Controlling spiral wave with target wave in oscillatory systems

Spiral waves have been controlled by generating target waves with a localized inhomogeneity in the oscillatory medium. The competition between the spiral waves and target waves is discussed. The effect of the localized inhomogeneity size has also been studied.

Self-sustained target waves in excitable media with only a long-range link

In this paper we investigate spatiotemporal pattern formation in excitable media with only a long-range link. Besides the trivial solutions of spiral patterns, we find the asymptotic self-sustained target waves in the autonomous tissues. The wave source supporting this kind of new pattern is the oscillatory one-dimensional Winfree-loop self- organized under the presence of a long-range link, which is explored by the dominant phase-advanced driving method. Based on this understanding we can effectively regulate the oscillations of excitable media by suitably arranging the long-range link, including construction of self-sustained target waves with controllable period and wave length, or manipulation of system states between different patterns.

Cellular Automaton Simulations for Target Waves in Excitable Media

Using the Greenberg-Hasting cellular automata model, we study the properties of target waves in excitable media under the no-flux boundary conditions. For the system has only one excited state, the computer simulation and analysis lead to the conclusions that, the number of refractory states does not influence the wave-front speed; the wave- front speed decreases as the excitation threshold increases and increases as the neighbor radius increases; the period of target waves is equal to the number of cell states; the excitation condition for target waves is that the wave-front speed must be bigger than half of the neighbor radius.

Autapse-induced target wave, spiral wave in regular network of neurons

Autapse is a type of synapse that connects axon and dendrites of the same neuron, and the effect is often detected by close-loop feedback in axonal action potentials to the owned dendritic tree. An artificial autapse was introduced into the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model, and a regular network was designed to detect the regular pattern formation induced by autapse. It was found that target wave emerged in the network even when only a single autapse was considered. By increasing the(autapse density) number of neurons with autapse, for example, a regular area(2×2, 3×3, 4×4, 5×5 neurons) under autapse induced target wave by selecting the feedback gain and time-delay in autapse. Spiral waves were also observed under optimized feedback gain and time delay in autapses because of coherence-like resonance in the network induced by some electric autapses connected to some neurons. This confirmed that the electric autapse has a critical role in exciting and regulating the collective behaviors of neurons by generating stable regular waves(target waves, spiral waves) in the network. The wave length of the induced travelling wave(target wave, spiral wave), because of local effect of autapse, was also calculated to understand the waveprofile in the network of neurons.

Emergence of target waves in neuronal networks due to diverse forcing currents

The electric activities of neurons could be changed when ion channel block occurs in the neurons.External forcing currents with diversity are imposed on the regular network of Hodgkin-Huxley(HH) neuron,and target waves are induced to occupy the network.The forcing current I1 is imposed on neurons in a local region with m 0 ×m 0 nodes in the network,neurons in other nodes are imposed with another forcing current I2.Target wave could be developed to occupy the network when the gradient forcing current(I1-I2) exceeds certain threshold,and the formation of target wave is independent of the selection of boundary condition.It is also found that the developed target wave can decrease the negative effect of ion channel block and suppress the spiral wave,and thus channel noise is also considered.The potential mechanism of formation of target wave could be that the gradient forcing current(I1-I2) generates quasi-periodical signal in local area,and the propagation of quasi-periodical signal induces target-like wave due to mutual coupling among neurons in the network.

Influence of Control Parameters on the Competition Between Spiral Waves and Target Waves

In this paper we systematically investigate the influence of control parameters on the competition results between spiral waves and target waves. Driving frequency f , amplitude A and injection area n of the input signals are three important parameters and the competition results between spiral waves and target waves are influenced by these three parameters remarkably. Based on these understandings we can control spiral waves effectively by suitable combination these parameters to generate faster target waves. And the effective controllable parameter regions are also studied.

Elastic wave imaging of two dimensional targets

Presents a new way of elastic wave imaging which features 1)high inversion accuracy; 2)stable and rapid convergence; 3) high resistance to random noise; 4) little dependence on initial values, and concludes with numerical results that this method has many advantages over all the other imaging methods because our inversion equation following the variation principle reflects the relation between the little variation of scattering field and that of perturbation function.

The scattering fields for a spherical target irradiated by a plane electromagnetic wave in an arbitrary direction

The relation between corresponding trigonometric functions in two rotating coordinate systems is presented. The transformation formula for a vector in the two rotating spherical coordinate systems is obtained. The scattering fields for a spherical target irradiated by a plane electromagnetic wave in an arbitrary direction are derived. These fields in a particular case retrogress to those available in the literature. The obtained results have great potential in practical applications.

Spectral Target-Detecting System Using Sine-Wave Modulation

Target detection is one of the key technology of precision chemical application.Previously the digital coding modulation technique was commonly used to emit and receive the optical signal in the target detection systems previously in China.It was difficult to adjust the output power,and the anti-interference ability was weak in these systems.In order to resolve these problems,the target detection method based on analog sine-wave modulation was studied.The spectral detecting system was set up in the aspects of working principle,electric circuit,and optical path.Lab testing was performed.The results showed that the reflected signal from the target varied inversely with detection distances.It indicated that it was feasible to establish the target detection system using analog sine-wave modulation technology.Furthermore,quantitative measurement of the reflected optical signal for near-infrared and visible light could be achieved by using this system.The research laid the foundation for the future development of the corresponding instrument.

SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE TARGET RECOGNITION USING POLARIZATION AGILE WAVES

A novel matching method for simultaneous multi-target recognition is proposed by jointly considering target's prior scattering knowledge and the polarization parameters of radar echoes. The matching coefficients are calculated for the judgment. MATLAB simulations show that several targets can be accurately recognized simultaneously, and a high recognition probability can be achieved in Monte Carlo simulations. The total execution time can be remarkably reduced in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of the matching procedure.

Estimation of detection threshold in multiple ship target situations with HF ground wave radar

A credible method of calculating the detection threshold is presented for the multiple target situations, which appear frequently in the lower Doppler velocity region during the surveillance of sea with HF ground wave radar. This method defines a whole-peak-outlier elimination （WPOE） criterion, which is based on in-peak-samples correlation of each target echo spectra, to trim off the target signals and abnormal disturbances with great amplitude from the complex spectra. Therefore, cleaned background noise samples are obtained to improve the accuracy and reliability of noise level estimation. When the background noise is nonhomogeneous, the detection samples are limited and often occupied heavily with outliers. In this case, the problem that the detection threshold is overvalued can be solved. In applications on experimental data, it is verified that this method can reduce the miss alarm rate of signal detection effectively in multiple target situations as well as make the adaptability of the detector better.

VARIATION METHOD FOR ACOUSTIC WAVE IMAGING OF TWO DIMENSIONAL TARGETS

A new way of acoustic wave imaging was investigated. By using the Green function theory a system of integral equations,which linked wave number perturbation function with wave field, was firstly deduced. By taking variation on these integral equations an inversion equation,which reflected the relation between the little variation of wave number perturbation function and that of scattering field, was further obtained. Finally, the perturbation functions of some identical targets were reconstructed, and some properties of the novel method including converging speed, inversion accuracy and the abilities to resist random noise and identify complex targets were discussed. Results of numerical simulation show that the method based on the variation principle has great theoretical and applicable value to quantitative nondestructive evaluation.

体外冲击波响应型唑来膦酸钙纳米颗粒靶向控释对骨质疏松骨代谢及骨量的影响

目的研究体外冲击波(extracorporeal shock wave,ESW)响应型唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid,ZOL)钙纳米颗粒(ZOL-Ca nanoparticals,ZCNP)的制备及其靶向控释对骨质疏松骨代谢及骨量的影响。方法通过模板法以ZOL为磷源,CaCl2为钙源制备ZCNP。利用扫描电子显微镜、动态光散射对ZCNP进行表征。通过紫外可见吸收光谱及电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱法评估ZOL的负载以及载药率。利用CCK-8法检测ZCNP对鼠源骨髓单核细胞(bone marrow mononu-clear cells,BMMs)活力的影响;采用溶血实验检测ZCNP的生物相容性。通过荧光标记ZCNP对其骨靶向性进行验证。采用药物释放实验验证了ZCNP的ESW响应性。在体外,利用TRAP染色检验ZCNP的破骨抑制情况;ARS染色检验ZCNP对成骨活性的影响。在体内,利用卵巢摘除骨质疏松模型验证ZCNP对骨量的影响。结果ZCNP呈类球形结构,约60 nm。ZCNP的ZOL负载率为(59.68±1.48)%。ZCNP在0、0.01、0.1、1、10μmol/L浓度下对小鼠BMMs的细胞活性影响无明显差异(P>0.05)。ZCNP在ESW作用下可快速释放ZOL。ESW+ZCNP可抑制破骨细胞活性,促进成骨细胞增殖。ESW+ZCNP可明显提高卵巢摘除骨质疏松模型局部骨量。结论ESW响应型ZCNP可通过有效精准靶向控释,抑制破骨,促进成骨提升卵巢摘除模型局部骨量,预防骨质疏松性骨折。

基于轻量化YOLOv5的雷达图像道路目标检测方法

针对现有车载毫米波雷达目标检测信号处理流程中未滤除静止杂波干扰和网络参数量及浮点数运算量多的问题,文中提出一种车载毫米波雷达目标检测信号处理链,并基于Ghost卷积和空间深度(Space-to-depth,SPD)卷积,设计了一种车载雷达轻量化YOLOv5目标检测模型。首先,使用平均相消算法对雷达原始AD采样数据进行静止杂波干扰抑制;然后,进行二维快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)得到目标的距离-多普勒(Range-Doppler,RD)图像;最后,使用轻量化目标检测网络模型对RD图像进行检测。实测数据验证了本文所提方法能够滤除静止杂波,有效减少了目标检测模型的浮点运算量,进而降低了模型的参数量,且具有较高的检测精度。

基于毫米波雷达的非视距目标探测和定位方法研究

隐蔽非直视目标探测和定位技术在城市巷战、安防、防暴等领域具有广泛的应用。本文针对L形非视距区域内单目标的探测与定位问题进行研究。首先,对雷达布设位置及可探测区域进行了分析;其次,针对共同可探测区域,设计了多路径联合检测器;最后,基于设计的多径雷达应用系统,利用所提检测定位方法进行实验验证。与现有研究相比,本文的创新点在于:在L形非视距场景下,对宽波束毫米波雷达布设位置及可探测区域进行分析并给出合理建议;其次利用所提多路径联合检测器将不同反射面的多条路径联合使用,提高了检测性能。本文通过实验验证了系统的可靠性及雷达位置对可探测区域的影响,通过仿真与实验探究了所提检测器的性能改善。

基于自适应KF的船载地波雷达目标跟踪方法

针对使用传统的卡尔曼滤波器进行多目标跟踪易发生状态估计不准确、航迹断裂的问题,提出了一种转换量测卡尔曼滤波增益自适应调整方法。结合船只目标的运动特性和历史船只航迹数据,采用线性最小二乘拟合提取出航迹参数的变化趋势。使用似然函数分别计算目标预测状态和量测状态与航迹的隶属度。利用预测状态和量测状态的隶属度值对滤波方式进行选择。利用仿真及实测船载地波雷达数据开展了目标跟踪实验,结果表明,使用该文方法能够得到平滑、持续的航迹输出,目标的跟踪距离远、跟踪精度高,优于现有的自适应滤波方法。

基于MIMO阵列的一体化射频技术研究进展及展望

基于多输入多输出(multiple-input-multiple-output,MIMO)阵列的一体化射频系统通过充分利用空间自由度和波形自由度,不仅能够同时实现雷达探测、数据通信、电子干扰等多种功能,而且具有目标探测可靠性好、参数估计精确度高、反侦察识别能力强等突出特点,在高动态强对抗环境中展现了巨大的潜力。从基于MIMO阵列的一体化射频系统的检测性能分析入手,剖析了一体化射频系统的检测性能极限以及影响检测性能的主要因素;针对MIMO阵列参数高精度估计问题,提出通过单个发射脉冲完成参数估计以及一种增强参数估计精度的波形优化算法;考虑到目标角度估计误差不可避免,提出了一种稳健的一体化波形设计算法;针对杂波环境中一体化射频系统性能下降的问题,提出了发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化算法,该算法不仅能够实现同时多功能,而且有效地抑制了杂波,提高了目标检测性能。最后,展望了一体化射频系统参数估计精度极限、高精度参数估计、稳健波形设计、波形设计算法快速实现等有待突破的信号处理关键技术。

一种外部加翼的圆柱小目标声隐身结构设计

针对水下小型航行器日益增强的声隐身需求,基于菲涅耳(Fresnel)半波带理论,提出一种可提高目标声隐身性能的外部加翼结构。利用板块元方法计算并分析不同结构参数的优化翼型结构声隐身性能的提升效果。研究结果表明,外翼覆盖了圆柱散射贡献最大的半波带,加速相位变化,降低入射方向相同投影面积的散射贡献,使得圆柱正横方位的目标强度有效降低。当翼的开角为第一Fresnel半波带对应圆心角度且外翼与圆柱主体相切时,该结构在节约制造成本的同时可使声隐身性能的提升效果最好。文中进行了加翼模型声散射特性水池实验,优化结构的0°方位目标强度下降约7 dB,俯仰方向角检测概率显著降低,证明该类翼型结构可以有效提高目标声隐身性能。

超声导波目标模式的激励方法研究

超声导波检测过程中不同模态导波信号与各类损伤之间的相互作用存在差异性,直接影响了损伤检测及定位成像结果的可靠性。因此,系统研究导波目标模式的激励方法从而获得理想的导波信号,有助于实现多类型损伤的精准检出以及获得高分辨率定位成像结果。该研究基于理论分析、有限元仿真和试验测量开展了超声导波目标模式的激励方法研究。理论分析导波目标模式激励的条件,并且构建二维多物理场仿真模型进行导波目标模式激励方法的验证。试验过程中将梳状换能器与锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷(piezoelectric ceramic, PZT)进行比较分析,结果表明,梳状换能器相较于PZT压电片具有良好的模式选择能力。另外,设计制作四分之一全向和全向梳状换能器,使其进行目标模式导波信号激励的同时实现传播方向的调控。

磁场和超声波共同作用下磁性微球的深度聚集

在磁性药物靶向治疗中,由于普通电磁铁产生的磁场的磁通密度会随距离衰减,造成磁性药物颗粒在离磁极较近的部位聚集较多,而在离磁极较远的部位聚集较少,这限制了磁靶向技术在深度组织部位的应用.提出了环形磁极磁场和超声波声场相结合的非侵入性新方法,以实现磁性微粒的三维深度聚集.首先,给出深度聚集磁性微粒实验设备的结构设计;然后,利用COMSOL仿真软件计算出实现深度聚集的超声波振幅范围;最后,依据仿真结果给出的参数进行了实验.实验结果证明,在合适的超声波强度下,磁性微球在远离磁极区域的聚集量多于离磁极较近区域,实现了磁性微粒在三维方向的深度聚集.