Survey on Fertility of Tea Garden Soil in Meizhou Region

Survey on fertility of tea garden soil in Meizhou region indicates that tea garden soil has strong acidity; organic matter content remains at medium level; there is a severe lack of available content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K); available calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) content is also insufficient; available sulfur(S) is abundant. In the management of tea cultivation,it is recommended to supplement organic fertilizer,balance the application of NPK fertilizer,and adequately alleviate shortage of Ca and Mg element,to guarantee high and stable yield of tea.

Distribution of Aluminum and Fluoride in Tea Plant and Soil of Tea Garden in Central and Southwest China

The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter （OM）, Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe.Mn oxide〉Alorganic〉mlwater.soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm. The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant （r=0.8763, p〈0.01, n=36）. There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant （r=0.7029, p〈0.01, n=34）. The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.

Effects of Different Farming Methods and Their Effects on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Guilin Maojian Tea Gardens

In order to further optimize the cultivation and agronomic technology of Guilin Maojian tea gardens, the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods and their effects on the physiochemical properties of tea garden soil were studied through the modification of the test sites with the non-farming land as the control. The results showed that human farming, mini-tiller farming and crawler tractor farming could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. After farming, the soil had good water retention but low moisture content compared to the control group, while the soil bulk density and hardness value were significantly lower than those of the control, and the porosity of soil was significantly higher than that of contrast. With the passage of time, soil bulk density and hardness value gradually increased after farming, while the porosity of soil decreased gradually. There were great differences in the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods. Crawler tractor had the best and most stable farming effect, and the operation efficiency was 10 times that of human farming while the cost was only 0.39 times of human farming. Therefore, it was feasible to adopt mini-tiller or crawler tractor to carry out mechanical farming of Guilin Maojian tea garden, which provided theoretical references for the soil property improvement using mechanical farming and was favorable for promoting the popularization of farming machines and the acceleration of mechanization of tea gardens. But for tea plantations that are intended to be mechanized, apart from the mechanical and technical personnel to be configured in place, the site conditions, planting modes and mechanical way reservation of tea garden should be planned accordingly. It is recommended to select flat or gentle slope for reclamation, and preference is given to non-sexual tea tree varieties with big line spacing over 180 cm long. Moreover, the main road construction should be more than 3.0 m, and trunk road 2.0 m or above. And isolation ditch and drain should be set between the tea garden and the surrounding mountain forests and farmland.

Effects of Tannic Acid on Active Aluminum Species Distribution in Various Tea Soils

Effects of tannic acid on active aluminum species distribution in different pH tea soils in Yunnan and Jiangxi tea gardens were studied by field observation and laboratory analysis.There were 4 species of active aluminum in the tea soil,i.e.,exchangeable aluminum Al3 +,unimer hydroxyl aluminum Al(OH)2 +Al(OH)+2,acid-soluble aluminum Al(OH)03and humic-acid aluminum Al-HA.Experimental results showed that tannic acid at levels 0 ~0.4 mmol/kg and 0 ~ 2.0 mmol/kg,with the rising of soil pH value,the content of exchangeable aluminum decreased significantly,hydroxyl aluminum,acid-soluble aluminum and humic-acid aluminum were increased gently.When the concentration of tannic acid increased to above 2.0 mmol/kg,the inhibition of higher concentration of tannic acid on content of active aluminum was strengthened with the rising of soil pH value and variation law of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer was similar to 0 ~ 20cm soil layer.Generally speaking,the content of active aluminum in upper layer of soil were more than subsoil and total content of active aluminum in Yunnan tea soils were higher than Jiangxi tea soils.The correlation analysis showed that the soil pH were positively correlated with hydroxyl aluminum,humic-acid aluminum,pHBC(r = 0.796,0.960,0.852;p < 0.01,0.01,0.01) in 0 ~ 20cm soil layer.pHBC were significant negative correlated with exchangeable aluminum(r =- 904,p < 0.01),hydroxyl aluminum(r =- 645,p < 0.05),and with humic-acid aluminum have a positive correlation,correlation coefficient was0.795(P < 0.05).Meanwhile,the tannic acid addition concentration were 0 ~ 0.4 mmol/kg soils pH were increased significantly,while samples attains a peak pH value afterwards decrease continuously,the relationship between the pH and the concentration of tannic acids accords with the equation:Y pH=- 0.04C DN+3.82(R2= 0.95,P < 0.01).When the concentration of tannic acid up to about 8.0 ~ 12.0 mmol/kg,soil pH keep unchanged.Therefore,we can clearly draw that effects of tannic acid on active aluminum content of the inflection point is not the same in different region of tea garden soil.Low concentration tannic acid can improve the soil content of various forms of aluminum,but with the increase in the amount of tannic acid,the various forms of aluminum content are inhibited.With the soil pH increased,high concentrations tannic acid on the inhibition of the release of active aluminum increased.pH and tannic acid on the total amount of active aluminum garden soil was mutual weakening effect relationship.

施用不同调理剂对酸化茶园土壤化学性质及茶叶品质的影响

针对茶园土壤酸化问题,利用不同配方调理剂对其进行土壤改良。采用田间微区试验的方法,以种植英红九号年限分别为2年(幼龄)和8年(成龄)茶园为研究对象,设置4个不同处理:不施调理剂(CK)、调理剂Ⅰ(生物炭,T1)、调理剂Ⅱ(生物炭+石灰,T2)及调理剂Ⅲ(生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥,T3),施用量为20 t·hm^(-2)。通过2年定位试验,研究3种调理剂对茶园土壤的主要化学性质及茶叶品质的影响。土壤分析表明,与对照组相比,2年的试验周期中,2种茶园的土壤pH均呈现先升后降的趋势,试验4个月后施用调理剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的幼龄茶园土壤pH值分别升高了0.11、0.20和0.22个单位,成龄茶园pH值分别升高了0.15、0.16和0.38个单位,但经过16个月后pH值又会逐渐下降。幼龄茶园土壤有效磷和速效钾含量均有显著升高,而成龄茶园只有速效钾含量显著升高。茶叶品质分析表明,与CK相比,试验4个月后幼龄茶园调理剂处理组茶叶的水浸出物含量分别显著增加6.66%、6.30%和6.80%。施用调理剂可以改善茶园酸性土壤,增加土壤肥力和茶叶内含物质含量。

有机种植方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的影响

土壤过度酸化是影响茶产业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,为了解有机管理方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的长期影响,以常规茶园为对照,研究了我国18个省份84个产茶县有机管理1~21 a对茶园土壤pH的影响。结果表明,有机茶园比常规茶园土壤pH平均高0.36,达极显著水平;随着有机管理年份的增加,茶园土壤pH总体为先显著上升、后显著下降并维持相对平稳,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的pH比常规茶园分别高0.48、0.23、0.28和0.30,均达显著或极显著水平;有机管理方式还有利于土壤pH向最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展,pH 4.5~5.5的茶园占比,常规茶园为41.9%,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的茶园分别为53.1%、48.9%、58.7%和66.7%,总体随有机管理年限的增加而增加。可见,有机管理方式能防止茶园土壤严重酸化,使土壤pH向着最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展。

天然林改造为单一茶园前后不同生境土壤丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性的差异

在贵州省遵义市正安县和湄潭县,选择地理位置相邻的3种生境类型样地——天然林、由天然林改造而来的人工林、不同种植年限茶园(茶园依据种植年限(t)不同划分为5组:t<10 a、10 a≤t<20 a、20 a≤t<30 a、30 a≤t<40 a、t≥40 a);采用分层随机抽样法设计3种生境的土壤样品采集,共选取37个采样点(茶园17个、天然林10个、人工林10个),统一采集深为5~40 cm的根际土壤,每个样点采集3~5份混合土壤作为重复,共采集128份土壤样品;参照相关标准和规范测定土壤理化性质(pH、有机质质量分数、全氮质量分数、全磷质量分数、全钾质量分数、解氮质量分数、有效磷质量分数、速效钾质量分数、土壤粒径、质地类型),采用湿筛倾注-蔗糖离心法进行土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌孢子分离和形态鉴定,采用孢子密度、物种丰富度、分离频度、相对多度、重要值、香农-威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener Index)、辛普森多样性指数(Simpson Index)、皮卢均匀度指数(Pielou’s Evenness Index)评估丛枝菌根真菌群落结构;采用聚类分析法、冗余分析(RDA)法、方差分析法,分析3种生境土壤丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性的差异。结果表明:3种生境中共检出7科11属48种丛枝菌根真菌。孢子密度、物种丰富度、香农-威纳多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数,在天然林土壤中最高、茶园土壤中次之、人工林土壤中最低。种植年限小于20 a的茶园土壤中丛枝菌根真菌物种组成与人工林相似,主要受土壤因子的影响;而种植年限大于20 a的茶园土壤中丛枝菌根真菌物种组成丰富,接近天然林,受土壤因子和宿主植物的双重影响。说明人为因素引起的生境变化会影响丛枝菌根真菌物种组成,扰动后的丛枝菌根真菌生态平衡重建需要一定年限。

接种蚯蚓对有机茶园土壤结构及有机碳库的影响

为探讨接种蚯蚓对有机茶园土壤团聚体、孔隙分布及有机碳库的影响,设置375条/m^(2),250条/m^(2),125条/m^(2)三种蚯蚓投放密度,将威廉腔环蚓接种于信阳有机茶园土壤中。结果表明:接种蚯蚓能显著提升>2mm大团聚体的比例而降低<0.25mm粒径的微团聚体的比例;提高水稳性小团聚体(0.25mm≤d≤2mm)比例,但对水稳性大团聚体d>2mm的影响不显著;高密度蚯蚓处理平均重量直径(MWD),平均几何直径(NWD)以及分型维数(D),团聚体破坏率(PAD)显著高于其他密度处理及对照(CK)。接种蚯蚓使得结构性孔隙(土壤颗粒间和团聚体间孔隙)所占比重增加,其中以团聚体间孔隙增加最为显著,其次为颗粒间孔隙,对由粘粒及矿物层间形成的毛管孔隙分布无显著影响;随着接种密度的增加,颗粒间孔隙度变化不显著而团聚体间孔隙度的相对值和绝对值均显著增加。添加蚯蚓能显著增加土壤活性有机库总量。接种密度的增加对活性有机碳库总量影响不大,但对土壤呼吸速率提升较多,故从温室气体排放角度考虑低接种密度更合适。可见,有机茶园中少量接种蚯蚓即能达到改良土壤结构的效果,并能缓解由于采茶造成的土壤压实问题。

基于Meta分析的2000—2022年中国茶园土壤重金属污染风险评价与来源分析

重金属污染是影响茶园生态环境和茶叶产品安全的重要因素之一。针对我国主要茶产区(湖北、湖南、福建、云南、贵州、四川等省份),搜集调查茶园土壤重金属Cu、Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Ni污染的相关文献,使用Meta分析方法计算单个研究的权重,从而获得各省份及全国茶园土壤重金属浓度的加权平均值,采用潜在生态风险指数法和地质积累指数法进行生态风险评估,并通过APCS-MLR模型进行来源分析。结果表明,与背景值相比,8种重金属均有一定程度的富集,其中Hg、Cd污染较为严重,Hg中度及以上风险主要分布在贵州、陕西、四川和安徽等内陆省份,Cd中度及以上风险主要分布于广东、福建、浙江、江苏、山东、海南等沿海省份,两种重金属主要表现为轻微至中度风险。与世界其他国家相比,发展中国家的茶园或农业用地重金属含量普遍较高,Cd、Hg是污染程度较为严重的元素。来源分析结果表明,第一、第二、第三、第四主成分分别为自然源、工业活动污染源、交通废气污染源、农业活动污染源,工农业活动是主要污染因素,Hg主要来自工业活动,Cd主要来自农业活动。

普洱市茶园土壤pH、有机质和中微量养分分析及肥力综合评价

【目的】采用土壤肥力综合评价指数法对普洱市茶园土壤pH、有机质和中微量元素含量进行综合评价,为普洱市茶园土壤养分管理和茶叶品质提升提供科学指导。【方法】采集普洱市4个典型茶叶种植区的40个茶园土壤样品,测定土壤pH、有机质及中微量元素(钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌)有效含量,采用隶属度函数模型计算土壤肥力综合指数,综合评价普洱市茶园土壤养分特征和肥力质量。【结果】普洱市茶园土壤总体呈酸性,pH为4.0~5.8,平均值为4.8。土壤有机质、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量为4.9~41.6 g/kg、87.7~2351.9 mg/kg、56.9~272.2 mg/kg、40.3~107.3 mg/kg、2.8~64.8 mg/kg、0.3~2.9 mg/kg和0.5~5.2 mg/kg,平均值为23.4 g/kg、853.8 mg/kg、134.5 mg/kg、77.8 mg/kg、38.3 mg/kg、1.2 mg/kg和2.7 mg/kg,平均含量均达适宜水平,但不同茶园空间分布差异较大。其中,95.0%茶园表层土壤有机质含量、55.0%茶园土壤有效钙含量、62.5%茶园土壤有效镁含量达适宜及以上水平,95.0%以上茶园土壤的微量元素有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量适宜茶树生长。茶园土壤肥力综合指数为0.59~1.00,平均值为0.83,土壤营养状况总体较好。土壤肥力综合指数与有机质、有效镁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】普洱市茶园土壤pH、有机质含量适宜高产优质茶树种植,针对土壤有效钙和有效镁等中量元素含量不足,铁、锰、铜、锌等微量元素含量过高及养分空间分布不均衡现状,需进行优化施肥和科学精准施肥,适当控制微量元素投入,加强茶园土壤测土配方工作,以维持普洱市茶园的高产优质生产。

有机种植对茶园土壤微生物群落组成与多样性的影响

为揭示有机种植对土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的影响,以云南省勐腊县3座代表性古茶山(蛮砖、易武、攸乐)的古茶园、现代茶园、橡胶园、荒地4种类型土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq PE300高通量测序技术测定其细菌和真菌群落结构,分析有机种植及种植年限对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构特征与多样性的影响。结果表明,有机种植可促进土壤有机质积累和氮磷钾养分含量提高。3座茶山土壤细菌共有运算分类单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目为381个,其中,易武荒地特有OTU最多(293个),蛮砖橡胶园特有OTU最少(28个);而真菌共有OTU数目仅为24个,蛮砖古茶园特有OTU最多(337个),易武现代茶园特有OTU最少(55个)。细菌的Shannon多样性指数达5.88~6.62,明显高于真菌的2.71~4.30。茶园土壤优势细菌和真菌门与非茶园土壤基本相似,但酸微菌目(Acidimicrobiales)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、Varibacter属、黄色杆菌科(Xanthobacteraceae)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)、Bryobacter属、Acidibacter属、浮霉菌科(Planctomycetaceae)等在不同茶山和土地利用方式间的相对丰度差异显著;与荒地和橡胶园相比,茶园土壤真菌群落的毛壳菌科(Chaetomiaceae)、青霉菌属(Penicillium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)、伞菌目(Agaricales)和散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)等的相对丰度较高。细菌群落丰度指数Chao1与土壤全氮和全磷呈显著正相关,3座茶山的细菌群落组成较真菌群落更为稳定。除个别茶园土壤外,有机种植下土壤细菌丰度随年限增加而上升,真菌丰度随年限增加先降低后升高,现代茶园和古茶园细菌与真菌的多样性水平则随种植年限增加而下降。

福建典型茶园土壤真菌群落特征对不同活性有机碳组分的影响

选择福鼎市白琳镇、磻溪镇、管阳镇、太姥山镇和点头镇5个乡镇典型茶园土壤作为研究对象,分析茶园土壤中真菌群落特征及其对不同活性有机碳组分的影响。结果表明:①茶园土壤中易氧化态有机碳(EOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量均值分别为6.11 mg/g、200.85 mg/kg和68.27 mg/kg,EOC/SOC、MBC/SOC、DOC/SOC占比均值分别为34.05%、1.14%、0.42%;②茶园土壤真菌群落OTU数为点头镇>白琳镇>管阳镇>太姥山镇>磻溪镇,其中优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),优势菌属为原隐球菌属(Saitozyma)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)和Pleuroascus,不同茶园土壤中的真菌群落组成结构相似,但真菌多样性指数差异显著(P<0.05);③真菌群落多样性特征方面,EOC、DOC含量与真菌群落多样性存在显著相关性(P<0.05);在真菌群落组成结构方面,Pleuroascus、Cpronia、Chloridum、Cladophialophora相对丰度与DOC、MBC含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),Moritierella、Westerdykella相对丰度与DOC、MBC含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);在真菌群落功能预测方面,腐生营养型真菌对土壤不同活性有机碳组分的积累影响显著。

Soil Microbial Community Structure in Diverse Land Use Systems:A Comparative Study Using Biolog,DGGE,and PLFA Analyses

Biolog, 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, and phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） analyses were used to assess soil microbial community characteristics in a chronosequence of tea garden systems （8-, 50-, and 90- year-old tea gardens）, an adjacent wasteland, and a 90-year-old forest. Biolog analysis showed that the average well color development （AWCD） of all carbon sources and the functional diversity based on the Shannon index decreased （P 〈 0.05） in the following order： wasteland 〉 forest 〉 tea garden. For the DCCE analysis, the genetic diversity based on the Shannon index was significantly lower in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland. However, compared to the 90-year-old forest, the tea garden soils showed significantly higher genetic diversity. PLFA analysis showed that the ratio of Gram positive bacteria to Cram negative bacteria was significantly higher in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland, and the highest value was found in the 90-year-old forest. Both the fungal PLFA and the ratio of fungi to bacteria were significantly higher in the three tea garden soils than in the wasteland and forest, indicating that fungal PLFA was significantly affected by land-use change. Based on cluster analysis of the soil microbial community structure, all three analytical methods showed that land-use change had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure than tea garden age.

有机和常规管理对茶园土壤固碳的影响——以林地为对照

为探究有机和常规管理方式对茶园土壤有机碳的影响,选择云南省普洱市思茅区常规管理茶园、有机管理茶园和附近自然林地3种典型土地利用类型,通过测定0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、非活性有机碳(NLOC)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)和矿物结合态有机碳(MOC)含量,计算土壤各组分有机碳的分配比例以及土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI),研究3种土地利用方式下土壤有机碳各组分含量和质量的变化特征。结果显示:1)常规管理茶园的SOC含量和储量分别比自然林地低48.67%~51.94%和27.25%~35.71%(P<0.05),而有机管理茶园的SOC含量和储量比常规管理茶园分别高52.09%~62.86%、15.54%~20.26%(P<0.05)。2)常规管理茶园的EOC、NLOC、POC和MOC含量均低于自然林地(P<0.05),而有机管理茶园的EOC、NLOC、POC和MOC含量比常规管理茶园分别高出46.39%~57.89%、54.24%~66.15%、80.87%~121.01%和40.07%~46.28%(P<0.05)。3)与自然林地相比,常规管理茶园的POC/SOC、NLOC/SOC较低,有机管理茶园的POC/SOC、NLOC/SOC则高于常规管理茶园。4)常规管理茶园具有较高的CPAI和较低的CPMI,常规管理茶园的CPMI比自然林地低24.53%~46.12%,有机管理茶园的CPMI比常规管理茶园高67.88%~100.33%,其差异均显著(P<0.05)。以上研究结果表明,与自然林地相比,常规管理的茶园土壤有机碳含量和土壤碳库质量下降,存在一定程度的土地退化,而有机管理是提高茶园土壤碳库质量的有效措施。

炭基肥对老茶园土壤有机碳矿化温度敏感性的影响

采取室内恒温培养法,以施用炭基肥(BF)、不施炭基肥(CK)的40a茶园土壤为研究对象,设定15℃、25℃和35℃共3种不同温度场景,连续监测土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)矿化特征并分析有机碳矿化温度敏感性,为评估老茶园固碳减排及障碍消减提供参考。结果表明:(1)炭基肥提升了温变场景下茶园土壤pH值和SOC含量。15℃、25℃和35℃培养温度下,BF处理的土壤pH值较CK处理分别增加0.45、0.07和0.28个单位;BF处理的SOC含量较CK处理分别提高22.19%、16.65%和25.50%。(2)炭基肥增加了温变场景下茶园SOC累计矿化量、潜在矿化势(C_(S))及土壤呼吸强度,对SOC矿化呈现正激发效应。15℃、25℃和35℃培养温度下,BF处理的SOC累计矿化量较CK处理分别提高15.61%、46.51%和36.89%。BF处理的C_(S)值随温度升高呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势,25℃培养温度下BF处理的C_(S)值较15℃和35℃培养温度下分别提高147.11%和29.21%。(3)炭基肥降低温度升高处理下茶园SOC矿化温度敏感性。25~35℃温度范围内,BF处理的Q_(10)(土壤有机碳矿化温度敏感性)值较CK处理降低6.25%;BF处理在25~35℃温度范围内Q_(10)值较15~25℃温度范围内的Q_(10)值降低25%。说明施用炭基肥可有效改良40a茶园土壤理化性质,增加土壤固碳,并提升茶园土壤碳库应对温度变化的稳定性,炭基肥利于优化低产老龄茶园可持续生产管理。

林芝市茶园土壤肥力综合评价

为全面了解林芝市茶园土壤的肥力水平,本研究在波密县、察隅县、墨脱县、易贡茶场、察隅农场和鲁朗景区管理委员会6个茶叶主产区,从茶园及其附近农田、荒地取土91份,选取土壤有机质、pH值、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、有效钼、有效硫、有效硅和水溶性盐总量15个评价指标,以农田土壤为对照,综合评价林芝市茶园土壤肥力。结果表明:茶园土壤有机质高于附近农田土壤,茶园土壤pH值低于附近农田土壤,茶园全氮、有效磷、速效钾等土壤养分与附近农田土壤整体差异不大。茶园科学合理管理可在一定程度上提高土壤的保肥能力和缓冲性能,但长期种植茶叶会造成土壤酸化,降低土壤某些养分的有效性。

杭州市主要茶园酸化趋势与控制因素分析

土壤酸化已成为制约茶产业发展的一个重要因素。以促进杭州地区茶园的可持续发展为目标,作者在杭州主导的茶园中设立了30个持久固定的监测点,通过连续8年的观察和监测,分析了土壤酸化的现状、酸化速率以及它们与酸雨、土壤特性的关系。研究结果表明,有90.0%的茶园面临着土壤酸化的严重问题,其中pH<4.0的严重酸化茶园占到了50.0%;相比于2015年的基准监测数据,有29个茶园的土壤pH出现了不同程度的降低,只有1个茶园的土壤pH有所上升。平均酸化速率每年下降0.022个单位。茶园土壤酸化程度与酸雨的强度和成土条件有关,其pH的下降速率与有机质、阳离子交换量及交换性盐基总量呈极显著负相关。

杭州余杭径山茶园土壤养分状况及肥力质量评价

深入了解余杭区茶园土壤养分状况与肥力水平,可为该区径山茶园土壤改良、精准施肥以及优质径山茶叶生产提供科学依据。本研究对余杭区径山茶园面积集中的7个镇街进行实地调查和布点采样,采集并分析了36个样点径山茶园土壤,检测6个肥力指标,既土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,并采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型,通过计算土壤肥力综合指数(IFI),对余杭区土壤养分状况进行数值化综合评价。结果表明:余杭径山茶园土壤有酸化趋势;茶园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量整体丰富,平均值均达到I级优质标准;91.7%的径山茶园土壤肥力综合指数IFI达到I级优质标准,8.3%达到II级标准,余杭径山茶园土壤适宜种植径山茶树。

云南古茶园茶树土壤菌群对营养元素的循环响应

为研究茶叶生长的土壤表层不同深度的营养元素循环与土壤细菌之间的相互作用,本文以云南省临沧市大寨古茶园为研究对象,采集了岩石、土壤和茶叶样品。土壤细菌群落及营养元素含量用Illumina高通量测序技术和ICP-AES地球化学分析方法测量。结果表明,(1)云南古茶园表层土壤中,P、K、Ca、Mg、Na相对于背景值较为匮乏。土壤营养元素的迁移富集能力排序为K>Fe>Mn>Mg>P>Ca>S>Cu>Na,其中K、Fe的迁移富集系数大于1;茶叶生物富集系数的排序为Ca>P>Mn>K>Na>Cu>Mg>S>Al>Fe,其中Ca、P、Mn、K的系数大于1,表明其会在茶叶中积累,且随土壤深度增加而递增;(2)D1~D6深度土壤中均以酸杆菌门、变形菌门及绿弯菌门为主要优势类群。蛋白菌、浮霉菌门及放线菌门的相对丰度会随土壤深度增加而减少;硝化螺旋菌门则会随土壤深度增加而增加;(3)K、Fe、Cu、Na、P、Mn、S在风化成土阶段与土壤菌群之间的正反馈作用可以促进茶叶生长,而在茶叶生长阶段表现出的负相关关系则与茶树生长的新陈代谢过程有关。

不同植茶年份土壤性质差异研究

为提升茶园土壤质量,该研究采集了一系列不同植茶年份的土壤,以探究杭州市富阳区茶园土壤质量随植茶年份的变化情况。根据国家第二次土壤普查提出的土壤养分评价标准对本研究茶园土样养分状况进行丰缺性评价;引入单因子污染指数法和Nemerow综合污染指数法来评价金属污染情况。结果表明,常年植茶会导致土壤pH值下降,而土壤中有机质含量随植茶时间增加上升,有效磷呈下降趋势,全氮和速效钾含量先上升后下降。微量元素中有效铁、有效锰、有效锌和有效铜含量均增加。据此研究结果,可以为更好地施用肥料、肥力维护和改良土壤提供数据支撑。