In this study, a combined experimental, numerical and theoretical investigation is conducted on the penetration of semi-infinite 4340 steel targets by a homogeneous 93 W rod and two types of jacketed rods with strikin...In this study, a combined experimental, numerical and theoretical investigation is conducted on the penetration of semi-infinite 4340 steel targets by a homogeneous 93 W rod and two types of jacketed rods with striking velocities of 0.9-3.3 km/s. The results show that the jacketed rods produced typical“co-erosion” damage at all test velocities, except for the 93 W/1060 Al jacketed rod, which switched from an early “bi-erosion” damage to later “co-erosion” damage at a striking velocity of 936 m/s. However, the homogeneous 93 W rod always forms a large mushroom head during the penetration process. The damage mechanisms of these two types of jacketed rods differ for striking velocities of 0.9-2.0 km/s, but this difference gradually decreases with increased striking velocity. For velocities of 2.0-3.3 km/s, all three types of projectiles exhibit typical hydrodynamic penetration characteristics, and the damage mechanisms of the two types of jacketed rods are almost identical. For the same initial kinetic energy, the penetration performance of the jacketed rods is distinctly superior to that of the homogeneous 93 W rods.Compared with jacket density, jacket strength shows a more significant influence on the damage mechanism and penetration performance of the jacketed rod. Finally, an existing theoretical prediction model of the penetration depth of jacketed rods on semi-infinite targets in the co-erosion mode is modified. It transpires that-in terms of penetration depth-the modified theoretical model is in good agreement with the experimental and numerical observations for 93 W/TC4 and 93 W/1060 Al jacketed rods penetrating semi-infinite 4340 steel targets.展开更多
A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S...A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S, depending upon initial impact velocity, there exist three types of penetration, namely, penetration by a rigid long rod, penetration by a deforming non-erosive long rod and penetration by an erosive long rod. If the impact velocity of the penetrator is higher than the hydrodynamic velocity （VH）, it will penetrate the target in an erosive mode; if the impact velocity lies between the hydrodynamic velocity （VH） and the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a deformable mode; if the impact velocity is less than the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a rigid mode. The critical conditions for the transition among these three penetration modes are proposed. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions correlate well with the experimental observations in terms of depth of penetration （DOP） and the critical transition conditions.展开更多
The polonium-210 activity in raw material targets which was used to make the start neutron source rods of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station was determined in calorimetry. The calorimeter used is a twin-cup isothermal one....The polonium-210 activity in raw material targets which was used to make the start neutron source rods of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station was determined in calorimetry. The calorimeter used is a twin-cup isothermal one. It works at room temperature and does not need any device of constant temperature. The instruments used for calorimetry are simple and have good properties. The background is from -1μV to + 2 μ V when the room temperature changs between 16℃ and 28 ℃. The data gotten in calorimetry are in correspondence within ±3.4 % with those from liquid scintillation method after the targets were dissolved, additionally in correspondence within ±1.7% with the data given by Amersham Laboratories for 241Am determination.展开更多
为研究钨合金长杆体在侵彻薄装甲钢靶板上的跳飞特性，在1300~1700 m/s 速度范围，利用 LS-DYNA对6~14 mm厚度靶板进行了数值模拟，采用每次调整0.5＆#176;着角逐步趋近的方法得出相应的跳飞角。不同靶板厚度仿真结果表明：长杆体在斜...为研究钨合金长杆体在侵彻薄装甲钢靶板上的跳飞特性，在1300~1700 m/s 速度范围，利用 LS-DYNA对6~14 mm厚度靶板进行了数值模拟，采用每次调整0.5＆#176;着角逐步趋近的方法得出相应的跳飞角。不同靶板厚度仿真结果表明：长杆体在斜侵彻薄装甲钢靶板的过程中形成了连接点向前推进的塑性铰链，且随着靶板厚度的均匀增加，着角因素对跳飞影响呈强化趋势，而靶板厚度因素呈弱化趋势。加入靶板厚度因素对 Tate跳飞模型进行了修正，并进行相应的验证试验，二者所得结果均与数值模拟结果吻合得较好。展开更多
为了解杆式弹超高速撞击多层薄钢靶的破坏过程及毁伤机理,开展了克级93W杆式弹正撞击多层Q345钢靶实验及数值模拟研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)及金相显微镜,分析了超高速撞击实验后靶板材料的微观组织及...为了解杆式弹超高速撞击多层薄钢靶的破坏过程及毁伤机理,开展了克级93W杆式弹正撞击多层Q345钢靶实验及数值模拟研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)及金相显微镜,分析了超高速撞击实验后靶板材料的微观组织及成分。结果表明,超高速撞击作用下,靶板呈现出“翻唇”穿孔变形、花瓣状塑性变形、撕裂、撞击成坑及鼓包等破坏模式。靶板前3层毁伤以超高速穿孔为主,孔洞数目多但面积小,后几层靶板毁伤孔洞数目少且孔径呈先增大后减小趋势。微观分析表明靶材在强冲击压力下发生晶粒碎化、熔化及再结晶,撞击过程中会形成微孔聚集与微裂纹,可见靶板失效主要是熔融混合物冷却过程中产生的热应力与切应力下的剪切撕裂综合作用的结果。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.:11672138,11602113)Foundation of National Key Lab.of Transient Physics(Grant no.:6142604180407,JCKYS2020606004).
文摘In this study, a combined experimental, numerical and theoretical investigation is conducted on the penetration of semi-infinite 4340 steel targets by a homogeneous 93 W rod and two types of jacketed rods with striking velocities of 0.9-3.3 km/s. The results show that the jacketed rods produced typical“co-erosion” damage at all test velocities, except for the 93 W/1060 Al jacketed rod, which switched from an early “bi-erosion” damage to later “co-erosion” damage at a striking velocity of 936 m/s. However, the homogeneous 93 W rod always forms a large mushroom head during the penetration process. The damage mechanisms of these two types of jacketed rods differ for striking velocities of 0.9-2.0 km/s, but this difference gradually decreases with increased striking velocity. For velocities of 2.0-3.3 km/s, all three types of projectiles exhibit typical hydrodynamic penetration characteristics, and the damage mechanisms of the two types of jacketed rods are almost identical. For the same initial kinetic energy, the penetration performance of the jacketed rods is distinctly superior to that of the homogeneous 93 W rods.Compared with jacket density, jacket strength shows a more significant influence on the damage mechanism and penetration performance of the jacketed rod. Finally, an existing theoretical prediction model of the penetration depth of jacketed rods on semi-infinite targets in the co-erosion mode is modified. It transpires that-in terms of penetration depth-the modified theoretical model is in good agreement with the experimental and numerical observations for 93 W/TC4 and 93 W/1060 Al jacketed rods penetrating semi-infinite 4340 steel targets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10872195)
文摘A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S, depending upon initial impact velocity, there exist three types of penetration, namely, penetration by a rigid long rod, penetration by a deforming non-erosive long rod and penetration by an erosive long rod. If the impact velocity of the penetrator is higher than the hydrodynamic velocity （VH）, it will penetrate the target in an erosive mode; if the impact velocity lies between the hydrodynamic velocity （VH） and the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a deformable mode; if the impact velocity is less than the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a rigid mode. The critical conditions for the transition among these three penetration modes are proposed. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions correlate well with the experimental observations in terms of depth of penetration （DOP） and the critical transition conditions.
文摘The polonium-210 activity in raw material targets which was used to make the start neutron source rods of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station was determined in calorimetry. The calorimeter used is a twin-cup isothermal one. It works at room temperature and does not need any device of constant temperature. The instruments used for calorimetry are simple and have good properties. The background is from -1μV to + 2 μ V when the room temperature changs between 16℃ and 28 ℃. The data gotten in calorimetry are in correspondence within ±3.4 % with those from liquid scintillation method after the targets were dissolved, additionally in correspondence within ±1.7% with the data given by Amersham Laboratories for 241Am determination.
文摘为了解杆式弹超高速撞击多层薄钢靶的破坏过程及毁伤机理,开展了克级93W杆式弹正撞击多层Q345钢靶实验及数值模拟研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)及金相显微镜,分析了超高速撞击实验后靶板材料的微观组织及成分。结果表明,超高速撞击作用下,靶板呈现出“翻唇”穿孔变形、花瓣状塑性变形、撕裂、撞击成坑及鼓包等破坏模式。靶板前3层毁伤以超高速穿孔为主,孔洞数目多但面积小,后几层靶板毁伤孔洞数目少且孔径呈先增大后减小趋势。微观分析表明靶材在强冲击压力下发生晶粒碎化、熔化及再结晶,撞击过程中会形成微孔聚集与微裂纹,可见靶板失效主要是熔融混合物冷却过程中产生的热应力与切应力下的剪切撕裂综合作用的结果。
