Mitochondrial genomes of Tapes dorsatus and Cardita variegata:insights into Heteroconchia phylogeny

Heteroconchia,a widespread and abundant aquatic invertebrate,is an important clade of bivalve mollusks.The relationship between the three branches of Heteroconchia,Palaeoheterodonta,Archiheterodonta,and Euheterodonta has become a main controversy in molecular studies of the relationships between bivalves.In the present study,we assembled the complete mitochondrial genomes of Tapes dorsatus(Veneridae)and Cardita variegata(Carditidae)using high-throughput sequencing.C.variegata is the first mitochondrial genome belonging to the family Carditidae to be reported.We used 12 protein coding genes(excluding atp8)from the complete mitochondrial genomes of 146 species to recover the internal relationships of Heteroconchia.Our results support the traditional view of early branching of Palaeoheterodonta and the recovery of the monophyly of Palaeoheterodonta,Anomalodesmata,Imparidentia.Rearrangement analysis show that gene arrangement within Venerida was highly variable.Time-calibrated phylogenetic studies based on a relaxed molecular clock model suggested that Veneridae originated approximately 337.62 million years ago(Ma)and split into two major clades,whereas Carditidae originated approximately 510.09 Ma.Our results provide evidence of the internal relationships of Heteroconchia.

Tubular Heat Enhancement Using Twisted Tape Inserts with Large Holes

Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fillers inside the tubes to enhance heat transfer.This investigation considered the effects of twisted tapes with large holes on a tubular heat exchanger’s(HX)heat transmission,pressure drop,and thermal boosting factor.In the experimental section,counter-swirl flow generators used twisted tapes with pairs of 1.0 cm-diameter holes and changes in porosity(Rp)at 1.30%and 2.70%.In the experiments,air was utilized as a working fluid in a tube with a circular cross-section.The turbulent flow was considered,with Reynolds numbers(Re)domain from 4800 to 9500,and a boundary condition with a uniform wall heat flux was constructed.The findings expound that when the number of holes rose,the Nusselt number(Nu),the factor of friction(f),and the thermal enhancement factor(η)all increased as well.Additionally,as the friction factor increased,the Nusselt number of the tape-equipped tube was noticeably higher.Additionally,it was discovered that the friction factor was between 70%and 94%lower than the values of the tube without tape,while the(Nu)was between 87%and 97%higher than the conventional tube values.The maximum value ofηis 89%.According to the experimental results,empirical correlations for Nu,f,andηwere also generated.

TAPES模式在普外科护生带教中的应用

目的:探讨TAPES模式在普外科护生带教中的应用效果。方法:采用便利抽样法选择2016年1月1日~2019年12月31日92名普外科实习护生,随机分为观察组和对照组各46名,对照组采用常规带教模式,观察组采用TAPES模式带教。比较两组护生出科理论和操作考核成绩、不良事件发生情况、护生带教满意度、参加普外科护理相关读书报告和操作比赛获奖人数。结果:观察组出科理论和操作成绩高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组自主学习能力优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组护生对临床带教老师的满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组无护理不良事件发生,观察组参加普外科护理相关读书报告和操作比赛获奖人数多于对照组。结论:TAPES模式带教应用于临床护生的入科评估、教学活动的落实和评价反馈等各个环节,有利于明确教学目标,加强师生互动,提高教学质量,保证患者安全。

Numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of superconducting tape in conductor on round core cable using the cohesive zone model

Cables composed of rare-earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)tapes have been extensively used in various superconducting devices.In recent years,conductor on round core(CORC)cable has drawn the attention of researchers with its outstanding current-carrying capacity and mechanical properties.The REBCO tapes are wound spirally on the surface of CORC cable.Under extreme loadings,the REBCO tapes with layered composite structures are vulnerable,which can lead to degradation of critical current and even quenching of superconducting devices.In this paper,we simulate the deformation of CORC cable under external loads,and analyze the damage inside the tape with the cohesive zone model(CZM).Firstly,the fabrication and cabling of CORC are simulated,and the stresses and strains generated in the tape are extracted as the initial condition of the next step.Then,the tension and bending loads are applied to CORC cable,and the damage distribution inside the tape is presented.In addition,the effects of some parameters on the damage are discussed during the bending simulations.

Pipes with Trapezoidal Cut Twisted Tape Inserts in the Laminar Flow Regime:Nusselt Number and Friction Coefficient Analysis

The thermal behavior of pipes with a twisted tape inside(used to enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)is studied in the laminar flow regime.Oil is used as the work fluid with the corresponding Reynolds Number spanning the interval 200–2000.It is found that in such conditions the‘Nusselt Number’(Nu)gradually increases with reducing the tape twist ratio,whereas the friction factor is detrimentally affected by the presence of the tape(as witnessed by the comparison with the companion case where a plain tube is considered).In particular,it is shown that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved by nearly 69%if tape inserts with a relatively low twist ratio are used.On the basis of these findings,it is concluded that loose fit tape inserts are superior to tight fit tapes in terms of heat transfer and ease of replacement.

Analysis of Friction and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Tubes with Trapezoidal Cut Twisted Tape Inserts

The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to 1990.Tapes twisted with the three distinct twist ratios are considered,namely,6,4.4 and 3.Air is used as the working fluid in several tests.For the sake of comparison,the standard tube with no insert is also examined.It is shown that in the presence of the twisted tape,the‘frictional factor’,‘Nusselt Number’and the‘thermal performance factor’are much higher than those obtained for the plain tube.Moreover,the tapes having the lowest twist ratio,i.e.,3,are more effective than the others in terms of heat transfer augmentation.The‘thermal performance factor’is greater than one for all the twisted tapes used in the experiments,which confirms the enhanced performances of the heat exchanger and the related savings in terms of total energy.

3M^(TM) Acrylic Foam Tape 5363在轨道车辆按钮开关上的脱胶分析及工艺优化

随着中国轨道交通的发展,越来越多的轨交产品走出国门、走向世界,其中以地铁门系统最具特点。按钮开关作为门系统上的关键电子产品之一,有控制开、关门的作用,在国外被广泛采用到门系统上。其中设有盲文的按钮开关,因充分考虑特殊人群出行,深受国外客户的青睐。按钮开关盲文盖板粘接的可靠性就显得至关重要,要考虑列车不同的运行环境及各种外界因素,否则就会因为粘接不好,导致盲文盖板翘边或者脱落,引起客户的投诉和不满。企业不得不进行国外整改返修,耗费巨大的人力物力成本,也为公司带来巨大的质量损失。针对盲文盖板出现的粘接问题,对工艺路线进行总结优化,从源头上解决问题。

关节镜下Fiber Tape环形内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折近期效果分析

目的 探讨关节镜下Fiber Tape环形内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折(KACLAF)的近期效果。方法 回顾性分析南阳市中心医院骨二科2020-01—2022-02收治的66例KACLAF患者的临床资料。分为关节镜下Fiber Tape环形内固定组(A组)和开放内固定组(B组),各33例。比较2组围术期指标、手术前后国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)评分、Lysholm评分、膝关节活动度。统计并发症发生率。结果 A组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均短(少)于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月、6个月,A组患者的IKDC、Lysholm评分和膝关节活动度均高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访期间A组并发症总发生率低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 关节镜下Fiber Tape环形内固定治疗KACLAF患者,有利于优化围术期指标、提高膝关节功能、改善膝关节活动度,并可降低并发症发生风险。但其远期效果尚需继续开展大样本量的前瞻性随机对照研究予以证实。

框架结构对薄膜体声波谐振器性能提升的研究

本文研究了框架结构(Frame)对薄膜体声波谐振器(Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator,FBAR)提升性能的作用,从两种Frame结构对体声波能量的反射匹配基础理论出发,针对其功能特点,以实验的方式确定了低频和高频多组框架微结构的组合,对多组FBAR进行了版图绘制以及光刻流片,最终通过片上测试得到了所有分组的谐振器性能.对测试得到的性能进行了分组统计筛选,从测试结果来看,经过优选之后的Frame结构分组无论是对低频还是高频FBAR谐振器都具有提升性能的作用.对低频(1.7 GHz附近)FBAR来说,并联谐振品质因数可以提升1000以上.对高频(5.5 GHz附近)FBAR来说,并联谐振品质因数可以提升300以上.对横向寄生模式较强的高频FBAR,优选的Frame结构可以提升谐振器的横向寄生模式抑制,使串联谐振频率之下的阻抗相位波动减少5°以上.

TAPES模式降低神经源性膀胱患者尿路感染率的效果研究

目的探索应用TAPES模式对降低脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者尿路感染率的效果。方法选取2014年3月-2015年2月收治的96例神经源性膀胱行间歇导尿的患者作为对照组,采取医生管理,护士督导的模式进行管理;将2015年3-12月收治的112例神经源性膀胱行间歇导尿的患者为观察组,采用TAPES模式,即团队合作(T)、综合评估(A)、简化流程(P)、健康宣教(E)和目标监测(S)进行干预。观察比较两组患者的尿路感染率。结果对照组尿路感染率为58.33%,观察组尿路感染率降为23.21%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用TAPES模式对预防和控制神经源性膀胱患者尿路感染的发生具有良好的效果,可广泛应用于临床护理。

基于[4-[(N-(2-巯基乙基),N’-甲基)胺基]苯基]三氰基乙烯(TAPE)的分子整流器

制备了含巯基的共轭有机分子-[4-[(N-(2-巯基乙基),N’-甲基)胺基]苯基]三氰基乙烯(TAPE),以分子自组装方法制作了结构为“Au/TAPE/Au(纳米颗粒)”的分子整流器件。用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)测试了该器件的电流-电压(I-V)性质,在偏压为±0.95V时,有最高整流比为22.7;考察了顶电极制备工艺前、后单分子膜的电性能。用掠角反射红外光谱对单分子有机层进行了表征。

Combination of manual lymphatic drainage and Kinesio taping for treating pigmented villonodular synovitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Pigmented villonodular synovitis(PVNS)is a benign proliferative disorder that affects the synovial joints,bursae,and tendon sheaths.To date,few studies have reported on the treatment of postoperative pain and edema in patients with PVNS.Herein,we present the case of a woman who developed pain and edema in the left lower limb 1 wk after synovectomy and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and was unable to walk due to limited flexion and extension of the left knee.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman underwent synovectomy and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy successively and was treated with a combination of manual lymphatic drainage(MLD)and kinesio taping(KT)in our hospital to alleviate postoperative pain and edema.The following parameters were assessed at 2 wk post-treatment and 1 wk post-discharge follow up:suprapatellar circumference,infrapatellar circumference,visual analog scale score,knee range of motion,pittsburgh sleep quality index score,hamilton anxiety rating scale(HAMA)score,and hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD)score.After treatment,the postoperative pain and edema in the patient’s left knee were effectively relieved,resulting in improved sleep quality and remarkably attenuated HAMA and HAMD scores.CONCLUSION Combined MLD and KT may be an effective approach for relieving postoperative pain and edema in patients with PVNS.

从《étapes》看当代平面设计之趋势

从期刊设计和期刊内容2个方面分析了法国设计类高端刊物《étapes》,运用比较研究的方法对封面、刊头、内页版式、页码、印刷等部分进行探析,阐述了其在装帧设计上的特色和演变过程。在此基础上,将十余年《étapes》中刊登的内容作为研究素材,运用分析归纳的研究方法,对其关注的热点进行综述,提出了当代平面设计的五大主流趋势,研究结果可为当代平面设计创意思路提供参考。

Acyclovir-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Permeation and Penetrability Study

Herpes simplex virus type I is a cutaneous infection treated with acyclovir. The topical treatment has therapeutic challenges due to the deficient delivery of the drug through epithelial barriers. This results in an inadequate drug-virus interaction in the basal epidermis (virus replication site). For this reason, it is essential to generate drug carrier systems that overcome these limitations. In this study, we evaluated the permeation (through in vitro test Franz cells) and penetration (by ex vivo test Tape Stripping) of a topical formulation of acyclovir loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles and a conventional formulation (Aciclor®). The acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using hot homogenization and sonication methods. The results yielded a particle size of 85 ± 2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.24 ± 0.01, a zeta potential of −16 ± 2 mV, and 94% ± 3% of encapsulated drug. The in vitro test revealed that the permeability of acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles formulation was superior compared to reference formulation, with values of 1473.74 ± 30.14 µg/cm2 for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 893.36 ± 38.09 µg/cm2 for the reference formulation. The ex vivo test demonstrated that acyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles exhibited superior penetrability through the stratum corneum compared to the reference formulation, with total amounts of 3767 µg for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 2162 µg for the reference formulation. These findings seem promising in advancing new effective therapies against herpes generated by herpes simplex virus type I.

Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Drip Tape Arrangement on Soil Salinity,Soil Moisture Distribution,and Cotton Yield (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang,China

More and more attention is being focused on saline water utilization in irrigation due to the shortage of fresh water to agriculture in many regions. For purpose of reducing the risks of using of saline water for irrigation, the mechanism of soil moisture and salinity distribution and transport should be well understood for developing optimum management strategies. In this paper, field experiments were carried out at Junggar Basin, China, to study the effects of drip irrigation water quality and drip tape arrangement on distribution of soil salinity and soil moisture. Six treatments were designed, including two drip tape arrangement modes and three irrigation water concentration levels （0.24, 4.68, and 7.42 dS m^-l）. Results showed that, soil moisture content （SMC） directly beneath the drip tape in all treatments kept a relatively high value about 18% before boll opening stage; the SMC in the narrow strip in single tape arrangement （Ms） plot was obviously lower than that in the double tapes arrangement （Md） plot, indicating that less sufficient water was supplied under the same condition of irrigation depth, but there was no significant reduction in yield. Mulching had not significant influence on salt accumulation but the drip tape arrangement, under the same condition of irrigation water depth and quality, compared with Md, Ms reduced salt accumulation in root zone and brought about relatively high cotton yield.

Turbulent Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tube Fitted with Square-cut Twisted Tape

Heat transfer,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger fitted with square-cut twisted tapes（STT） and plain twisted tapes（PTT） are investigated experimentally using the water as working fluid.The tapes（STT and PTT） have three twist ratios（y=2.0,4.4 and 6.0） and the Reynolds number ranges from 2000 to 12000.The experimental results reveal that heat transfer rate,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with STT are significantly higher than those fitted with PTT. The additional disturbance and secondary flow in the vicinity of the tube wall generated by STT are higher compared to that induced by the PTT is referred as the reason for better performance.Over the range considered,the Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with STT are respectively,1.03 to 1.14,1.05 to 1.25 and 1.02 to 1.06 times of those in tube with PTT.An empirical correlation is also formulated to match with experimental data of Nusselt number and friction factor for STT and PTT.

Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Studies in a Circular Tube Fitted with Twisted Tape Consisting of Wire-nails

This paper deals with the experimental investigation on Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal en-hancement factor of a double pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape consisting wire nails(WN-TT) and plain twisted tapes(P-TT) with three different twist ratios of y 2.0,4.4 and 6.0. Test runs are conducted using the water as the working fluid with Reynolds number range between 2000 and 12000 for WN-TT and P-TT. It is found that Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with WN-TT appreciably higher than those in the tube fitted with P-TT and plain tube. Over the range considered Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with WN-TT are respectively,1.08 to 1.31,1.1 to 1.75 and 1.05 to 1.13 times of those in tube with P-TT. The better performance of WN-TT is due to combined effects of the follow-ing factors:(1) common swirling flow generated by P-TT,(2) additional turbulence offered by the wire nails. Em-pirical correlations for Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor are also formulated from the experimental results of WN-TT and P-TT.

关节镜下Fiber Tape环形内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

背景:前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折需尽早行手术复位内固定,目前临床治疗方案中常用切开复位(可吸收螺钉、空心钉、钢丝、钛缆等)内固定,创伤较大,术后并发症多。而关节镜下行前交叉韧带下止点骨折复位弹性(缝线)内固定具有微创、术野清晰、固定准确性高、并发症少、骨折复位愈合好、符合生物力学要求、关节功能康复快等优点,但也有强度不够、骨块切割等缺点。目的:比较关节镜下Fiber Tape环形固定与开放内固定治疗前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折的疗效。方法:收集2017年1月至2018年12月上海中冶医院骨科收治的32例前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折患者,所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。根据手术方法分成2组,微创组17例采用关节镜下Fiber Tape环形固定治疗;开放组15例采用开放手术骨折复位(空心拉力螺钉、钛缆、钢丝等)内固定治疗。记录所有患者手术时间、出血量、术后并发症情况;于术前及术后第1,6个月记录膝关节活动范围、Lysholm评分及国际膝关节评分委员会评分,摄X射线片评价骨折复位愈合情况。结果与结论:①所有患者获得随访,时间6-13个月;②2组患者年龄组成、骨折类型、受伤原因、术前评分差异无显著性意义;③术后X射线片复查骨折均得到满意复位,术后未出现神经、血管损伤、骨折移位情况,术后6个月骨折均愈合良好;④2组手术时间、术后并发症发生率差异无显著性意义,2组术中出血量差异有显著性意义(P=0.036);⑤膝关节活动度:2组患者术后1个月膝关节活动度显著大于术前(P<0.05),术后6个月膝关节活动度显著大于术后1个月(P<0.05);术后1,6个月微创组膝关节活动度显著大于开放组(P<0.05);⑥Lysholm膝关节功能评分及国际膝关节评分委员会评分:2组患者术后1个月Lysholm膝关节功能评分及国际膝关节评分委员会评分均显著高于术前(P<0.05),术后6个月评分均显著高于术后1个月(P<0.05);术后1,6个月微创组评分均显著高于开放组(P<0.05);⑦提示2组患者经过手术干预膝关节屈伸活动大部分恢复,且随时间延长恢复程度越高。与开放内固定(空心拉力螺钉、钛缆、钢丝等)相比,关节镜下Fiber Tape环形固定治疗前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折的出血更少,创伤更小,关节功能恢复时间更短,恢复程度更高。

Thermohydraulics of Turbulent Flow Through Heat Exchanger Tubes Fitted with Circular-rings and Twisted Tapes

The influences of circular-ring turbulators （CRT） and twisted tape （TT） swirl generators on the heat transfer enhancement, pressure drop and thermal performance factor characteristics in a round tube are reported. The circular-ring turbulators were individually employed and together with the twisted tape swirl generators in the heated section of the tube. Three different pitch ratios （I/D = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0） of the CRT and three different twist ratios （y/W= 3, 4, and 5） of the TT were introduced. The experiments were conducted using air as the working fluid under a uniform wall heat flux condition, for the Reynolds number between 6000 and 20000. The experimental results reveal that the heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal performance factor of the combined CRT and qT are considerably higher than those of CRT alone. For the range examined, the Sncreases of mean Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance, in the tube equipped with combined devices, respectively, are 25.8%, 82.8% and 6.3% over those in the tube with the CRT alone. The highest thermal performance factor of 1.42 is found for the combined device consisting of the CRT with l/D = 1.0 and TT with y/W= 3. The correlations of the Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor of the tubes with combined devices are also developed in terms of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, twist ratio and pitch ratio.

3D Numerical Study on Compound Heat Transfer Enhancement of Converging-diverging Tubes Equipped with Twin Twisted Tapes

The paper presents a 3D numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer and flow characteristics in converging-diverging tubes （CDs） and converging-diverg）ng tubes.equi.pped with twin counter-swirling twisted tapes （CDTs）. The effects of Reynolds number （Re= 10000-20000）, pitch length （P= 11.25, 22.5 mm）, rib height （e = 0.5, 0.8, 1.1 ram）, pitch ratio （8= 1 ＂ 8, 5 ＂ 4, 8 ＂ 1）, gap distance between twin t）visted tapes （b = 0.5, 4.5, 8.5 mm） and tape number （n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6） on Nusselt number （Nu）, Iriction tactor 0＇） and thermal enhancement factor （r/） are investigated under uniform heat flux conditions,using water as working fluid. In order to illustrate the heat transter and tlu^d tlow mechamsms, flow structures m ~StJs and ~SDIs are presented. The obtained results reveal that all geometric parameters have important effects on the thermal performance of CD and CDT, and both CD and CDT show better thermal performance than plain tube at the constant pumping power. It is also found that the increases in the Nusselt number and friction factor for CDT are, respectively, up to 6.3%-35.7% and 1.75-5.3 times of thecorresponding bare CD. All CDTs have good thermal perbrmance with greater than 1 which indicates that the compound heat transfer technique of CDT is commendable for the maximum enhanced heat transfer rate.