A novel detection method for warhead fragment targets in optical images under dynamic strong interference environments

A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the acquisition of full-process data of the fragment scattering process.However,mismatches between camera frame rates and target velocities can lead to long motion blur tails of high-speed fragment targets,resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios and rendering conventional detection algorithms ineffective in dynamic strong interference testing environments.In this study,we propose a detection framework centered on dynamic strong interference disturbance signal separation and suppression.We introduce a mixture Gaussian model constrained under a joint spatialtemporal-transform domain Dirichlet process,combined with total variation regularization to achieve disturbance signal suppression.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed disturbance suppression method can be integrated with certain conventional motion target detection tasks,enabling adaptation to real-world data to a certain extent.Moreover,we provide a specific implementation of this process,which achieves a detection rate close to 100%with an approximate 0%false alarm rate in multiple sets of real target field test data.This research effectively advances the development of the field of damage parameter testing.

MULTI-TARGET VISUAL TRACKING AND OCCLUSION DETECTION BY COMBINING BHATTACHARYYA COEFFICIENT AND KALMAN FILTER INNOVATION

This paper introduces an approach for visual tracking of multi-target with occlusion occurrence. Based on the author's previous work in which the Overlap Coefficient (OC) is used to detect the occlusion, in this paper a method of combining Bhattacharyya Coefficient (BC) and Kalman filter innovation term is proposed as the criteria for jointly detecting the occlusion occurrence. Fragmentation of target is introduced in order to closely monitor the occlusion development. In the course of occlusion, the Kalman predictor is applied to determine the location of the occluded target, and the criterion for checking the re-appearance of the occluded target is also presented. The proposed approach is put to test on a standard video sequence, suggesting the satisfactory performance in multi-target tracking.

Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

Management Innovation and Practice of Full Life Circle in Offshore Petroleum Exploration Target

Faced with the continued downturn of international oil price and increasing complexity of oil-gas geological conditions since 2013, CNOOC China Ltd., Zhanjiang has promoted management innovation of full life circle with the theme of “value to exploration-oriented”, establishing QC system of multiple-dimension exploration to make exploration target management standardized and institutionalized, putting forward new ideas, closed-loop management of “big data” in full life circle to make exploration target and decision flow informationized, generating comprehensive reserve method of exploration target optimization and quantifiable management mode of “probabilistic method” evaluated by experts, and establishing “optimal so-lution” to management decision model to manage optimal target combination to drill and bring about lean management of exploration deployment. All the management innovations and practices have been carried out in oilfields of western South China Sea successfully, with corporation’s exploration decision and deployment guided effectively, a great success of petroleum exploration, and remarkable economic as well as society benefits.

Distributed predefined-time estimator-based affine formation target-enclosing maneuver control for cooperative underactuated quadrotor UAVs with fault-tolerant capabilities

The paper presents a two-layer,disturbance-resistant,and fault-tolerant affine formation maneuver control scheme that accomplishes the surrounding of a dynamic target with multiple underactuated Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(QUAVs).This scheme mainly consists of predefinedtime estimators and fixed-time tracking controllers,with a hybrid Laplacian matrix describing the communication among these QUAVs.At the first layer,we devise predefined time estimators for leading and following QUAVs,enabling accurate estimation of desired information.In the second layer,we initially devise a fixed-time hybrid observer to estimate unknown disturbances and actuator faults.Fixedtime translational tracking controllers are then proposed,and the intermediary control input from these controllers is used to extract the desired attitude and angular velocities for the fixed-time rotational tracking controllers.We employ an exact tracking differentiator to handle variables that are challenging to differentiate directly.The paper includes a demonstration of the control system stability through mathematical proof,as well as the presentation of simulation results and comparative simulations.

Research advancements in nanoparticles and cell-based drug delivery systems for the targeted killing of cancer cells

Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal cells.These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.Despite these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies.Cell-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research.It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells.By detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.

HNRNPC as a pan-cancer biomarker and therapeutic target involved in tumor progression and immune regulation

Background:Aberrant expression of RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)has been linked to a variety of diseases,including hematological disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and multiple types of cancer.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C(HNRNPC),a member belonging to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein(hnRNP)family,plays a pivotal role in nucleic acid metabolism.Previous studies have underscored the significance of HNRNPC in tumorigenesis;however,its specific role in malignant tumor progression remains inadequately characterized.Methods:We leveraged publicly available databases,including The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),to explore the potential involvement of HNRNPC across various cancers.Additionally,we performed experimental validation studies focused on liver cancer.Results:Our analysis revealed that HNRNPC is overexpressed in a wide range of common malignancies,including liver and lung cancers,and is strongly linked to unfavorable outcomes.Furthermore,HNRNPC was observed to be closely linked to tumor immunity.Through immune checkpoint analysis and immune cell infiltration assessment,HNRNPC emerged as a potential target for modulating tumor immunotherapy.Notably,silencing of HNRNPC markedly inhibited the proliferation,metastasis,and infiltration of liver cancer cells.Conclusion:In summary,our findings highlight HNRNPC as a prognostic marker in various cancers,including liver cancer,and suggest its involvement in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment.These insights offer potential avenues for improving clinical outcomes in tumors with elevated HNRNPC expression,particularly through immunotherapeutic strategies.

Pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy in spinal cord injury:regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.

China’s High-Quality Technology Innovation:Scenario Narrative and Measurement System

The world today is undergoing disruptive,transformative shifts driven by a new wave of technological revolutions and industrial changes.In this context,a central question for China’s innovation-driven development strategy is how to effectively identify and measure high-quality technological innovations.Drawing on the stylized facts and scenario narrative of China’s technological landscape,this paper proposes a framework and measurement system for evaluating high-quality technological innovations.While China’s top-level design for technological innovation is guided by policy documents,the increasing number of enterprises applying for“high-tech enterprise”status has coincided with a decline in the quality of patent filings.In response,this paper first underscores the challenges and necessity of measuring the quality of technological innovations.Second,we introduce the high-quality technological innovation indicators and employ them to assess the quality of tech innovations at the firm level,utilizing an approach that combines analogical narrative,gene coding,text analysis,semantic logic,and a database of granted invention patents in China.Third,we examine the systematic and individual biases inherent in citation counts,a commonly used indicator,under specific contexts,and employ a granular instrumental variable approach to validate the effectiveness of the indicators.Finally,we develop a“family tree”of the indicators and explore their application scenarios through a combination of established and extended indicators.Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating China’s technological innovation quality,inform policy incentives,and offer insights for academia to apply high-quality technological innovation indicators in different contexts.

Targeting capabilities of engineered extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases

Recent advances in research on extracellular vesicles have significantly enhanced their potential as therapeutic agents for neurological diseases.Owing to their therapeutic properties and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier,extracellular vesicles are recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles for various neurological conditions,including ischemic stroke,traumatic brain injury,neurodegenerative diseases,glioma,and psychosis.However,the clinical application of natural extracellular vesicles is hindered by their limited targeting ability and short clearance from the body.To address these limitations,multiple engineering strategies have been developed to enhance the targeting capabilities of extracellular vesicles,thereby enabling the delivery of therapeutic contents to specific tissues or cells.Therefore,this review aims to highlight the latest advancements in natural and targeting-engineered extracellular vesicles,exploring their applications in treating traumatic brain injury,ischemic stroke,Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,glioma,and psychosis.Additionally,we summarized recent clinical trials involving extracellular vesicles and discussed the challenges and future prospects of using targeting-engineered extracellular vesicles for drug delivery in treating neurological diseases.This review offers new insights for developing highly targeted therapies in this field.

Subretinal fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration:mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

Subretinal fibrosis is the end-stage sequelae of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.It causes local damage to photoreceptors,retinal pigment epithelium,and choroidal vessels,which leads to permanent central vision loss of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.The pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis is complex,and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.Therefore,there are no effective treatment options.A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis and its related mechanisms is important to elucidate its complications and explore potential treatments.The current article reviews several aspects of subretinal fibrosis,including the current understanding on the relationship between neovascular age-related macular degeneration and subretinal fibrosis;multimodal imaging techniques for subretinal fibrosis;animal models for studying subretinal fibrosis;cellular and non-cellular constituents of subretinal fibrosis;pathophysiological mechanisms involved in subretinal fibrosis,such as aging,infiltration of macrophages,different sources of mesenchymal transition to myofibroblast,and activation of complement system and immune cells;and several key molecules and signaling pathways participating in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis,such as vascular endothelial growth factor,connective tissue growth factor,fibroblast growth factor 2,platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β,transforming growth factor-βsignaling pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,and the axis of heat shock protein 70-Toll-like receptors 2/4-interleukin-10.This review will improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis,allow the discovery of molecular targets,and explore potential treatments for the management of subretinal fibrosis.

Targeted maintenance therapy for a young woman with cervical rhabdomyosarcoma:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare form of soft-tissue sarcoma predominantly affecting young women,with no established standard treatment protocol.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case of a 17-year-old female patient presenting with in-termittent,non-cyclical vaginal bleeding and associated lower abdominal pain.Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and additional examinations led to the dia-gnosis of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.The primary treatment options for uterine cervical rhabdomyosarcoma include surgery,with or without adjuvant chemo-therapy and radiotherapy.This patient underwent surgery followed by a posto-perative chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine combined with docetaxel and bevacizumab.After 19 months of follow-up,the patient showed no signs of re-currence and maintained good overall health.Given the rarity of cervix rhab-domyosarcoma,this case is presented to provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.CONCLUSION This suggests that bevacizumab may demonstrate potential efficacy in the treat-ment of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.In the future,targeted therapy is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Tankyrase 2 as a therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer: Implications for apoptosis and migration

This letter addresses Wang and Zhang's investigation into the role of tankyrase 2(TNKS2)as a pivotal driver of malignancy in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)through mechanisms including apoptosis inhibition,enhanced cellular migration,andβ-catenin pathway activation.Their study in NSCLC cell lines demonstrates that TNKS2 overexpression stabilizesβ-catenin,subsequently triggering onco-genic gene expression and facilitating cellular migration-key attributes of meta-static potential.These insights position TNKS2 as a compelling target for therapy and a potential prognostic marker in NSCLC.Nevertheless,translating these in vitro findings to clinical practice requires validation in in vivo models.Addi-tionally,further research should investigate TNKS2 expression in patient samples and assess its implications in therapy resistance and combination treatment strategies.

Real-world cost-effectiveness of targeted temperature management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: results from an academic medical center

BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with that of conventional care in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survivors using clinical patient-level data.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center in the USA to assess the cost-effectiveness of TTM in adult non-traumatic OHCA survivors between 1 January, 2019 and 30 June, 2023. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were calculated and compared with various decision makers' willingness to pay. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were utilized to evaluate the economic attractiveness of TTM. Uncertainty about the incremental cost and effect was explored with a 95% confidence ellipse.RESULTS: Among 925 non-traumatic OHCA survivors, only 30(3%) received TTM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the TTM group did not demonstrate a significantly lower cost(delta cost-$5,141, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $-35,347 to $25,065, P=0.79) and higher survival to hospital discharge(delta effect 6%, 95% CI:-11% to 23%, P=0.41). Additionally, a 95% confidence ellipse indicated uncertainty reflected by evidence that the true value of the ICER could be in any of the quadrants of the cost-effectiveness plane.CONCLUSION: Although TTM did not demonstrate a clear survival benefit in this study, its potential cost-effectiveness warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes. These findings highlight the need for additional research to optimize TTM use in OHCA care and inform resource allocation decisions.

Impact of setting distinct target blood glucose levels on endogenous insulin suppression and pharmacodynamics of insulin preparations

BACKGROUND Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in managing diabetes.Regulatory guidelines mandate assessing the pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD)of new insulin formulations with euglycemic clamp techniques before entry into the market.Typically,blood glucose(BG)levels are maintained at 5%below baseline to suppress endogenous insulin secretion in healthy volunteers.However,in scenarios where BG baseline is relatively low,maintaining it at 5%below baseline can increase hypoglycemic risk.Consequently,we adjusted to maintain it at 2.5%below a baseline of<4.00 mmol/L.It remains uncertain whether this adjustment impacts endogenous insulin inhibition or the PD of study insulin.AIM To evaluate and compare the PD and C-peptide status using two different target BG setting methods.METHODS Data came from euglycemic clamp trials assessing the PK/PD of insulin aspart(IAsp)in healthy participants.Target BG was set at 2.5%below baseline for those with a basal BG of<4.00 mmol/L(group A),and at 5%below baseline for others(group B).The area under the curve(AUC)of IAsp(AUC_(IAsp,0-8 h))and GIR from 0 to 8 hours(AUCGIR,0-8 h)was used to characterize the PK and PD of IAsp,respectively.The C-peptide reduction and PK/PD of IAsp were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Out of 135 subjects,15 were assigned to group A and 120 to group B;however,group B exhibited higher basal Cpeptide(1.59±0.36 vs 1.32±0.42 ng/mL,P=0.006).Following propensity score matching to adjust for basal Cpeptide differences,71 subjects(15 in group A and 56 in group B)were analyzed.No significant differences were observed in demographics,IAsp dosage,or clamp quality.Group B showed significantly higher baseline(4.35±0.21 vs 3.91±0.09 mmol/L,P<0.001),target(4.13±0.20 vs 3.81±0.08 mmol/L,P<0.001),and clamped(4.10±0.17 vs 3.80±0.06 mmol/L,P<0.001)BG levels.Both groups exhibited comparable C-peptide suppression(32.5%±10.0%vs 35.6%±12.1%,P=0.370)and similar IAsp activity(AUCGIR,0-8 h:1433±400 vs 1440±397 mg/kg,P=0.952)under nearly equivalent IAsp exposure(AUC_(IAsp,0-8 h):566±51 vs 571±85 ng/mL×h,P=0.840).CONCLUSION Maintaining BG at 2.5%below a baseline of<4.00 mmol/L did not compromise the endogenous insulin suppression nor alter the observed pharmacodynamic effects of the study insulin.

Synergistic inhibition of colorectal cancer progression by silencing Aurora A and the targeting protein for Xklp2

BACKGROUND Unraveling the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC)can aid in developing prevention and treatment strategies.Aurora kinase A(AURKA)is a key participant in mitotic control and interacts with its co-activator,the targeting protein for Xklp2(TPX2)microtubule nucleation factor.AURKA is associated with poor clinical outcomes and high risks of CRC recurrence.AURKA/TPX2 co-overexpression in cancer may contribute to tumorigenesis.Despite its pivotal role in CRC development and progression,the action mechanism of AURKA remains unclear.Further research is needed to explore the complex interplay between AURKA and TPX2 and to develop effective targeted treatments for patients with CRC.AIM To compare effects of AURKA and TPX2 and their combined knockdown on CRC cells.METHODS We evaluated three CRC gene datasets about CRC(GSE32323,GSE25071,and GSE21510).Potential hub genes associated with CRC onset were identified using the Venn,search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes,and KOBAS platforms,with AURKA and TPX2 emerging as significant factors.Subsequently,cell models with knockdown of AURKA,TPX2,or both were constructed using SW480 and LOVO cells.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,cell counting kit-8,cell cloning assays,flow cytometry,and Transwell assays were used.RESULTS Forty-three highly expressed genes and 39 poorly expressed genes overlapped in cancer tissues compared to controls from three datasets.In the protein-protein interaction network of highly expressed genes,AURKA was one of key genes.Its combined score with TPX2 was 0.999,and their co-expression score was 0.846.In CRC cells,knockdown of AURKA,TPX2,or both reduced cell viability and colony number,while blocking G0/G1 phase and enhancing cell apoptosis.Additionally,they were weakened cell proliferation and migration abilities.Furthermore,the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2-Associated X,caspase 3,and tumor protein P53,and E-cadherin increased with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2,N-cadherin,and vimentin proteins.These effects were amplified when both AURKA and TPX2 were concurrently downregulated.CONCLUSION Combined knockdown of AURKA and TPX2 was effective in suppressing the malignant phenotype in CRC.Coinhibition of gene expression is a potential developmental direction for CRC treatment.

Target acquisition performance in the presence of JPEG image compression

This paper presents an investigation on the effect of JPEG compression on the similarity between the target image and the background,where the similarity is further used to determine the degree of clutter in the image.Four new clutter metrics based on image quality assessment are introduced,among which the Haar wavelet-based perceptual similarity index,known as HaarPSI,provides the best target acquisition prediction results.It is shown that the similarity between the target and the background at the boundary between visually lossless and visually lossy compression does not change significantly compared to the case when an uncompressed image is used.In future work,through subjective tests,it is necessary to check whether this presence of compression at the threshold of just noticeable differences will affect the human target acquisition performance.Similarity values are compared with the results of subjective tests of the well-known target Search_2 database,where the degree of agreement between objective and subjective scores,measured through linear correlation,reached a value of 90%.

Parametric modeling and applications of target scattering centers:a review

The parametric scattering center model of radar tar-get has the advantages of simplicity,sparsity and mechanism relevant,making it widely applied in fields such as radar data compression and rapid generation,radar imaging,feature extraction and recognition.This paper summarizes and analyzes the research situation,development trend,and difficult prob-lems on scattering center(SC)parametric modeling from three aspects:parametric representation,determination method of model parameters,and application.

Treat to target in Crohn’s disease:A practical guide for clinicians

A treat-to-target(T2T)approach applies the principles of early intervention and tight disease control to optimise long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease.The Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease(STRIDE)-II guidelines specify short,intermediate,and long-term treatment goals,documenting specific treatment targets to be achieved at each of these timepoints.Scheduled appraisal of Crohn’s disease activity against pre-defined treatment targets at these timepoints remains central to determining whether current therapy should be continued or modified.Consensus treatment targets in Crohn’s disease comprise combination clinical and patient-reported outcome remission,in conjunction with biomarker normalisation and endoscopic healing.Although the STRIDE-II guidelines endorse the pursuit of endoscopic healing,clinicians must consider that this may not always be appropriate,acceptable,or achievable in all patients.This underscores the need to engage patients at the outset in an effort to personalise care and individualise treatment targets.The use of non-invasive biomarkers such as faecal calprotectin in conjunction with cross-sectional imaging techniques,particularly intestinal ultrasound,holds great promise;as do emerging treatment targets such as transmural healing.Two randomised clinical trials,namely,CALM and STARDUST,have evaluated the efficacy of a T2T approach in achieving endoscopic endpoints in patients with Crohn’s disease.Findings from these studies reflect that patient subgroups and Crohn’s disease characteristics likely to benefit most from a T2T approach,remain to be clarified.Moreover,outside of clinical trials,data pertaining to the real-world effectiveness of a T2T approach remains scare,highlighting the need for pragmatic real-world studies.Despite the obvious promise of a T2T approach,a lack of guidance to support its integration into real-world clinical practice has the potential to limit its uptake.This highlights the need to describe strategies,processes,and models of care capable of supporting the integration and execution of a T2T approach in real-world clinical practice.Hence,this review seeks to examine the current and emerging literature to provide clinicians with practical guidance on how to incorporate the principles of T2T into routine clinical practice for the management of Crohn’s disease.

Potentials of ribosomopathy gene as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment

Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenesis can result in different types of ribosomopathies in clinic,collectively known as ribosomopathy genes.Emerging data suggest that ribosomopathy patients exhibit a significantly heightened susceptibility to cancer.Abnormal ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation of some ribosomopathy genes have also been found to be intimately associated with cancer development.The correlation between ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathy and the development of malignancies has been well established.This work aims to review the recent advances in the research of ribosomopathy genes among human cancers and meanwhile,to excavate the potential role of these genes,which have not or rarely been reported in cancer,in the disease development across cancers.We plan to establish a theoretical framework between the ribosomopathy gene and cancer development,to further facilitate the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarker as well as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment.