基于改进YOLOv5s的CNN-Swin Transformer森林野生动物图像目标检测算法

【目的】为提高野生动物在复杂森林环境中的检测精度,促进森林野生动物保护技术发展,提出一种基于YOLOv5s网络模型、针对陷阱相机所摄取森林野生动物图像的改进检测算法。【方法】以包含湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区几种典型森林野生动物在内的数据集为研究对象,首先,对真实标注框图像进行裁剪、归一化和缩放处理,随机将2~4张裁剪图像拼贴组成新的数据集元素,以丰富和增强数据集图像信息;其次,使用一种基于通道注意力思想的加权通道拼接方法,在通道拼接时引入权重改变通道数量,通过反向传播训练方法不断更新权重以增加重要特征信息的通道层数;接着,引入Swin Transformer模块与CNN网络相结合,为卷积神经网络特征提取加入自注意力机制,融合2种网络特征提取层的优势,提高特征提取的感受野;最后,选择更优的α-DIoU损失函数替代GIoU损失函数,针对边界框重叠面积和中心点距离造成的损失,引入新的几何因素惩罚项。【结果】在相同试验条件和数据集下,相比原YOLOv5s网络模型,改进算法极大提高检测的平均准确率和平均回归率,均值平均精度由74.1%提升至88.4%,获得14.3%的精度提升,同时也超过YOLOv3、YOLOXs、RetinaNet、Faster R-CNN等其他流行目标检测算法。【结论】针对陷阱相机所摄取森林野生动物图像背景与目标对比度低、遮挡重叠严重,致使检测误检率、漏检率高等问题,在检测算法中提出一系列改进措施,为我国森林野生动物的保护和数据获取提供一种新的可行性方案和思路。

基于Transformer改进YOLOv5的交通标志检测算法

交通标志检测作为自动驾驶的组成部分直接影响着行车安全。针对现有算法对图像中尺寸小、被遮挡的标志存在漏检、误检的问题,文中提出了基于改进YOLOv5的交通标志检测算法。首先对原模型注意力缺失的问题经过对比后构建了BiFormer-y,使模型可以更好获取长期依赖;接着针对层数较深造成的具有丢失特征的缺陷,利用残差结构重新设计检测层,从而更好地保留特征;最后对耦合头的空间错位问题引入解耦头并进行优化。CCTSDB2021的实验表明,精确率、召回率、mAP分别为97.0、95.9、97.9与先进工作相比具有明显优势。

Application of sparse S transform network with knowledge distillation in seismic attenuation delineation

Time-frequency analysis is a successfully used tool for analyzing the local features of seismic data.However,it suffers from several inevitable limitations,such as the restricted time-frequency resolution,the difficulty in selecting parameters,and the low computational efficiency.Inspired by deep learning,we suggest a deep learning-based workflow for seismic time-frequency analysis.The sparse S transform network(SSTNet)is first built to map the relationship between synthetic traces and sparse S transform spectra,which can be easily pre-trained by using synthetic traces and training labels.Next,we introduce knowledge distillation(KD)based transfer learning to re-train SSTNet by using a field data set without training labels,which is named the sparse S transform network with knowledge distillation(KD-SSTNet).In this way,we can effectively calculate the sparse time-frequency spectra of field data and avoid the use of field training labels.To test the availability of the suggested KD-SSTNet,we apply it to field data to estimate seismic attenuation for reservoir characterization and make detailed comparisons with the traditional time-frequency analysis methods.

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

基于Transformer与信息融合的绝缘子缺陷检测方法

针对现有绝缘子航拍图像背景复杂,闪络、破损缺陷检测困难的问题,本文提出一种全局与局部信息融合(GLIF)-YOLOv8s绝缘子缺陷检测算法。该算法采用EfficientFormerV2作为主干网络,以提高模型对全局信息的提取能力;基于全局与局部信息设计特征增强模块,通过信息融合减少深层网络信息的丢失。在绝缘子缺陷数据集上进行消融实验与对比实验,结果表明:本文算法在绝缘子缺陷数据集上的平均精度均值为91.6%,其对闪络和破损缺陷的检测平均精度分别达到82.3%和92.9%;与其他主流算法相比,本文算法的检测框置信度更高。

The Role of Teachers’Apperception in Herbart’s Theory for Chinese Teaching in Shenzhen Primary Schools of China

This paper deeply analyzes the practical application of Herbart’s educational concept in contemporary education and teaching,especially its guiding significance to the primary school Chinese classroom in Shenzhen area.Herbart proposed that teachers should play a key role in students’cognitive process,that is,help students better understand and master new knowledge by combining it with existing knowledge.The survey results show that although teachers have some understanding of Herbart’s educational philosophy,it is not widely used in the concrete teaching process.However,the study also shows that there is a positive relationship between Herbart’s theory and students’academic performance,indicating that it plays an important role in improving students’interest and engagement in learning.The research also reveals the differences between educational concepts and practices,as well as the uneven distribution of educational resources,and puts forward measures to alleviate these contradictions,such as strengthening teacher training,improving teaching methods,and emphasizing moral education.At the same time,the study also highlights the critical role of teachers in promoting knowledge integration,arousing learning enthusiasm,shaping students’moral character,and promoting personal and professional growth.

The Effects of Work Ethics, Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Work Performance of Teachers

Teacher performance is an important factor to improve education performance. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the work ethics, transformational, and transactional leadership style on teacher performance. The experiment was conducted in public high school No. 112 Jakarta. A total of 50 teachers were included as samples, where they were given the questionnaires to be filled by self-rating. Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression model and processed with SPSS version 20. Results showed that transformational leadership, transactional leadership and work ethics have positive and significant impacts on teacher performance both simultaneously and individually.

Teachers' Transformation and the Way to Realize the Construction of Entrepreneurial Universities

The fundamental problem of transforming traditional universities into entrepreneurship universities lies in the transformation of teachers. The development of entrepreneurial universities has an important impact on the global higher education system, especially on the role of University teachers. Therefore, the author carries out research on the path of teachers' transformation and the construction of entrepreneurial universities. The study found that the traditional university teacher role has emerged as a new feature. How to realize the transformation of the entrepreneurial university teacher role, ease the identity crisis of the teacher role, and make it better adapt to the professional development and the construction of the entrepreneurial university. An important research topic. In order to realize the transformation of traditional teachers to entrepreneurial teachers, it is necessary to change the employment standards and establish a school-level achievement transformation platform.

Teachers'Transformation and the Way to Realize the Construction of Entrepreneurial Universities

The fundamental problem of transforming traditional universities into entrepreneurship universities lies in the transformation of teachers.The development of entrepreneurial universities has an important impact on the global higher education system,especially on the role of University teachers.Therefore,the author carries out research on the path of teachers'transformation and the construction of entrepreneurial universities.The study found that the traditional university teacher role has emerged as a new feature.How to realize the transformation of the entrepreneurial university teacher role,ease the identity crisis of the teacher role,and make it better adapt to the professional development and the construction of the entrepreneurial university.An important research topic.In order to realize the transformation of traditional teachers to entrepreneurial teachers,it is necessary to change the employment standards and establish a school-level achievement transformation platform.

Research on the Transformation of Teachers'Functions in New Applied Colleges

With the continuous development of society,the demand for applied talents is becoming more and more urgent,and the new applied undergraduate colleges based on the cultivation of applied talents can effectively solve this contradiction between supply and demand.If we want to realize the cultivation of applied talents,we need to establish a team of teachers with excellent quality.Therefore,this paper gives four ways to solve this problem:strengthening the construction of teachers’ethics,improving teachers’ideological and political ability,strengthening teachers’curriculum practice level,and improving teachers’ability of selfcareer planning.

Research on the Transformation and Development of College English Teachers under the Mode of Applied Talents Training

With the rapid development of economic globalization and the transformation of higher education from elite education to popular education,all employers require college students’English ability is getting higher and higher,especially for the ability to work in English.Teachers not only play a major role in the process of training students’application ability,but also determine the success or failure of the transformation and development of local colleges and universities.This also puts forward higher requirements for College English teachers.The majority of English teachers must realize their own transformation and development from the overall situation of the transformation and development of colleges and the actual needs of students to learn English.College English teachers should adapt to the new situation,change teaching ideas and establish the concept of lifelong learning,so as to increase their own practical experience and industry experience,so as to promote the development of College English teaching.

基于S-YOLO V5和Vision Transformer的视频内容描述算法

视频内容描述的自动生成是结合计算机视觉和自然语言处理等相关技术提出的一种新型交叉学习任务。针对当前视频内容生成描述模型可读性不佳的问题,本研究提出一种基于S-YOLO V5和Vison Transformer(ViT)的视频内容描述算法。首先,基于神经网络模型KATNA提取关键帧,以最少帧数进行模型训练;其次,利用S-YOLO V5模型提取视频帧中的语义信息,并结合预训练ResNet101模型和预训练C3D模型提取视频静态视觉特征和动态视觉特征,并对两种模态特征进行融合;然后,基于ViT结构的强大长距离编码能力,构建模型编码器对融合特征进行长距离依赖编码;最后,将编码器的输出作为LSTM解码器的输入,依次输出预测词,生成最终的自然语言描述。通过在MSR-VTT数据集上进行测试,本研究模型的BLEU-4、METEOR、ROUGEL和CIDEr分别为42.9、28.8、62.4和51.4;在MSVD数据集上进行测试,本研究模型的BLEU-4、METEOR、ROUGEL和CIDEr分别为56.8、37.6、74.5以及98.5。与当前主流模型相比,本研究模型在多项评价指标上表现优异。

Research on the Transformation of Teaching and Research Form of Professional Teachers in Blended Learning at Colleges and Universities - Taking the Java Programming Course as an Example

In view of the current situation that offline teaching is the main mode of teaching Java Programming in higher vocational schools,this paper introduces the online and offline hybrid teaching method and expounds it from the aspects of blended learning design,teaching organization,and implementation.At the same time,combined with the characteristics of blended learning,this paper proposes that under the new mode,teachers should actively change the form of teaching and research,the teaching mode,and the role of teachers,take students as the center,and build an independent and effective classroom.

改进的YOLOv5s遥感影像机场场面飞机小目标识别

遥感影像具有地物拍摄模糊以及背景环境复杂等特点,导致大面积地面物体识别准确率较低。针对此问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv5s改进网络模型。该模型对YOLOv5s中的骨干提取网络和颈部多尺度特征融合网络进行优化,引入Swin Transformer以获得更多关于目标物体的特征信息;同时对骨干网络中的模块做了修剪;此外,模型中还添加了坐标注意力机制来提升特征提取和融合效果。对于遥感数据集进行了小目标检测识别测试实验,改进后的YOLOv5s网络的mAP值为0.8375,比YOLOv5s网络模型提高了0.0225。实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOv5s网络模型对比YOLO系列网络和EfficientDet模型有效地提高了识别准确率、召回率以及mAP值,并且在训练时间上也比YOLOv5s减少了1/12。

改进YOLOv5s的钢材表面缺陷检测算法

为提高钢材表面缺陷检测的准确率,提出一种改进YOLOv5s的钢材表面缺陷检测算法。首先,在特征提取网络中引入Swin Transformer结构,增强网络对特征的感知能力;其次,添加坐标注意力机制,加强对重要特征信息的关注;最后,针对钢材缺陷的特点增加检测层,提升多尺度目标检测能力,并使用SIOU损失函数评估检测效果。将所提出的算法在公开数据集NEU-DET上进行消融实验,结果表明:所提算法能有效提高钢材表面缺陷目标检测的准确率。

Sora变革教育:基于教师角色与学习方式的洞见

生成式人工智能的发展又迎来重大飞跃,具有“通用物理世界模拟器”潜力的文生视频模型——Sora被推出。技术的革新势必对教育领域产生重大影响,Sora对教师角色的影响如何?又将为学习方式带来哪些变革?回答好这两个问题是推动Sora变革与赋能教育领域的关键。基于此,本研究在对Sora进行本质解析的基础上,分析Sora对教师角色产生的影响,包括Sora对教师角色挑战的冲击、Sora变革下教师何为的应对以及Sora与教师协同发展的共进;接着提出Sora对学习方式的变革,包括进行“可想即可见”的学习、虚实融合学习的升级、人机协同学习的革新、促进创造性学习实现以及丰富个性化学习形态等;最后对Sora变革教育进行审思与展望,包括Sora的教育边界确立、Sora的使用标准建立、Sora应用的算力需求以及开发教育专属Sora模型。研究以期促进Sora有效应用于教育领域,提升学习效果与质量。

从协同到求异:指向教师专业发展的U-S合作优化研究

U-S合作是教师专业发展的重要举措。审视U-S合作的历程可知,U-S合作致力于多方位促进教师专业发展,协同逐渐成为U-S合作促进教师专业发展的底层逻辑。随着合作的持续推进,这一底层逻辑在促进教师专业发展方面所潜在的矛盾也逐渐暴露出来。一方面,大学与中小学的文化差异阻碍了协同的深度发生;另一方面,为了实现大学与中小学的协同,双方不得不做出诸多的妥协,在妥协的语境下,中小学教师往往面临着主体性丧失的风险。与之相对,在求异这一核心理念的引领下,跨界学习旗帜鲜明地提出了“差异即资源”的主张,并通过互动场域的营造和互动系统的建构,为“差异即资源”提供了现实可能,也为优化U-S合作提供了新的思路。

基于改进YOLOv5s 的白酒瓶盖瑕疵检测

目的瓶装白酒生产过程中,瓶盖表面瑕疵会影响产品外观质量。针对白酒瓶盖表面瑕疵检测效率低和目标检测效果差的问题,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的改进算法DTS-YOLO。方法首先,在主干网络中引入可变形卷积,以提高模型对极端长宽比瑕疵的检测精度。其次,引入Transformer编码块,使网络聚焦于提取图像的全局信息。最后,在颈部网络构建C3SE-Lite模块,将C3模块嵌入SE注意力模块的同时引入Ghost卷积,减少参数量的同时,增强对瓶盖瑕疵的检测能力。结果实验结果表明,本文所提方法相较于基础网络,参数量减少了10%,平均精度均值达95%,平均检测速度达30帧/s。结论本文方法有效实现了白酒瓶盖表面瑕疵快速、准确地检测,可广泛应用于瓶装白酒生产过程中瓶盖表面检测。

基于改进YOLOv5s的储粮害虫检测方法研究

针对当前因检测背景复杂、粮虫个体较小等因素造成的储粮害虫检测准确率较低、漏检、误检的现状,提出一种改进YOLOv5s的检测方法。使用MobileNetv3作为YOLOv5s模型的主干特征提取网络,并将其SE注意力机制修改为ECA模块,减少计算量和参数量;同时,调整PANet网络为加权双向特征金字塔BiFPN结构,增强特征融合能力;颈部网络部分引入Swin Transformer,解决全局提取特征不足的问题,提升识别精度;采用EIOU损失函数,提高模型的收敛速度。结果表明:改进后的模型mAP达到97.8%,FPS达到133.3,与主流目标检测模型比较,表现出较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力;改进的YOLOv5s检测模型能克服复杂环境的影响,显著提高储粮害虫在密集分布及遮挡条件下的检测效果。研究结果为移动设备上实现储粮害虫实时检测提供技术参考。

融合Transformer和改进PANet的YOLOv5s交通标志检测

针对交通标志检测速度慢和目标大小与类别极度不平衡等问题,提出一种融合Transformer和改进PANet网络的YOLOv5s交通标志检测算法。首先在不增加模型复杂度的前提下,将主干网络末端与Transformer融合以提高网络特征提取能力;其次由于所采用交通标志数据集的目标尺度太小,导致网络32倍大尺度检测层检测效果不佳,故不采用相关网络层,同时采用K-means算法得出适合的预测候选框;然后改进损失函数以解决正负样本极度不平衡问题。最后将所提出的改进算法在Jetson AGX Xavier平台上部署验证。实验结果表明,所提算法检测性能更佳,其准确率和召回率在原网络的基础上分别提高了2.2%和0.7%,模型参数量和计算复杂度分别减少了25.8%和10.1%。在Xavier上的检测速度达到76FPS,满足实时交通标志检测的要求且易于在实际场景部署。