Task sharing in psychotherapy as a viable global mental health approach in resource-poor countries and also in high-resource settings

A global disparity exists between the burden of mental ill-health and the resources available to address this issue.Common mental disorders,such as mild-to-moderate depression,anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder,are associated with a significant decline in health and functioning and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease.In view of a shortage of mental health professionals in most low-and middle-income countries,task sharing(task shifting)can make an important contribution to improving access to mental health services.Task sharing involves non-specialists in the delivery of health care.The use of lay health workers is premised on the assumption that the shorter training required for non professionals will allow an increase in the provision of required care without the need for an increase in resources and will strengthen and scale-up sustainable health systems.The need for low-tech support in the management of conunon mental disorders is widespread,and the core resource is humans trained to identify and treat those requiring mental health care.There is a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of task sharing in psychotherapy,and talk therapies,e.g.cognitive behavioral therapy,can easily be delegated to non-specialists,including non-specialist health workers,peer helpers and lay people.A(cost-)effective model of mental health care in low-resource settings as well as in high-income countries may include the medical school-based training of some psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the treatment of referred patients with serious mental illness.These professional mental health specialists would also be trainers and supervisors of non-specialist health workers who would identify common mental health disorders and provide psychotherapy to people with these conditions in a community-based setting.Community-based generalism including task sharing rather than centralized specialism may be capable of preventing and treating many common mental disorders with minor financial expenditure.

A Distributed Algorithm for Parallel Multi-task Allocation Based on Profit Sharing Learning

经由联盟形成的任务分配是在多代理人系统(妈) 的几应用程序域的基本研究挑战，例如资源分配，灾难反应管理等等。怎么以一种分布式的方式分配许多未解决的任务到一些代理人，主要处理。在这篇论文，我们在自我组织、自我学习的代理人之中建议一个分布式的平行多工分配算法。处理状况，我们在二维的房间地理上驱散代理人和任务，然后介绍为寻找它的任务由的一个单个代理人的分享学习的利润(PSL ) 不断自我学习。我们也在代理人之中为通讯和协商介绍策略分配真实工作量到每个 tasked 代理人。最后，评估建议算法的有效性，我们把它与 Shehory 和 Krau 被许多研究人员在最近的年里讨论的分布式的任务分配算法作比较。试验性的结果证明建议算法罐头快速为每项任务形成一个解决的联盟。而且，建议算法罐头明确地告诉我们每个 tasked 代理人的真实工作量，并且能因此为实际控制任务提供一本特定、重要的参考书。

Task sharing: situation analysis about capacity and resources for management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan

AIM: To assess the capacity and resources of eye care facilities, using the WHO Health Systems Framework, to manage diabetic retinopathy(DR) through task sharing.METHODS: Using purposive sampling, four participants(administrators) from four selected hospitals in two provinces in Pakistan were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A survey, to assess the capacity and resources of the selected eye care facilities for the feasibility to adopt task sharing in management of DR to prevent vision loss, was emailed to participants who were asked to complete. Responses to open-ended questions were entered into a Microsoft Excel spread sheet and inductive approach was applied for analysis.RESULTS: All the surveyed eye care facilities offer eye care services for people with diabetes and DR. All surveyed eye care facilities have a shortage in the number of human resources across all cadres. Optometrists and mid-level eye care workers did not have active roles in DR screening and management in all four hospitals. All the hospitals surveyed did not have a computerized record management system for patients who visit ophthalmologists for eye examinations. Equipment for detection and management of DR were short in number and main users were ophthalmologists. There was no policy for population-based screening program for detection of DR in any of the surveyed hospitals.CONCLUSION: A system-based approach to manage DR is needed. The capacity of eye care facilities and the potential to improve access of people with diabetes to eyecare services can be enhanced through implementation of task sharing.

Effectiveness of Task Sharing and Task Shifting on the Uptake of Family Planning in Kenya

Background: Contraception is an inexpensive and cost-effective intervention, but health workforce shortages and restrictive policies on the roles of mid and lower-level cadres limit access to effective contraceptive methods in many settings. Task sharing and task shifting are strategies that can be adopted to increase uptake of health services including family planning. Methods: We collected data through online survey, key informant interviews and focused grouped discussions with an intervention group and that implemented the task sharing and task shifting policy guidelines and a control group that did not implement the policy. A total of 434 questionnaires were filled by health workers’ in primary health care facilities to assess effectiveness of task sharing and task shifting on the uptake of family planning services including its strengths and challenges. The questionnaire was designed with the aim of getting data on services provided by the cadres on effectiveness (number of clients, increase in use of methods, access to services), how they perceive these tasks, the bottlenecks and facilitating factors associated with the practice of task sharing and task shifting. Results: We found out that the task sharing and task shifting can expand and increase access to services as stated by 95% of the respondents. Most community health workers provided more of the family planning services at 45% with only 5% of the services of family planning being provided by medical officers. 98% of family planning services were integrated with other services. Task shifting was beneficial to the health care providers as well as the clients and the success of task sharing and task shifting depended on training, supportive supervision and a regulated environment through policies. Conclusion: The study shows that formalized task sharing and task shifting can increase health service uptake especially when community health workers are involved to provide services in the community. This leads to increased service provision, equivalent health professional performance across cadres and patient outcomes in the provision of family planning services.

Task Co-Representation in Aging: An Event-Related Potential Study

The goal of the present study was to investigate age-related changes in attentional allocation for shared task representations during joint performance;event-related potentials were recorded while participants performed a modified visual three-stimulus oddball task, both alone and together with another participant. Younger adults and older adults (14 each) participated in the study. Participants were required to identify rare target stimuli while ignoring frequent standards, as well as rare non-targets assigned to a partner’s action (i.e., no-go stimuli for one’s own task). ERP component, nogo-P3 and P3b were measured to investigate the inhibition and the attentional allocation to the partner’s stimuli. Results showed that younger adults elicited larger frontal nogo P3 and parietal P3b for non-targets in the joint than in the individual condition. Contrary to expectation, older adults induced frontal no-go P3 in the joint condition not in the individual condition. In the sharing of the task with another, the result suggested that the efficiency of matching of incoming information with the representation of the other’s task declined with age, whereas aging did not affect the suppression of incorrect preparation of motor responses instigated by this representation.

Roles of the eye care workforce for task sharing in management of diabetic retinopathy in Cambodia

AIM： To identify the current roles of eye and health care workers in eye care delivery and investigate their potential roles in screening and detection for management of diabetic retinopathy（DR） through task sharing.METHODS： Purposive sampling of 24 participants including health administrators, members from non-government organizations and all available eye care workers in Takeo province were recruited. This cross sectional mixed method study comprised a survey and in-depth interviews. Data were collected from medical records at Caritas Takeo Eye Hospital（CTEH） and Kiri Vong District Referral Hospital Vision Centre, and a survey and interviews with participants were done to explore the potential roles for task sharing in DR management. Qualitative data were transcribed into a text program and then entered into N-Vivo（version 10） software for data management and analysis. RESULTS： From 2009 to 2012, a total of 105 178 patients were examined and 14 030 eye surgeries were performed in CTEH by three ophthalmologists supported by ophthalmic nurses in operating and eye examination for patients. Between January 2011 and September 2012, 151 patients（72 males） with retinal pathology including 125（83%） with DR visited CTEH. In addition 170 patients with diabetes were referred to CTEH for eye examinations from Mo Po Tsyo screening programs for people with diabetes. Factors favouring task sharing included high demand for eye care services and scarcity of ophthalmologists.CONCLUSION： Task sharing and team work for eye care services is functional. Participants favor the potential role of ophthalmic nurses in screening for DR through task sharing.

混合现实中基于GPU虚拟化的AI计算优化

研究探讨混合现实(MR)应用中,通过GPU虚拟化优化AI计算,聚焦于多任务调度与资源共享。研究提出了一个模型,其包含一种根据任务优先级、资源需求和等待时间,动态为正在执行的任务分配GPU资源的机制。同时,模型采用优化的多任务调度算法,以提高调度效率。实验结果表明,尽管在单任务性能测试中模型的执行时间、GPU利用率和内存使用方面略逊于物理GPU,但在多任务并发和资源共享方面,研究提出的模型展现了显著优势。未来研究将探索设计更公平高效的资源共享策略,以及进一步优化多任务调度算法。

投桃报李:临时员工助人行为对正式员工隐性知识分享的影响机制

多元雇佣触发的员工内部关系矛盾问题日趋复杂,如何促进多元雇佣聚力发展,已成为零工经济情境下理论和实践领域着力探讨的核心议题。文章基于社会交换理论,引入关系认同和感知义务作为中介变量,将任务相依性作为边界条件,构建临时员工助人行为对正式员工隐性知识分享的双路径机理模型,旨在分析临时员工助人行为对正式员工隐性知识分享的作用效果及潜在机制。通过对三阶段收集的237份纵向数据分析表明:关系认同和感知义务在临时员工助人行为与正式员工隐性知识分享之间起中介作用;任务相依性会强化临时员工助人行为对关系认同和感知义务的影响效应,并且任务相依性能够调节关系认同和感知义务的中介路径,即任务相依性程度越强,临时员工通过关系认同和感知义务对正式员工隐性知识分享的正向影响越强。

联合语义分割的自监督单目深度估计方法

研究深度估计和语义分割的图像之间的互利关系,提出了一种联合语义分割的自监督单目深度估计方法USegDepth.语义分割和深度估计任务通过共享编码器,实现语义引导.为了进一步提高编码器的跨多任务性能,设计了多任务特征提取模块,堆叠该模块构成共享编码器,解决有限感受野和缺乏跨通道交互导致的模型特征表示能力欠佳问题,进一步提升模型精度.同时,提出跨任务交互模块,通过双向的跨域信息交互细化特征表示,提升深度估计表现,特别是光度一致性监督有限的弱纹理区域和物体边界.通过在KITTI数据集上的训练和全面评估,实验结果显示所提的USegDepth模型方法的均方相对误差相比于SGDepth降低了0.176个百分点,在阈值为1.253的阈值精度达到了98.4%,证明了USegDepth在深度预测上具有较高的准确率.

基于双流学习框架的红外小目标检测研究

为解决由于目标尺寸小、背景复杂等因素导致红外小目标检测精度难以提高的问题,提出一种基于双流学习框架红外小目标检测方法。将分割网络用于小目标检测,并将超分辨率任务作为辅助手段,引入共享特征注意力机制(SFAM),解决特征融合和迭代中的特征损失问题。通过在公共数据集上进行了4种不同场景的广泛实验,并以0.835的精度优于其他方法。同时,消融研究也证实了SFAM的重要性和可行性。

油田海陆电子文档共享系统的设计与实现

本文提出一种在多个独立部署的FileNet系统间的文档共享功能的设计思想。基于内容引擎管理方法下结合异步定时任务通过API,在海洋石油企业内让海上作业平台以更高效更便捷的方式获取陆地系统库内的共享文档。

跨领域推荐方法研究综述

近年来,随着信息技术的迅速发展的爆发性增长,这一爆发式增长推动了跨领域推荐系统的出现和发展。跨领域推荐系统的设计和实现面临着诸多挑战,包括数据异构性、领域知识融合等问题。因此,书写跨领域推荐方法的研究变得尤为重要。这些方法旨在有效地整合来自不同领域的数据和信息,同时保持推荐系统的高效性和准确性。为实现这一目标,研究者们提出了各种跨领域推荐方法,包括基于迁移学习方法、基于多任务学习的方法等跨领域推荐方法,文章将从处理步骤及优缺点梳理各跨领域推荐系统方法。

电子病历命名实体识别和实体关系抽取研究综述

电子病历(Electronic medical records,EMR)产生于临床治疗过程,其中命名实体和实体关系反映了患者健康状况,包含了大量与患者健康状况密切相关的医疗知识,因而对它们的识别和抽取是信息抽取研究在医疗领域的重要扩展.本文首先讨论了电子病历文本的语言特点和结构特点,然后在梳理了命名实体识别和实体关系抽取研究一般思路的基础上,分析了电子病历命名实体识别、实体修饰识别和实体关系抽取研究的具体任务和对应任务的主要研究方法.本文还介绍了相关的共享评测任务和标注语料库以及医疗领域几个重要的词典和知识库等资源.最后对这一研究领域仍需解决的问题和未来的发展方向作了展望.

工作记忆广度个体差异模型述评

探究工作记忆广度的个体差异对揭示工作记忆实质具有重要的意义,文章首先介绍了工作记忆广度任务的特点,其次,对目前工作记忆广度个体差异的主要理论模型进行阐述和评价,最后总结了可能影响工作记忆广度个体差异的主要因素。

供应链中的信息共享激励:动态模型

信息共享对促进整个供应链的绩效极为关键，但是供应链中的成员缺 乏进行信息共享的激励。本文以一个两阶段的多任务委托－代理模型来研究供应 链中的核心企业对其供应商进行供应活动和信息共享活动的最优激励问题， 并用它来解释供应链中合作伙伴关系的持续改善过程。结果表明：供应商努力 成本的边际替代率在信息共享以及正常供应活动的激励中起着关键性的作用。

多核多线程技术综述

分析了多核CPU和操作系统、并行计算以及多线程设计与开发之间的关系,结合一个新的性能评估算法,从线程并行数量、数据竞争、锁竞争、线程安全、数据传输、存储一致性等方面,详细分析了多核多线程开发中开发技术和存在的问题,并给出了对应的措施,最后简要论述和分析了多核多线程技术的发展趋势。

基于毁伤能力的作战任务分配方法分析与建模

在毁伤任务量及毁伤能力计算的基础上,通过作战任务分配"不合理性相对指标"的分析,提出基于毁伤能力的作战任务分配方法,明确作战任务分配时应遵循的原则,建立使"作战任务分配不合理程度"达到最小的作战任务分配模型。

论上海旅游集散中心的形成与发展

上海旅游集散中心开创了散客旅游的一种组织模式。是散客旅游需求的扩张为散客接待服务的专 业化提供了必要条件,专业化程度的提高又导致企业与企业纵向一体化的发展。

基于Greenplum的铁路数据共享平台设计

实现铁路既有信息系统数据共享,加快数据集成应用开发,是我国铁路信息化建设继续深入推进的必由之路。文章针对铁路企业既有数据资产来源广、数据源类型多种多样等特点,基于分布式数据仓库Greenplum,开发了适用于集中存储和管理铁路企业多源异构数据的数据共享平台。平台提供数据目录管理、数据采集、数据共享、运行监控管理与数据安全防护等功能,实现对铁路多源异构数据的自动采集、处理及规范化集中存储。平台采用高可靠、易扩展的架构设计及可视化技术,为平台管理员提供简便易用的可视化配置与运行管理工具,为铁路企业应用开发单位提供便捷高效、稳定可靠、安全合规的数据共享服务,较好地满足铁路企业数据集成应用开发的需要,也为铁路企业大数据应用构建起坚实的基座。该平台已在中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司启动试运行,创建了企业既有信息系统数据资产目录,已采集76种业务数据,为十多个信息系统提供稳定、高效的数据共享服务。

知识分享模式与企业技术创新能力:组织氛围的调节作用

本研究主要在于了解信息行业组织成员的知识分享对企业技术创新能力的影响,并引入组织氛围作为干扰变量,探讨它们之间的作用机制。利用调查数据并以层次回归方法进行分析。结果发现,企业的技术创新能力均受到工作任务知识分享、人际互动知识分享和实际体验知识分享的正向驱动,知识分享在驱动企业技术创新能力提升的过程中,组织氛围对这种驱动力具有促进作用。