Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed t...Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.展开更多
采用绿色亚临界水同步提取了油茶籽中的茶籽油及茶皂素。在考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比和压力对茶籽油及茶皂素提取率影响的基础上,进一步利用Box-Benhnken试验设计方法对提取工艺进行优化。用GC-MS对试验提取的茶籽油和索氏提取的...采用绿色亚临界水同步提取了油茶籽中的茶籽油及茶皂素。在考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比和压力对茶籽油及茶皂素提取率影响的基础上,进一步利用Box-Benhnken试验设计方法对提取工艺进行优化。用GC-MS对试验提取的茶籽油和索氏提取的茶籽油中的脂肪酸成分进行测量和比较。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:提取温度125℃、提取时间32 min、液料比11∶1 m L/g、压力3 MPa;在此条件下茶籽油提取率为(92.06±1.61)%、茶皂素提取率为(72.2±1.06)%。通过气质分析发现,与索氏提取法相比,试验提取的茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,表明亚临界水法提取的茶籽油品质更优。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (31272472)project grants from Meat & Livestock Australia,Fisheries and Forestry in Australia and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)。
文摘Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.
文摘采用绿色亚临界水同步提取了油茶籽中的茶籽油及茶皂素。在考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比和压力对茶籽油及茶皂素提取率影响的基础上,进一步利用Box-Benhnken试验设计方法对提取工艺进行优化。用GC-MS对试验提取的茶籽油和索氏提取的茶籽油中的脂肪酸成分进行测量和比较。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:提取温度125℃、提取时间32 min、液料比11∶1 m L/g、压力3 MPa;在此条件下茶籽油提取率为(92.06±1.61)%、茶皂素提取率为(72.2±1.06)%。通过气质分析发现,与索氏提取法相比,试验提取的茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,表明亚临界水法提取的茶籽油品质更优。
