结合Pixel2style2Pixel的年龄转化方法

年龄转化在刑侦、人脸识别等领域有着重要作用。常见的年龄转化方法需要使用成对带有年龄注释的数据集进行训练,并且存在生成图像质量低、年龄语义信息不够解耦等问题。针对上述问题,在Pix2style2Pix的训练框架中,引入年龄识别、contextual损失函数,对整体损失函数做出符合年龄转化的改进,提取年龄信息并保证图像质量。改进编码网络配合损失函数对潜在空间的图像进行编辑,提出一种基于Pixel2style2Pixel的年龄转化方法。通过FFHQ、CelebA数据集,对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明,在不采用成对年龄注释的训练集下,改进后的损失函数能生成更符合期望年龄的转化图像,人脸相似度距离为0.346、FID为45.69、SSIM为0.593 6、PSNR为19.64 dB,均优于对比方法,证明所提方法能够生成高质量、年龄语义高度解耦的转化结果。

Effect of multiple coulomb scattering on the beam tests of silicon pixel detectors

In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and performance evaluation.When the beam energy is low,the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution of the Device Under Test(DUT)must be considered to accurately evaluate the performance of the pixel chips and detectors.This study aimed to investigate the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution,particularly at low beam energies.Simulations were conducted using Allpix^(2) to study the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering under different beam energies,material budgets,and telescope layouts.The simulations also provided the minimum energy at which the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering could be ignored.Compared with the results of a five-layer detector system tested with an electron beam at DESY,the simulation results were consistent with the beam test results,confirming the reliability of the simulations.

Steganography in binary image by checking data-carrying eligibility of boundary pixels

We present a novel scheme for embedding secret data into a binary image without introducing noticeable artifacts. Unlike some block-based methods, the proposed scheme encodes the secret bits directly into boundary pixels by checking each pixel of the cover image in a pseudo-random order for embedding eligibility. A set of rules ensures correct identification of data-carrying pixels in blind extraction. The proposed scheme does not generate isolated dots, and can incorporate various coding methods such as matrix encoding to further improve the embedding performance. It is shown that up to one fourth of the boundary pixels may be used to carry secret data. Experimental results indicate that the method can achieve good visual quality with fairly large data capacity.

Design of CMOS active pixels based on finger-shaped PPD

To improve the full-well capacity and linear dynamic range of CMOS image sensor,a special finger-shaped pinned photodiode(PPD)is designed.In terms of process,the first N-type ion implantation of the PPD N buried layer is extended under the transfer gate,thereby increasing the PPD capacitance.Based on TCAD simulation,the width and spacing of PPD were precisely adjusted.A high full-well capacity pixel design with a pixel size of 6×6μm^2 is realized based on the 0.18μm CMOS process.The simulation results indicate that the pixel with the above structure and process has a depletion depth of 2.8μm and a charge transfer efficiency of 100%.The measurement results of the test chip show that the full-well capacity can reach 68650 e–.Compared with the conventional structure,the proposed PPD structure can effectively improve the full well capacity of the pixel.

MOS-based model of four-transistor CMOS image sensor pixels for photoelectric simulation

By using the MOS-based model established in this paper, the physical process of photoelectron generation, transfer,and storage in the four-transistor active pixel sensor(4 T-APS) pixels can be simulated in SPICE environment. The variable capacitance characteristics of double junctions in pinned photodiodes(PPDs) and the threshold voltage difference formed by channel nonuniform doping in transfer gates(TGs) are considered with this model. The charge transfer process of photogenerated electrons from PPDs to the floating diffusion(FD) is analyzed, and the function of nonuniform doping of TGs in suppressing charge injection back to PPDs is represented with the model. The optical and electrical characteristics of all devices in the pixel are effectively combined with the model. Moreover, the charge transfer efficiency and the voltage variation in PPD can be described with the model. Compared with the hybrid simulation in TCAD and the Verilog-A simulation in SPICE, this model has higher simulation efficiency and accuracy, respectively. The effectiveness of the MOS-based model is experimentally verified in a 3 μm test pixel designed in 0.11 μm CIS process.

Pixel 2940nm点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗肢端型白癜风的临床观察

目的:观察Pixel 2 940 nm点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗肢端型白癜风的临床效果。方法:选取梅州市第二中医医院2019年5月-2021年5月收治的肢端型白癜风患者62例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,各31例。对照组予以他克莫司软膏治疗,治疗组予以Pixel 2 940 nm点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗。两组均以12周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。对比两组临床疗效、不良反应发生率和复发率。结果:治疗12、24周后,治疗组总有效率(45.16%、70.97%)均明显高于对照组(19.35%、41.94%)(P<0.05);治疗期间对照组不良反应发生率为12.90%,明显低于治疗组的41.94%(P<0.05);治疗组复发率为4.55%(1/22),低于对照组的61.54%(8/13)(P<0.05)。结论:Pixel 2 940 nm点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗肢端型白癜风虽会增加不良反应,但见效快,临床疗效好,能够显著降低复发率,值得在临床上推广应用。

Hi'CT:a pixel sensor-based device for ion tomography

Carbon ions,commonly referred to as particle therapy,have become increasingly popular in the last decade.Accurately predicting the range of ions in tissues is important for the precise delivery of doses in heavy-ion radiotherapy.Range uncertainty is currently the largest contributor to dose uncertainty in normal tissues,leading to the use of safety margins in treatment planning.One potential method is the direct relative stopping measurement(RSP)with ions.Heavy-ion CT(Hi′CT),a compact segmented full digital tomography detector using monolithic active pixel sensors,was designed and evaluated using a 430 MeV/u high-energy carbon ion pencil beam in Geant4.The precise position of the individual carbon ion track can be recorded and reconstructed using a 30μm×30μm small pixel pitch size.Two types of customized image reconstruction algorithms were developed,and their performances were evaluated using three different modules of CAT-PHAN 600-series phantoms.The RSP measurement accuracy of the tracking algorithm for different types of materials in the CTP404 module was less than 1%.In terms of spatial resolution,the tracking algorithm could achieve a 20%modulation transfer function normalization value of CTP528 imaging results at 5 lp/cm,which is significantly better than that of the fast imaging algorithm(3 lp/cm).The density resolution obtained using the tracking algorithm of the customized CTP515 was approximately 10.5%.In conclusion,a compact digital Hi'CT system was designed,and its nominal performance was evaluated in a simulation.The RSP resolution and image quality provide potential feasibility for scanning most parts of an adult body or pediatric patient,particularly for head and neck tumor treatment.

Time Series Analysis on the Ratio for Pixels with Abnormal Brightness Temperature Increase and Its Variation Before Some Earthquakes with M_S≥5.0 in the Taiwan Region

In the study of the application of MODIS satellite remote sensing data to earthquake prediction, the paper puts forward for the first time a quantitative method to estimate the ratio for the pixels with abnormal brightness temperature (BT) increase and a preliminary scheme for cloud removal. The principle is that, firstly, the cloudless data observed by the same satellite at the same period of time but in different days (usually 1 day to 3 days) are mosaiced to get high ratio of clear sky, and then the BT variation curve and mean square difference (MSD) of each pixel are calculated with the data from the covered area to determine daily whether the BT data of the day is normal or not at a certain pixel by using double the MSD as the criterion. The ratio for the pixels with abnormal BT increase can be calculated by dividing the total number of abnormal pixels with the total pixels of the whole area. Analysis on a series of recent earthquakes in the Taiwan Region shows that the ratio for pixels with abnormal BT increase, which normally undulates around zero, has a sudden enhancement 1 day to 20 days before medium-strong earthquakes. It is expected that a new method for identifying earthquake auspice could be found through special studies in regions with frequent seismic activity by analyzing the change of the ratio for the pixels with abnormal BT increase from MODIS satellite remote sensing infrared (IR) information from which the effect of clouds has been removed to a certain extent.

Integration of spatial attractions between and within pixels for sub-pixel mapping

As a promising technique to enhance the spatial reso- lution of remote sensing imagery, sub-pixel mapping is processed based on the spatial dependence theory with the assumption that the land cover is spatially dependent both within pixels and be- tween them. The spatial attraction is used as a tool to describe the dependence. First, the spatial attractions between pixels, sub- pixel/pixel spatial attraction model （SPSAM）, are described by the modified SPSAM （MSPSAM） that estimates the attractions accord- ing to the distribution of sub-pixels within neighboring pixels. Then a mixed spatial attraction model （MSAM） for sub-pixel mapping is proposed that integrates the spatial attractions both within pix- els and between them. According to the expression of the MSAM maximumising the spatial attraction, the genetic algorithm is em- ployed to search the optimum solution and generate the sub-pixel mapping results. Experiments show that compared with SPSAM, MSPSAM and pixel swapping algorithm modified by initialization from SPSAM （MPS）, MSAM can provide higher accuracy and more rational sub-pixel mapping results.

A variation pixels identification method based on kernel spatial attraction model and local entropy for robust endmember extraction

A variation pixels identification method was proposed aiming at depressing the effect of variation pixels, which dilates the theoretical hyperspectral data simplex and misguides volume evaluation of the simplex. With integration of both spatial and spectral information, this method quantitatively defines a variation index for every pixel. The variation index is proportional to pixels local entropy but inversely proportional to pixels kernel spatial attraction. The number of pixels removed was modulated by an artificial threshold factor α. Two real hyperspectral data sets were employed to examine the endmember extraction results. The reconstruction errors of preprocessing data as opposed to the result of original data were compared. The experimental results show that the number of distinct endmembers extracted has increased and the reconstruction error is greatly reduced. 100% is an optional value for the threshold factor α when dealing with no prior knowledge hyperspectral data.

Simulation study of BESⅢwith stitched CMOS pixel detector using AcTs

The reconstruction of the tracks of charged particles with high precision is crucial for HEP experiments to achieve their physics goals.The BESⅢdrift chamber,which is used as the tracking detector of the BESⅢexperiment,has suffered from aging effects resulting in degraded tracking performance after operation for approximately 15 years.To preserve and enhance the tracking performance of BESⅢ,one of the proposals is to add one layer of a thin cylindrical CMOS pixel sensor based on state-of-the-art stitching technology between the beam pipe and the drift chamber.The improvement in the tracking performance of BESⅢwith such an additional pixel detector compared to that with only the existing drift chamber was studied using the modern common tracking software Acts,which provides a set of detector-agnostic and highly performant tracking algorithms that have demonstrated promising performance for a few high-energy physics and nuclear physics experiments.

Development and preliminary results of a large-pixel two-layer LaBr_(3) Compton camera prototype

Lanthanum bromide(LaBr_(3))crystal has a high energy resolution and time resolution and has been used in Compton cameras(CCs)over the past few decades.However,LaBr_(3) crystal arrays are difficult to process because LaBr_(3) is easy to crack and break;thus,few LaBr_(3)-based CC prototypes have been built.In this study,we designed and fabricated a large-pixel LaBr_(3) CC prototype and evaluated its performance with regard to position,energy,and angular resolution.We used two 10×10 LaBr_(3) crystal arrays with a pixel size of 5 mm×5 mm,silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs),and corresponding decoding circuits to construct our prototype.Additionally,a framework based on a Voronoi diagram and a lookup table was developed for list-mode projection data acquisition.Monte Carlo(MC)simulations based on Geant4 and experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of our CC prototype.The lateral position resolution was 5 mm,and the maximum deviation in the depth direction was 2.5 and 5 mm for the scatterer and absorber,respectively.The corresponding measured energy resolu-tions were 7.65%and 8.44%,respectively,at 511 keV.The experimental results of ^(137)Cs point-like sources were consistent with the MC simulation results with regard to the spatial positions and full widths at half maximum(FWHMs).The angular resolution of the fabricated prototype was approximately 6°when a point-like ^(137)Cs source was centrally placed at a distance of 5 cm from the scatterer.We proposed and investigated a large-pixel LaBr_(3) CC for the first time and verified its feasibility for use in accurate spatial positioning of radiative sources with a high angular resolution.The proposed CC can satisfy the requirements of radiative source imaging and positioning in the nuclear industry and medical applications.

近20年北方草原生态价值核算及其时空差异特征

草原是我国重要的陆地生态系统和自然资源,具有多元生态服务,探索草原生态价值核算方法对于草原保护修复与可持续管理具有重要意义,但当前草原生态价值尚未形成公认的评估框架和准确的核算方法。定位于北方草原,以内蒙古天然草原为典型案例区,提出了“支持-供给-调节-文化”服务价值四类共计19项的草原生态价值评估体系,基于地面采样、野外观测、遥感解译、模型模拟和统计等多源数据,在像元尺度上核算了2000—2020年草原生态价值并分析其空间分异特征和动态演变规律。结果表明:近20年来内蒙古草原生态价值多年均值为17640.60亿元/a,约为自治区同期国内生产总值(GDP)(8607.23亿元/a)的2.05倍,每公顷草原提供的生态价值为2.34万元/hm^(2),总体呈现“东北高—西南低”的空间分布格局特征。其中,草原调节服务价值最高,多年均值6676.44亿元/a,占比53.68%;其次为草原支持服务价值,多年均值为6293.96亿元/a,占比35.13%;草原供给和文化服务价值多年均值分别为3796.27亿元/a(6.24%)和873.93亿元/a(4.95%)。从具体指标来看,防风固沙价值量最高(5858.86亿元/a和33.21%);从各地区来看,锡林郭勒盟草原生态价值最高(4701.81亿元/a和26.65%)。20年间,草原生态价值呈显著增加趋势(439.45亿元/a,P<0.05),其中以草原文化服务价值增加最为明显。本方法和案例可为量化草原生态价值提供参考范式,并有助于生态产品价值实现机制的建立,推动草原侵占用等生态补偿方案的优化。

Fast Stereo Matching Fully Utilizing Super-Pixels

In this paper, we propose a depth image generation method by stereo matching on super-pixel (SP) basis. In the proposed method, block matching is performed only at the center of the SP, and the obtained disparity is applied to all pixels of the SP. Next, in order to improve the disparity, a new SP-based cost filter is introduced. This filter multiplies the matching cost of the surrounding SP by a weight based on reliability and similarity and sums the weighted costs of neighbors. In addition, we propose two new error checking methods. One-way check uses only a unidirectional disparity estimation with a small amount of calculation to detect errors. Cross recovery uses cross checking and error recovery to repair lacks of objects that are problematic with SP-based matching. As a result of the experiment, the execution time of the proposed method using the one-way check was about 1/100 of the full search, and the accuracy was almost equivalent. The accuracy using cross recovery exceeded the full search, and the execution time was about 1/60. Speeding up while maintaining accuracy increases the application range of depth images.

基于时域波形特征认知的输电线路近端故障辨识与定位

针对现有单端行波故障测距对近端故障存在测距盲区、双端行波故障测距对近端故障测距误差较大,无法满足工程需要的不足,提出基于波形特征认知的近端故障辨识与定位方法。首先,分析了线路故障行波传播规律,以固定分辨率显示波形。发现线路近端故障时,初始行波及其后续波形在长时窗整体宏观观测下呈堆叠缓变特征,而在短时窗局部放大观测下呈周期性变化特征,且周期与故障距离相关。不同线路的近端故障历史样本能统一作为参照基准为测距提供提示。进而提出基于波形密度和突变分布的近端故障辨识方法。最后,对辨识出的近端故障进行周期估计,利用近端故障与线长的无关性以及历史样本突变周期和故障位置已知性,搜索周期最近邻历史样本,并由已知故障距离插值实现故障位置确定。基于大量实测数据进行仿真测试,结果表明所提方法能够显著提升单端行波测距可靠性和成功率。

基于混合像元分解的分蘖期水稻基本苗数量估测方法研究

基本苗数量是反映水稻健康水平的重要依据,在分蘖期精准估测水稻基本苗数量可以指导后期的施肥量,从而调控水稻的最佳分蘖数。同时,对水稻长势监测和产量预测具有非常重要的意义。针对传统田间人工统计基本苗数量耗时长、成本高等问题,以江苏大学附属农场镇江润果农场分蘖期水稻为研究对象,利用大疆无人机(M600 Pro型)搭载多光谱相机(Rededge-MX型)获取水稻分蘖期多光谱数据,对原始图像进行图像拼接、辐射校正、几何校正等预处理操作,根据像元纯度系数提取土壤端元和植被端元,建立波谱库,然后按照完全约束最小二乘法的方法执行混合像元分解,构建植被覆盖度和水稻基本苗数量的回归模型。该研究方法获得的模型决定系数R^(2)为0.891,均方根误差RMSE为4.6株/m^(2)。而传统的像元二分法模型(基于NDVI、VDVI和GNDVI植被指数计算植被覆盖度),其决定系数R2为0.834、0.744、0.642,其RMSE为5.7、7.1、8.4株/m^(2)。试验结果表明,基于完全约束最小二乘法的混合像元分解模型评价指标均优于像元二分法模型。本文基于混合像元分解方法有效提高了水稻基本苗统计精度,并且生成了水稻基本苗数量反演图,可以直观统计基本苗数量,为分蘖期水稻补苗、间苗提供指导。

一种集成图像处理功能的数字像元焦平面读出电路

设计了一种像元级数字化焦平面读出电路,克服了传统模拟读出电路技术的电荷容量局限,实现了更大的动态范围和更低噪声的数字化图像读出;同时在像元内部进行数字化图像处理,可实现非均匀校正(NUC)、盲元补偿、数字时间延迟积分(TDI)、空间滤波等图像预处理功能。该电路采用40 nm CMOS工艺流片,面阵规格为640×512,像元步进为30μm,全芯片尺寸约22 mm×19 mm。测试结果显示,该电路通过TDI、空间滤波功能可大幅降低(分别约90%和63%)输出图像空间噪声,提升成像质量。

基于机器视觉的木窗双端铣削加工尺寸测量方法

木窗是一种以木材或木质复合材料为主要构件的门窗产品,具有良好的生态性能和美观效果,适用于多种建筑形式和风格,其中木窗尺寸是衡量木窗加工是否合格的重要指标。对于传统木窗双端铣削加工中人工测量尺寸方式存在的精度低、效率低等问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的木窗双端铣削加工尺寸测量方法,以期提高尺寸测量精度及加工效率。该方法针对木窗厚度引起的透视效应,提出一种物平面提升法,以消除透视投影带来的误差。首先对木窗图像采取灰度化、平滑去噪、图像增强及轮廓分割等举措,完成图像预处理,提取出木窗内外轮廓区域。对轮廓区域应用Canny算子获取木窗像素级轮廓。通过优化的Zernike矩亚像素边缘提取算法对木窗像素级边缘进行更精确的定位,得到亚像素级轮廓坐标。通过最小二乘法联合RANSAC算法对亚像素轮廓坐标进行拟合,得到拟合轮廓及角点坐标,并使用透视矫正模型计算出木窗尺寸。实验利用3种厚度规格相同但尺寸不同的松木材质矩形木窗,分别测量其内框和外框的边框尺寸及对角线尺寸,并与对应的实际物理尺寸对比,验证了所提木窗尺寸测量方法的检测精度。研究结果表明,所提方法与实际物理尺寸值相比,其绝对误差范围在±0.12 mm之内,相对误差在±0.1%之内,且效率及精度高,可以满足对木窗的在线尺寸检测。

硅像素探测器X射线探测效率实验研究

X射线探测器经历了气体探测器和闪烁体探测器时代,进入了半导体探测器时代。作为一种新型的半导体探测器,硅像素探测器具有分辨率好、探测效率高、时间响应快、功耗低等特点。为了研究硅像素探测器X射线探测效率,设计了一套X射线探测系统,并进行了实验研究。实验分别测试了4.51、5.41、6.40、8.05 keV共4种不同能量的X射线的探测效率。后期进行了误差分析和数据处理,得到4种不同能量X射线正面入射时探测效率分别为53.00%、51.56%、40.65%和29.91%。该实验研究为寻找高探测效率的X射线探测器提供了一种新的思路。

基于优化Hough变换的铆接高度差亚像素检测方法研究

针对飞机铆接高度差的检测问题,提出了一种优化的Hough变换铆接高度差亚像素检测方法。该方法首先通过空间域点运算的灰度变换法对采集的铆接孔图像进行增强处理,然后利用局部阈值分割法进行图像分割,采用Canny算法进行边缘粗提取,再利用优化的Hough变换进行亚像素级的边缘精细提取,提取出铆接孔和铆钉钉头的圆环区域,最后结合RANSAC算法进行圆拟合,利用开发算子get_current_region_z()分别提取内外圆环区域的高度平均值,再通过函数height_Z()将所得的高度平均值作差即可得到铆接表面的高度差。经试验证明,该检测方法亚像素精确定位能力强,检测结果准确率高、稳定性好,重复测量精度可达到±10μm。