In the future development direction of the sixth generation(6G)mobile communication,several communication models are proposed to face the growing challenges of the task.The rapid development of artificial intelligence...In the future development direction of the sixth generation(6G)mobile communication,several communication models are proposed to face the growing challenges of the task.The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)foundation models provides significant support for efficient and intelligent communication interactions.In this paper,we propose an innovative semantic communication paradigm called task-oriented semantic communication system with foundation models.First,we segment the image by using task prompts based on the segment anything model(SAM)and contrastive language-image pretraining(CLIP).Meanwhile,we adopt Bezier curve to enhance the mask to improve the segmentation accuracy.Second,we have differentiated semantic compression and transmission approaches for segmented content.Third,we fuse different semantic information based on the conditional diffusion model to generate high-quality images that satisfy the users'specific task requirements.Finally,the experimental results show that the proposed system compresses the semantic information effectively and improves the robustness of semantic communication.展开更多
BACKGROUND Eighty percent of stroke patients develop upper limb dysfunction,especially hand dysfunction,which has a very slow recovery,resulting in economic burden to families and society.AIM To investigate the impact...BACKGROUND Eighty percent of stroke patients develop upper limb dysfunction,especially hand dysfunction,which has a very slow recovery,resulting in economic burden to families and society.AIM To investigate the impact of task-oriented training based on acupuncture therapy on upper extremity function in patients with early stroke.METHODS Patients with early stroke hemiplegia who visited our hospital between January 2021 and October 2022 were divided into a control group and an observation group,each with 50 cases.The control group underwent head acupuncture plus routine upper limb rehabilitation training(acupuncture therapy).In addition to acupuncture and rehabilitation,the observation group underwent upper limb task-oriented training(30 min).Each group underwent treatment 5 d/wk for 4 wk.Upper extremity function was assessed in both groups using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity(FMA-UE),Wolf Motor Function Rating Scale(WMFT),modified Barthel Index(MBI),and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM).Quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey(SF-36).Clinical efficacy of the interventions was also evaluated.RESULTS Before intervention,no significant differences were observed in the FMA-UE,MBI,and WMFT scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After intervention,the FMA-UE,WMFT,MBI,COPM-Functional Mobility and Satisfaction,and SF-36 scores increased in both groups(P<0.05),with even higher scores in the observation group(P<0.05).The observation group also obtained a higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Task-oriented training based on acupuncture rehabilitation significantly enhanced upper extremity mobility,quality of life,and clinical efficacy in patients with early stroke.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of lower limb rehabilitation robot combined with task-oriented training on stroke patients and its influence on KFAROM score. Methods: 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to o...Objective: To explore the effect of lower limb rehabilitation robot combined with task-oriented training on stroke patients and its influence on KFAROM score. Methods: 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group (50 cases) was given task-oriented training assisted by nurses, and the observation group (50 cases) was given lower limb rehabilitation robot with task-oriented training. Lower limb balance, lower limb muscle strength, motor function, ankle function, knee flexion range of motion and walking ability were observed. Results: After treatment, the scores of BBS, quadriceps femoris and hamstrings in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of stroke patients, the combination of task-oriented training and lower limb rehabilitation robot can effectively improve the lower limb muscle strength, facilitate the recovery of balance function, and have a significant effect on the recovery of motor function, which can improve the walking ability of stroke patients and the range of motion of knee flexion, and achieve more ideal therapeutic effectiveness.展开更多
This paper concerns itself with a task-oriented approach to the pre-service teacher education in the Classroom of English Teaching Methodology （ETM）. We attempt to use an explicit theoretic framework to guide the pr...This paper concerns itself with a task-oriented approach to the pre-service teacher education in the Classroom of English Teaching Methodology （ETM）. We attempt to use an explicit theoretic framework to guide the practice of ETM classroom in teacher education. The basic assumption is that we can use methodology which we use in teaching language, and apply those techniques and methods to train student teachers. By this approach the student teachers can adopt a research orientation to their own classrooms and their own teaching, an inquiry-based and discovery-oriented approach to learning is greatly emphasized, and they also can form the habit of generating theories and hypotheses and reflecting critically on teaching.展开更多
Habitus remains an ambiguous and cryptic concept,triggering drastic debate not only in sociology and anthropology but also in culture studies and literary criticism.The topic has been cited by a range of writers,notab...Habitus remains an ambiguous and cryptic concept,triggering drastic debate not only in sociology and anthropology but also in culture studies and literary criticism.The topic has been cited by a range of writers,notably Mauss,Husserl and Bourdieu.Even Bourdieu did not provide a clear,authoritative or coherent definition of the term in his work.Due to the fact that habitus plays an indispensable part of social constructionism,which defines our understanding of the world.It is necessary for parents,schools and the government to learn about this concept,and utilize it to guide their education practice and policy enactment.This essay will explore the theoretical concept of“habitus”and its interrelationship with“field”and“capital”.Then discuss the wide disparity in different social groups,in terms of habitus and capital in China.Followed by an analysis of the imbalances in Chinese rural and urban schools respectively,in the field of English language teaching.It aims to help readers better understand the poor performance of students who come from less advantageous social groups in language learning,rather than attributing their failure to their individual defects.The essay will also introduce the 2003 English curriculum reform,illustrate the current status of its implementation in various family upbringing and school locations and put forward some feasible proposals for parents,teachers,students and government to promote social equity in English language teaching in China.展开更多
The rapid expansion of enterprises makes product collaborative design （PCD） a critical issue under the distributed heterogeneous environment, but as the collaborative task of large-scale network becomes more complic...The rapid expansion of enterprises makes product collaborative design （PCD） a critical issue under the distributed heterogeneous environment, but as the collaborative task of large-scale network becomes more complicated, neither unified task decomposition and allocation methodology nor Agent-based network management platform can satisfy the increasing demands. In this paper, to meet requirements of PCD for distributed product development, a collaborative design mechanism based on the thought of modularity and the Agent technology is presented. First, the top-down 4-tier process model based on task-oriented modular and Agent is constructed for PCD after analyzing the mapping relationships between requirements and functions in the collaborative design. Second, on basis of sub-task decomposition for PCD based on a mixed method, the mathematic model of task-oriented modular based on multi-objective optimization is established to maximize the module cohesion degree and minimize the module coupling degree, while considering the module executable degree as a restriction. The mathematic model is optimized and simulated by the modified PSO, and the decomposed modules are obtained. Finally, the Agent structure model for collaborative design is put forward, and the optimism matching Agents are selected by using similarity algorithm to implement different task-modules by the integrated reasoning and decision-making mechanism with the behavioral model of collaborative design Agents. With the results of experimental studies for automobile collaborative design, the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology of task-oriented modular and Agent-based collaborative design in the distributed heterogeneous environment are verified. On this basis, an integrative automobile collaborative R＆D platform is developed. This research provides an effective platform for automobile manufacturing enterprises to achieve PCD, and helps to promote product numeralization collaborative R＆D and management development.展开更多
On the basis of the brief introduction to CAI and some its distinctive features,this paper minutely arrives at the principles of the application of CAI in high schools and analyses the implication brought about by its...On the basis of the brief introduction to CAI and some its distinctive features,this paper minutely arrives at the principles of the application of CAI in high schools and analyses the implication brought about by its application.This research is to provide a further help for English teachers in high shools,so that the students can effectively improve the level of English language learning.展开更多
Vocabulary is the essential material of language and one of the important elements of language.Communicative approach plays a decisive role in English vocabulary teaching.It is a good teaching method to improve studen...Vocabulary is the essential material of language and one of the important elements of language.Communicative approach plays a decisive role in English vocabulary teaching.It is a good teaching method to improve students'abilities of listening and speaking.In this paper,the writer introduced several successful vocabulary teaching examples which used communicative approaches.They could be helpful for secondary school English teachers during their vocabulary teaching process.展开更多
Anxiety has an important influence on two language learning as one of the affective factors in language learning.People usually think that excessive anxiety can interfere with the learning of English,especially the sp...Anxiety has an important influence on two language learning as one of the affective factors in language learning.People usually think that excessive anxiety can interfere with the learning of English,especially the spoken English.This paper mainly studies the reasons of causing anxiety,strategies of solving speaking anxiety and help students overcome affective barriers,enhancing the level of spoken english.展开更多
In bilingual teaching,the author of this paper found some problems appearing in Sino-English speaking communication,espe cially the problems of intercultural pragmatic failures.In this paper,the author puts forward so...In bilingual teaching,the author of this paper found some problems appearing in Sino-English speaking communication,espe cially the problems of intercultural pragmatic failures.In this paper,the author puts forward some proposals to avoid them by focusing on the intercultural pragmatic failures in both English communication and English teaching.展开更多
Dialogue policy learning(DPL)is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue(TOD)system.Its goal is to decide the next action of the dialogue system,given the dialogue state at each turn based on a learned dialogue pol...Dialogue policy learning(DPL)is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue(TOD)system.Its goal is to decide the next action of the dialogue system,given the dialogue state at each turn based on a learned dialogue policy.Reinforcement learning(RL)is widely used to optimize this dialogue policy.In the learning process,the user is regarded as the environment and the system as the agent.In this paper,we present an overview of the recent advances and challenges in dialogue policy from the perspective of RL.More specifically,we identify the problems and summarize corresponding solutions for RL-based dialogue policy learning.In addition,we provide a comprehensive survey of applying RL to DPL by categorizing recent methods into five basic elements in RL.We believe this survey can shed light on future research in DPL.展开更多
This paper focuses on end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems,which jointly handle dialogue state tracking(DST)and response generation.Traditional methods usually adopt a supervised paradigm to learn DST from a manu...This paper focuses on end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems,which jointly handle dialogue state tracking(DST)and response generation.Traditional methods usually adopt a supervised paradigm to learn DST from a manually labeled corpus.However,the annotation of the corpus is costly,time-consuming,and cannot cover a wide range of domains in the real world.To solve this problem,we propose a multi-span prediction network(MSPN)that performs unsupervised DST for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue.Specifically,MSPN contains a novel split-merge copy mechanism that captures long-term dependencies in dialogues to automatically extract multiple text spans as keywords.Based on these keywords,MSPN uses a semantic distance based clustering approach to obtain the values of each slot.In addition,we propose an ontology-based reinforcement learning approach,which employs the values of each slot to train MSPN to generate relevant values.Experimental results on single-domain and multi-domain task-oriented dialogue datasets show that MSPN achieves state-of-the-art performance with significant improvements.Besides,we construct a new Chinese dialogue dataset MeDial in the low-resource medical domain,which further demonstrates the adaptability of MSPN.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(62001246,62231017,62201277,62071255)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20220390+3 种基金Key R and D Program of Jiangsu Province Key project and topics under Grant(BE2021095,BE2023035)the Natural Science Research Startup Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY221011)National Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z202372013)Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology(Xiamen University)of the Ministry of Education,China(No.UAC202304)。
文摘In the future development direction of the sixth generation(6G)mobile communication,several communication models are proposed to face the growing challenges of the task.The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)foundation models provides significant support for efficient and intelligent communication interactions.In this paper,we propose an innovative semantic communication paradigm called task-oriented semantic communication system with foundation models.First,we segment the image by using task prompts based on the segment anything model(SAM)and contrastive language-image pretraining(CLIP).Meanwhile,we adopt Bezier curve to enhance the mask to improve the segmentation accuracy.Second,we have differentiated semantic compression and transmission approaches for segmented content.Third,we fuse different semantic information based on the conditional diffusion model to generate high-quality images that satisfy the users'specific task requirements.Finally,the experimental results show that the proposed system compresses the semantic information effectively and improves the robustness of semantic communication.
文摘BACKGROUND Eighty percent of stroke patients develop upper limb dysfunction,especially hand dysfunction,which has a very slow recovery,resulting in economic burden to families and society.AIM To investigate the impact of task-oriented training based on acupuncture therapy on upper extremity function in patients with early stroke.METHODS Patients with early stroke hemiplegia who visited our hospital between January 2021 and October 2022 were divided into a control group and an observation group,each with 50 cases.The control group underwent head acupuncture plus routine upper limb rehabilitation training(acupuncture therapy).In addition to acupuncture and rehabilitation,the observation group underwent upper limb task-oriented training(30 min).Each group underwent treatment 5 d/wk for 4 wk.Upper extremity function was assessed in both groups using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity(FMA-UE),Wolf Motor Function Rating Scale(WMFT),modified Barthel Index(MBI),and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM).Quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey(SF-36).Clinical efficacy of the interventions was also evaluated.RESULTS Before intervention,no significant differences were observed in the FMA-UE,MBI,and WMFT scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After intervention,the FMA-UE,WMFT,MBI,COPM-Functional Mobility and Satisfaction,and SF-36 scores increased in both groups(P<0.05),with even higher scores in the observation group(P<0.05).The observation group also obtained a higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Task-oriented training based on acupuncture rehabilitation significantly enhanced upper extremity mobility,quality of life,and clinical efficacy in patients with early stroke.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of lower limb rehabilitation robot combined with task-oriented training on stroke patients and its influence on KFAROM score. Methods: 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group (50 cases) was given task-oriented training assisted by nurses, and the observation group (50 cases) was given lower limb rehabilitation robot with task-oriented training. Lower limb balance, lower limb muscle strength, motor function, ankle function, knee flexion range of motion and walking ability were observed. Results: After treatment, the scores of BBS, quadriceps femoris and hamstrings in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of stroke patients, the combination of task-oriented training and lower limb rehabilitation robot can effectively improve the lower limb muscle strength, facilitate the recovery of balance function, and have a significant effect on the recovery of motor function, which can improve the walking ability of stroke patients and the range of motion of knee flexion, and achieve more ideal therapeutic effectiveness.
文摘This paper concerns itself with a task-oriented approach to the pre-service teacher education in the Classroom of English Teaching Methodology （ETM）. We attempt to use an explicit theoretic framework to guide the practice of ETM classroom in teacher education. The basic assumption is that we can use methodology which we use in teaching language, and apply those techniques and methods to train student teachers. By this approach the student teachers can adopt a research orientation to their own classrooms and their own teaching, an inquiry-based and discovery-oriented approach to learning is greatly emphasized, and they also can form the habit of generating theories and hypotheses and reflecting critically on teaching.
文摘Habitus remains an ambiguous and cryptic concept,triggering drastic debate not only in sociology and anthropology but also in culture studies and literary criticism.The topic has been cited by a range of writers,notably Mauss,Husserl and Bourdieu.Even Bourdieu did not provide a clear,authoritative or coherent definition of the term in his work.Due to the fact that habitus plays an indispensable part of social constructionism,which defines our understanding of the world.It is necessary for parents,schools and the government to learn about this concept,and utilize it to guide their education practice and policy enactment.This essay will explore the theoretical concept of“habitus”and its interrelationship with“field”and“capital”.Then discuss the wide disparity in different social groups,in terms of habitus and capital in China.Followed by an analysis of the imbalances in Chinese rural and urban schools respectively,in the field of English language teaching.It aims to help readers better understand the poor performance of students who come from less advantageous social groups in language learning,rather than attributing their failure to their individual defects.The essay will also introduce the 2003 English curriculum reform,illustrate the current status of its implementation in various family upbringing and school locations and put forward some feasible proposals for parents,teachers,students and government to promote social equity in English language teaching in China.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2009ZX04014-103)PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20100072110038)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61075064,61034004,61005090)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.NECT-10-0633)
文摘The rapid expansion of enterprises makes product collaborative design （PCD） a critical issue under the distributed heterogeneous environment, but as the collaborative task of large-scale network becomes more complicated, neither unified task decomposition and allocation methodology nor Agent-based network management platform can satisfy the increasing demands. In this paper, to meet requirements of PCD for distributed product development, a collaborative design mechanism based on the thought of modularity and the Agent technology is presented. First, the top-down 4-tier process model based on task-oriented modular and Agent is constructed for PCD after analyzing the mapping relationships between requirements and functions in the collaborative design. Second, on basis of sub-task decomposition for PCD based on a mixed method, the mathematic model of task-oriented modular based on multi-objective optimization is established to maximize the module cohesion degree and minimize the module coupling degree, while considering the module executable degree as a restriction. The mathematic model is optimized and simulated by the modified PSO, and the decomposed modules are obtained. Finally, the Agent structure model for collaborative design is put forward, and the optimism matching Agents are selected by using similarity algorithm to implement different task-modules by the integrated reasoning and decision-making mechanism with the behavioral model of collaborative design Agents. With the results of experimental studies for automobile collaborative design, the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology of task-oriented modular and Agent-based collaborative design in the distributed heterogeneous environment are verified. On this basis, an integrative automobile collaborative R＆D platform is developed. This research provides an effective platform for automobile manufacturing enterprises to achieve PCD, and helps to promote product numeralization collaborative R＆D and management development.
文摘On the basis of the brief introduction to CAI and some its distinctive features,this paper minutely arrives at the principles of the application of CAI in high schools and analyses the implication brought about by its application.This research is to provide a further help for English teachers in high shools,so that the students can effectively improve the level of English language learning.
文摘Vocabulary is the essential material of language and one of the important elements of language.Communicative approach plays a decisive role in English vocabulary teaching.It is a good teaching method to improve students'abilities of listening and speaking.In this paper,the writer introduced several successful vocabulary teaching examples which used communicative approaches.They could be helpful for secondary school English teachers during their vocabulary teaching process.
文摘Anxiety has an important influence on two language learning as one of the affective factors in language learning.People usually think that excessive anxiety can interfere with the learning of English,especially the spoken English.This paper mainly studies the reasons of causing anxiety,strategies of solving speaking anxiety and help students overcome affective barriers,enhancing the level of spoken english.
文摘In bilingual teaching,the author of this paper found some problems appearing in Sino-English speaking communication,espe cially the problems of intercultural pragmatic failures.In this paper,the author puts forward some proposals to avoid them by focusing on the intercultural pragmatic failures in both English communication and English teaching.
基金Innovation and Technology Fund(ITF),Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR),China(No.PRP-054-21FX).
文摘Dialogue policy learning(DPL)is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue(TOD)system.Its goal is to decide the next action of the dialogue system,given the dialogue state at each turn based on a learned dialogue policy.Reinforcement learning(RL)is widely used to optimize this dialogue policy.In the learning process,the user is regarded as the environment and the system as the agent.In this paper,we present an overview of the recent advances and challenges in dialogue policy from the perspective of RL.More specifically,we identify the problems and summarize corresponding solutions for RL-based dialogue policy learning.In addition,we provide a comprehensive survey of applying RL to DPL by categorizing recent methods into five basic elements in RL.We believe this survey can shed light on future research in DPL.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2020AAA0106400the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61922085 and 61976211+2 种基金the Independent Research Project of National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition under Grant No.Z-2018013the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)under Grant No.ZDBS-SSW-JSC006the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS under Grant No.201912.
文摘This paper focuses on end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems,which jointly handle dialogue state tracking(DST)and response generation.Traditional methods usually adopt a supervised paradigm to learn DST from a manually labeled corpus.However,the annotation of the corpus is costly,time-consuming,and cannot cover a wide range of domains in the real world.To solve this problem,we propose a multi-span prediction network(MSPN)that performs unsupervised DST for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue.Specifically,MSPN contains a novel split-merge copy mechanism that captures long-term dependencies in dialogues to automatically extract multiple text spans as keywords.Based on these keywords,MSPN uses a semantic distance based clustering approach to obtain the values of each slot.In addition,we propose an ontology-based reinforcement learning approach,which employs the values of each slot to train MSPN to generate relevant values.Experimental results on single-domain and multi-domain task-oriented dialogue datasets show that MSPN achieves state-of-the-art performance with significant improvements.Besides,we construct a new Chinese dialogue dataset MeDial in the low-resource medical domain,which further demonstrates the adaptability of MSPN.
