming.
基金Project(3ZS041-A25-031) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, ChinaProjects(Z2004-1-62008) supported by the "Chunhui Plan" of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘CO2 laser beam welding of aluminum alloys with different thicknesses was carried out. The influences of laser power and travel speed on the weld width were analyzed. The mechanical characteristics of tailor-welded blanks (TWB) with unequal thickness were evaluated using tensile tests, and the fracture appearance was inspected after tensile tests. The microstructure of welded joints was analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that this alloy can be laser welded with full penetration. All the tensile specimens fracture on the base metal, far from the weld in the transverse direction. The tensile strength and yield strength of TWB are 89% and 91.2% compared with the base metal. The percentage of the thinner plate in the specimen has an important effect on the transverse elongation. The transverse elongation of TWB approaches that of the base metal when the thinner plate has a large percentage in TWB specimen. The weld microstructure shows extra-fine grains. Dendrite exists around weld fusion line and the equiaxed grains in the weld.
基金Ministry of Education of PRC for the financial support through Ph.D.Programs Foundation
文摘To further reduce the weight of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) parts,the thicker material of conventional TWBs were replaced by high-strength steel (HSS).However,designers need to determine the thickness of HSS sheet by trial and error,without theoretical foundation.In this paper,analytical models were developed to predict the thickness or the mechanical parameters of HSS sheet.In the case of limit dome height (LDH) tests,simulations and experiments were performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed models in terms of LDH and weld line movement.Comparison to numerical and experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the methodology.The analytical models can predict the mechanical characteristics or the thickness of HSS sheet used in place of the thicker side of TWBs,which provide designers a valuable tool to design HSS TWBs.
