Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams for Cryogenic Insulation

Cryogenic insulation material rigid polyurethane(PU)foams were developed using bio-based and recycled feedstock.Polyols obtained from tall oil fatty acids produced as a side stream of wood biomass pulping and recycled polyethylene terephthalate were used to develop rigid PU foam formulations.The 4th generation physical blowing agents with low global warming potential and low ozone depletion potential were used to develop rigid PU foam cryogenic insulation with excellent mechanical and thermal properties.Obtained rigid PU foams had a thermal conductivity coefficient as low as 0.0171 W/m·K and an apparent density of 37-40 kg/m^(3).The developed rigid PU foams had anisotropic compression strength properties,which were higher parallel to the foaming direction.Moreover,the compression strength was also influenced by the type of applied bio-based polyol.The bio-based polyols with higher OH group functionality delivered higher crosslinking density of polymer matrix;thus,the mechanical properties were also higher.The mechanical strength of the foams increased when materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperature due to the stiffening of the polymer matrix.The thermal properties of the developed materials were determined using differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic mechanical analysis,and thermogravimetric analysis methods.Lastly,the developed rigid PU foams had good adhesion to the aluminium substrate before and after applying cyroshock and an excellent safety coefficient of 4-5.Rigid PU foams developed using Solstice LBA delivered adhesion strength of~0.5 MPa and may be considered for application as cryogenic insulation in the aerospace industry.

The Effect of Core Eccentricity on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Tall Buildings

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of core eccentricity on the structural behavior of concrete tall buildings.Concrete buildings of 55 floors with plan dimensions 48.0×48.0 m2 were investigated.Three cases of main core locations are studied:centric(A),eccentric by one sixth(B)and one third(C)of building width.The three-dimensional finite element method has been used in conducting structural analysis through ETABS software.Gravity and lateral(wind and seismic)loadings are applied to all building cases.It has been concluded that the core location is the prime parameter governing the structural behavior of tall buildings.Although the first two cases(A,B)have acceptable and similar structural behaviors conforming to code limits,in the third case(C),the building behavior came beyond code limits.The author introduced remedial action by adding two secondary cores in the opposite direction of the main core(C-R)to restore the building behavior to the code limits.The results of this action were satisfactory.

EXPERIMENT OF SMOKE-PREVENTING AIR CURTAINS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING FIRES

In high-rise building fires, the most immediate threat to passenger life and safety evacuation is the smoke inhalation. Some traditional models for smoke prevention and exhaust are analyzed and compared with the smoke-preventing air curtain. The rationality and the feasibility of the air curtain are theoretically expounded. The air volume, tuyere width and jet velocity in the air curtain experiment are designed according to the theoreti- cal calculation model. Experimental results indicate that the effect of air curtain to prevent smoke diffusion is re- markable as the volume ratio of air-smoke is about 0. 6, the jet angle is between 25^o and 35^o, and the jet thickness is between 25 mm and 45 mm. The efficiency of air curtain can reach 98% on the entraining effect. Meanwhile, experiments verify the theorectical calculation.

Effects of Drought Stress on Germination of Tall Fescue

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of drought stress on germination of tall fescue.[Method] Simulation drought experiment on 14 varieties of tall fescue seeds by PEG-6000 researched its germination effect under drought resistance.[Result] The relative germination rate of all tall fescue varieties declined with intensifying drought stress level with the water potential of-0.6 Mpa as the turning point;the relative germination rate of tall fescue existed linear relationship with drought stress：Y = 70.412X ＋ 103.11,r=0.988 8.The sensible water potential range was ≥-0.40 Mpa for tall fescue under drought stress.LC50 of water potential was-0.76 Mpa,the lethal water potential was-1.33 Mpa.Arid Ⅲ,Crossfire Ⅱ and Traple A had stronger drought resistant ability,but Pixie,Infero and Poppoint had weaker drought resistant ability.[Conclusion] This study had provided reference for cultivated pasture and drought resistant breeding.

Ben-tall手术后早期并发症的观察及护理

目的总结Ben-tall手术后早期并发症的发生情况及护理对策。方法对17例施行外科Ben-tall手术的患者资料进行回顾性分析,总结术后各种早期并发症的发生情况及相关护理对策。结果9例患者术后均出现不同程度的并发症,其中胸腔积液4例,心包填塞1例,脑部并发症2例,心律失常4例,低心排血量综合征1例。其中4例患者出现2项或2项以上并发症,经过精心治疗及护理,患者均痊愈出院。结论外科Ben-tall术后早期并发症严重,甚至危及生命,术后严密观察病情及护理是患者顺利康复的重要因素。

复配TAAL对家蚕微粒子病的治疗

２龄起蚕人工感染家蚕微孢子虫后，进行药物治疗，结果表明：同样浓度的ＴＡＡＬ的治疗效果优于多菌灵，用乳化剂８０１复配后的ＴＡＡＬ，其治疗效果更加明显。不同治疗时期复配ＴＡＡＬ的疗效明显不同，感染后７２小时施行治疗则体现不出治疗作用。５龄起蚕感染微孢子后，用复配ＴＡＡＬ进行治疗，其母蛾带毒率降低３０％左右。４龄起每日添食复配ＴＡＡＬ对原蚕的生长发育、茧质无不良影响。

Effects of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residues and Leaching for Different Kinds of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizers in Tall-fescue Soil

ObjectiveThe aim was to explore the movement of nitrate nitrogen in tall-fescue soils by different kinds of slow release nitrogen fertilizers. MethodBased on infiltration-tanks and test plots, a new and environment friendly fertilizer was explored. ResultThe results show that compared with urea treatment, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments could reduce nitrate nitrogen content and leaching amount in soils. Compared with PCU30 and IU treatments, the PCU60 treatment became more efficient in reducing nitrate content and leaching amount in 0-90 cm soil layer. ConclusionIn summary, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which can reduce soil nitrate content and leaching losses, is a kind of novel fertilizer with high environmental benefit and promising application.

急性T细胞白血病细胞变异型sil-tal1融合转录本和基因组DNA断裂点

本研究探究1例儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)的变异型sil-tal1融合转录本的序列。将PCR扩增产物克隆入质粒载体并测序,针对变异部分序列设计引物,对基因组DNA进行PCR扩增及序列比对。结果表明,在cDNA水平发现4种不同的融合转录本,分别保留了sil基因的部分外显子或内含子序列,并存在插入和删除现象。经分析白血病细胞的基因组DNA序列,发现了一种新的sil-tal1重组,其sil基因的断裂点在DNA水平上与文献报道不同。结论:此例患儿白血病细胞的tal1基因发生了新型重组,并表达经典型的和至少3种变异型的融合转录本,此现象可能是由于白血病细胞转录剪接机制异常所致。

MULTIMODAL CONTROL OF SEISMIC RESPONSES OF TALL BUILDINGS

Multimodal control for seismic responses of tall buildings is performed by using MTMDs. Installation and main parameters of MTMDs are described, equations of motion of the coupled system of tall buildings and MTMDs are built under earthquake excitations, and parametrical optimization for multimodal control is carried out under excitations of harmonic ground motion. An 11 story frame building controlled by MTMDs is simulated under the excitation of El Centro earthquake (1940, NS), and its displacement response at the top floor in the case of multimodal control is reduced by 20% more than the case of single modal control. Some conclusions are given as the MTMDs is an effective, reliable and practical passive measurement for controlling seismic responses of tall buildings and the multimodal control has better adaptability and reliability by comparison with the single modal control.

对带有自同态的模的注记

给出了带有一个自同态的tall模的定义,建立了这种模的几个充分必要条件,并研究了带有自同态的环与模的关系。

STIL和PRR11在宫颈癌组织的表达水平及其与淋巴结转移的相关性

目的:分析SCL/TALl断裂点(STIL)和富含脯氨酸蛋白11(PRR11)在宫颈癌组织的表达水平及其与淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:选择我院2020年1月至2022年1月收治的143例宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,术中收集患者宫颈癌组织和肿瘤邻近正常癌旁组织。采用蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)对癌组织和癌旁组织中STIL和PRR11蛋白水平进行检测;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对STIL和PRR11 mRNA水平进行检测;比较不同FIGO分期患者中STIL和PRR11蛋白水平;比较淋巴结转移和非转移患者中STIL和PRR11蛋白水平;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析STIL和PRR11水平对宫颈癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值,曲线下面积(AUC)表示诊断价值;采用Pearson分析STIL和PRR11蛋白表达之间的相关性。结果:宫颈癌组织中STIL、PRR11蛋白水平及其基因相对表达量均明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);FIGO分期越高,STIL、PRR11蛋白水平明显越高(P<0.05);淋巴结转移患者中STIL、PRR11蛋白水平均明显高于未转移(P<0.05);STIL蛋白、PRR11蛋白诊断宫颈癌淋巴结转移的AUC分为0.733、0.729(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,癌组织STIL和PRR11蛋白表达具有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。结论:STIL、PRR11在宫颈癌组织中呈现高表达,其表达量升高暗示宫颈癌患者出现淋巴结转移风险增加,可以评估宫颈癌淋巴结转移。

从加拿大18层木结构公寓项目看装配式建筑创新

加拿大作为可持续林业资源的大国,有着先进的木结构建筑技术以及完善的产业配套,发展装配式是木结构建筑的路径选择,其中的经验值得我们借鉴。文章叙述了加拿大可持续林业资源管理和木结构建筑行业技术的发展现状,并以在建时全球最高18层木结构大楼Brock Commons为例,从政策机制、技术体系、管理模式、施工组织几个方面,探讨了木结构建筑与装配式建筑的创新。最后结合国内发展现状,对木结构建筑的性能展开分析,包括建筑装配率评价等级、地震灾害地区适用性、绿色环保可再生、耐久性和宜居性。

Seismic response of tall building considering soil-pile-structure interaction

The seismic behavior of tall buildings can he greatly affected by non-linear soil-pile interaction during strong earthquakes.In this study a 20-storey building is examined as a typical structure supported on a pile foundation for different conditions:(1) rigid base,i.e.no deformation in the foundation:(2) linear soil-pile system;and (3) nonlinear soil-pile system. The effects of pile foundation displacements on the behavior of tall building are investigated,and compared with the behavior of buildings supported on shallow foundation.With a model of non-reflective boundary between the near field and far field, Novak's method of soil-pile interaction is improved.The computation method for vibration of pile foundations and DYNAN computer program are introduced comprehensively.A series of dynamic experiments have been done on full-scale piles, including single pile and group,linear vibration and nonlinear vibration,to verify the validity of boundary zone model.

Screening of Highly Effective Sinorhizobium meliloti Strains for 'Vector' Alfalfa and Testing of Its Competitive Nodulation Ability in the Field

Seventeen Sinorhizobium meliloti strains from seven provinces in China were used to screen highly effective strains for alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse study and their symbiotic relationship and competitive ability were studied in the field. CCBAU30138 was the most effective strain, as evidenced by increase in dry weights. A field experiment showed that the inoculation of alfalfa with CCBAU30138 resulted in increases of 11.9% and 19.6% of dry matter production and crude protein production, respectively, in forage of monocultured plants. The total dry matter yields of alfalfa and tall fescue in binary culture were increased by 16.3% by inoculation of alfalfa with this strain. These results showed that S. rneliloti strain CCBAU30138 was an effective inoculant both in the greenhouse and in the field. The analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） from nodule extracts showed that the strain CCBAU30138 had high competitiveness in the field. It occupied 47.5% of nodules in alfalfa monoculture and 44.4% of nodules in alfalfa-tall fescue binary culture after 20 weeks of growth. In conclusion, a simple system to select highly effective and competitive symbiotic strains specific to alfalfa was established. Using this system, a s.train suitable for the alfalfa cultivar ‘Vector＇ grown in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province was obtained.

Tropical deciduous forest in Yunnan,southwestern China:Implications for geological and climatic histories from a little-known forest formation

In the southern mountain ranges of Yunnan province,China,deep valleys of several large rivers create rain shadows with hot dry summers,and are locally designated tropical;towards the north,notably in the Lancang(Upper Mekong)valley,these regions may experience frost during winter.The woody forest canopy of these valleys is predominantly deciduous,with evergreen elements in the north,where the canopy is open and the forest savanna-like.However,we here present tall forest with a closed deciduous canopy and semi-evergreen subcanopy observed in hot dry valleys of these rivers and their tributaries in the tropical south.The structure and physiognomy of these forests resemble the tall(moist)deciduous forest formation widespread in South Asia and Indo-Burma.Furthermore,these forests are largely composed of tropical elements at both the generic(80%)and the species level(>70%),indicating that these forests are indeed tropical.We originally hypothesized that these isolated forests represent refugia of a pre-Holocene extension of tall(moist)deciduous forest formation of South Asia and Indo-Burma.The sample plot we established to test this hypothesis confirmed that these forests share the structure and physiognomy of the tall(moist)deciduous forest formation;however,the plots also showed that these forests lack the characteristic and dominant species of the formation's Indo-Burmese range.The tree flora,in particular,indicates that both deciduous and evergreen elements are instead mostly derived from the adjacent tropical semi-evergreen forests of tropical southern China;yet they also include an important endemic element,which implies that these forests have survived as refuges possibly since the Pliocene.The exceptional representation of evergreen elements in these forests indicates that they have rarely been subject to hot fires or domestic cattle browsing,adding to the unique nature of the forests and further justifying their strict conservation.

Implementation and comparative testing of turn-based algorithm for logit network loading

In order to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of the turn-based algorithm for logit loading （TALL）, the TALL is implemented using C＋＋, and it is compared with a combination of the network-expanding method and the Dial algorithm based on the analysis of algorithm procedures. The TALL uses the arc-labeling shortest path searching, bidirectional star and the deque structure to directly assign the traffic flow, while the Dial algorithm should be used in an expanded network. The test results over realistic networks of eight cities show the superior performance of the TALL algorithm over the combination of the network-expanding method and the Dial algorithm, and the average processing time is reduced by 55. 4%. Furthermore, it is found that the operational efficiency of the TALL relates to the original densities of the cities. The average processing time is reduced by 65. 1% when the original density is about 14%, but the advantage of the TALL is not obvious with the increase in the original density.

Modified consecutive modal pushover procedure for seismic investigation of one-way asymmetric-plan tall buildings

The effects of higher modes and torsion have a significant impact on the seismic responses of asymmetric-plan tall buildings. A consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure is one of the pushover methods that have been developed to consider these effects. The aim of this paper is to modify the (CMP) analysis procedure to estimate the seismic demands of one-way asymmetric-plan tall buildings with dual systems. An analysis of 10-, 15- and 20-story asymmetric-plan buildings is carried out, and the results from the modified consecutive modal pushover (MCMP) procedure are compared with those obtained from the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure and the nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA). The MCMP estimates of the seismic demands of one-way asymmetric-plan buildings demonstrate a reasonable accuracy, compared to the results obtained from the NLTHA. Furthermore, the accuracy of the MCMP procedure in the prediction of plastic hinge rotations is better than the MPA procedure. The new pushover procedure is also more accurate than the FEMA load distribution and the MPA procedure.

Recent progress of seismic research on tall buildings in China Mainland

As a result of rapid economic growth and urbanization in the past two decades,many tall buildings have been constructed in China Mainland,offering researchers and practitioners an excellent opportunity for research and practice in the field of structural engineering. This paper reviews progress by researchers throughout China Mainland on the seismic research of tall buildings,focusing on three major topics that impact the seismic performance of tall buildings. These are:(1) new types of steel-concrete composite structural members such as steel-concrete composite shear walls and columns,(2) earthquake resilient shear wall structures such as shear walls with replaceable structural components,self-centering shear walls and rocking walls,and(3) performance-based seismic design,including seismic performance index,performance level and design method. The paper concludes by presenting future research needs and directions in this field.

Tall Buildings with Dynamic Facade Under Winds

Burgeoning growth of tall buildings in urban areas around the world is placing new demands on their performance under winds.This involves selection of the building form that minimizes wind loads and structural topologies that efficiently transfer loads.Current practice is to search for optimal shapes,but this limits buildings with static or fixed form.Aerodynamic shape tailoring that consists of modifying the external form of the building has shown great promise in reducing wind loads and associated structural motions as reflected in the design of Taipei 101 and Burj Khalifa.In these buildings,corner modifications of the cross-section and tapering along the height are introduced.An appealing alternative is to design a building that can adapt its form to the changing complex wind environment in urban areas with clusters of tall buildings,i.e.,by implementing a dynamic facade.To leap beyond the static shape optimization,autonomous dynamic morphing of the building shape is advanced in this study,which is implemented through a cyber–physical system that fuses together sensing,computing,actuating,and engineering informatics.This approach will permit a building to intelligently morph its profile to minimize the source of dynamic wind load excitation,and holds the promise of revolutionizing tall buildings from conventional static to dynamic facades by taking advantage of the burgeoning advances in computational design.