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Special Issue:Questions&Data for Better Science and Innovation Call for submissions
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《Journal of Data and Information Science》 CSCD 2024年第3期I0002-I0002,共1页
Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions to... Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CAS Topic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions? 展开更多
关键词 COLLEGE questions ISSUE
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PAL-BERT:An Improved Question Answering Model
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作者 Wenfeng Zheng Siyu Lu +3 位作者 Zhuohang Cai Ruiyang Wang Lei Wang Lirong Yin 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期2729-2745,共17页
In the field of natural language processing(NLP),there have been various pre-training language models in recent years,with question answering systems gaining significant attention.However,as algorithms,data,and comput... In the field of natural language processing(NLP),there have been various pre-training language models in recent years,with question answering systems gaining significant attention.However,as algorithms,data,and computing power advance,the issue of increasingly larger models and a growing number of parameters has surfaced.Consequently,model training has become more costly and less efficient.To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the training process while reducing themodel volume,this paper proposes a first-order pruningmodel PAL-BERT based on the ALBERT model according to the characteristics of question-answering(QA)system and language model.Firstly,a first-order network pruning method based on the ALBERT model is designed,and the PAL-BERT model is formed.Then,the parameter optimization strategy of the PAL-BERT model is formulated,and the Mish function was used as an activation function instead of ReLU to improve the performance.Finally,after comparison experiments with traditional deep learning models TextCNN and BiLSTM,it is confirmed that PALBERT is a pruning model compression method that can significantly reduce training time and optimize training efficiency.Compared with traditional models,PAL-BERT significantly improves the NLP task’s performance. 展开更多
关键词 PAL-BERT question answering model pretraining language models ALBERT pruning model network pruning TextCNN BiLSTM
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MKEAH:Multimodal knowledge extraction and accumulation based on hyperplane embedding for knowledge-based visual question answering
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作者 Heng ZHANG Zhihua WEI +6 位作者 Guanming LIU Rui WANG Ruibin MU Chuanbao LIU Aiquan YUAN Guodong CAO Ning HU 《虚拟现实与智能硬件(中英文)》 EI 2024年第4期280-291,共12页
Background External knowledge representations play an essential role in knowledge-based visual question and answering to better understand complex scenarios in the open world.Recent entity-relationship embedding appro... Background External knowledge representations play an essential role in knowledge-based visual question and answering to better understand complex scenarios in the open world.Recent entity-relationship embedding approaches are deficient in representing some complex relations,resulting in a lack of topic-related knowledge and redundancy in topic-irrelevant information.Methods To this end,we propose MKEAH:Multimodal Knowledge Extraction and Accumulation on Hyperplanes.To ensure that the lengths of the feature vectors projected onto the hyperplane compare equally and to filter out sufficient topic-irrelevant information,two losses are proposed to learn the triplet representations from the complementary views:range loss and orthogonal loss.To interpret the capability of extracting topic-related knowledge,we present the Topic Similarity(TS)between topic and entity-relations.Results Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of hyperplane embedding for knowledge representation in knowledge-based visual question answering.Our model outperformed state-of-the-art methods by 2.12%and 3.24%on two challenging knowledge-request datasets:OK-VQA and KRVQA,respectively.Conclusions The obvious advantages of our model in TS show that using hyperplane embedding to represent multimodal knowledge can improve its ability to extract topic-related knowledge. 展开更多
关键词 Knowledge-based visual question answering HYPERPLANE Topic-related
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Operational requirements analysis method based on question answering of WEKG
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作者 ZHANG Zhiwei DOU Yajie +3 位作者 XU Xiangqian MA Yufeng JIANG Jiang TAN Yuejin 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期386-395,共10页
The weapon and equipment operational requirement analysis(WEORA) is a necessary condition to win a future war,among which the acquisition of knowledge about weapons and equipment is a great challenge. The main challen... The weapon and equipment operational requirement analysis(WEORA) is a necessary condition to win a future war,among which the acquisition of knowledge about weapons and equipment is a great challenge. The main challenge is that the existing weapons and equipment data fails to carry out structured knowledge representation, and knowledge navigation based on natural language cannot efficiently support the WEORA. To solve above problem, this research proposes a method based on question answering(QA) of weapons and equipment knowledge graph(WEKG) to construct and navigate the knowledge related to weapons and equipment in the WEORA. This method firstly constructs the WEKG, and builds a neutral network-based QA system over the WEKG by means of semantic parsing for knowledge navigation. Finally, the method is evaluated and a chatbot on the QA system is developed for the WEORA. Our proposed method has good performance in the accuracy and efficiency of searching target knowledge, and can well assist the WEORA. 展开更多
关键词 operational requirement analysis weapons and equipment knowledge graph(WEKG) question answering(QA) neutral network
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DPAL-BERT:A Faster and Lighter Question Answering Model
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作者 Lirong Yin Lei Wang +8 位作者 Zhuohang Cai Siyu Lu Ruiyang Wang Ahmed AlSanad Salman A.AlQahtani Xiaobing Chen Zhengtong Yin Xiaolu Li Wenfeng Zheng 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期771-786,共16页
Recent advancements in natural language processing have given rise to numerous pre-training language models in question-answering systems.However,with the constant evolution of algorithms,data,and computing power,the ... Recent advancements in natural language processing have given rise to numerous pre-training language models in question-answering systems.However,with the constant evolution of algorithms,data,and computing power,the increasing size and complexity of these models have led to increased training costs and reduced efficiency.This study aims to minimize the inference time of such models while maintaining computational performance.It also proposes a novel Distillation model for PAL-BERT(DPAL-BERT),specifically,employs knowledge distillation,using the PAL-BERT model as the teacher model to train two student models:DPAL-BERT-Bi and DPAL-BERTC.This research enhances the dataset through techniques such as masking,replacement,and n-gram sampling to optimize knowledge transfer.The experimental results showed that the distilled models greatly outperform models trained from scratch.In addition,although the distilled models exhibit a slight decrease in performance compared to PAL-BERT,they significantly reduce inference time to just 0.25%of the original.This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in balancing model performance and efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 DPAL-BERT question answering systems knowledge distillation model compression BERT Bi-directional long short-term memory(BiLSTM) knowledge information transfer PAL-BERT training efficiency natural language processing
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Structure of the Quarks and a New Model of Protons and Neutrons: Answer to Some Open Questions
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作者 Ágnes Cziráki 《Natural Science》 CAS 2023年第1期11-18,共8页
The described structural model tries to answer some open questions such as: Why do quarks not exist in the open state? Where are the antiparticles from the Big Bang?
关键词 Structure of Quarks New Model PROTON Neutron Open questions
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Design of Questions in the Teaching of English Reading
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作者 金力 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 1999年第S3期96-100,共5页
Questions which were conventionally designed to check reading comprehension can also be used to enhance understanding. Different types of questions can be designed to achieve different purposes in reading. While desig... Questions which were conventionally designed to check reading comprehension can also be used to enhance understanding. Different types of questions can be designed to achieve different purposes in reading. While designing questions, teachers should take into consideration such points as the language used, manner of presentation and types of questions etc. Moreover, once questions have been designed, it’s essential for teachers to think about the techniques for the use of these questions. If appro- priately used, questions contribute greatly to students’ understanding of what they’ re reading by helping to explore the meaning that language conveys, in addition to developing proper reading skills. Therefore, teachers should be able to teach reading with well-designed questions so that the ultimate goal of understanding the text is likely to be achieved. 展开更多
关键词 question DESIGN READING UNDERSTANDING
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A Study on Teacher's Questioning Strategies in the UK
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作者 孙卓敏 姜波 徐莹 《海外英语》 2016年第6期215-217,共3页
Classroom questioning is one of the main means for classroom interaction which plays a very important role in classroom teaching. Therefore, based on the observation of four different level English classes in the UK a... Classroom questioning is one of the main means for classroom interaction which plays a very important role in classroom teaching. Therefore, based on the observation of four different level English classes in the UK and interview of English teachers, this thesis investigates the types, functions and answer-seeking strategies used by EFL teachers. 展开更多
关键词 CLASSROOM questioning CLASSROOM INTERACTION CLASSROOM MOTIVATION
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Questioning Styles in Vocational College English Classrooms
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作者 舒立志 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2011年第Z4期91-95,共5页
This study investigates the effects of TBLT reform in Higher Vocational Colleges from the perspective of questioning styles.It employs three methods to collect data:classroom observation,semi-structured interviews and... This study investigates the effects of TBLT reform in Higher Vocational Colleges from the perspective of questioning styles.It employs three methods to collect data:classroom observation,semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion with eight English teachers and their 384 non-English major students from three Higher Vocational Colleges in Guangdong.The results indicated that the teachers assigned students different tasks to perform in class.They seemed to be adopting the TBLT approach,but their English classes were not totally different from the teacher-centered grammar-focused lessons,the student-centered or communicative lessons. 展开更多
关键词 higher VOCATIONAL education TBLT REFERENTIAL question high cognitive level question question distribution
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Gender Differences In Using Questions——An Investigation of the Questions Used by Mr. Rochester and Jane in Jane Eyre
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作者 李清辉 楼捷 《海外英语》 2015年第21期198-199,共2页
In literature,differences in the description of female and male characters have been noticeable for a long time.In this study,the novel Jane Eyre is uses as a material to investigate whether there are in fact any sign... In literature,differences in the description of female and male characters have been noticeable for a long time.In this study,the novel Jane Eyre is uses as a material to investigate whether there are in fact any significant differences in the questions Mr.Rochester and Jane use and how the questions function to portray these two main characters. 展开更多
关键词 questions Functions of the questions CONTEXT
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An Investigation of Teacher Questioning Strategies Usage in College English Course——A Case Study on Honghe University
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作者 冯霞 《海外英语》 2015年第18期205-206,共2页
Teacher questioning strategy is one of popular teaching method in teaching practice.The teachers and students of college English course II was taken as investigate objects in this study.This study will focus on the pr... Teacher questioning strategy is one of popular teaching method in teaching practice.The teachers and students of college English course II was taken as investigate objects in this study.This study will focus on the problems of questioning frequency,questioning types,questioning strategies,waiting time and students’response to deeply study this situation.Through the data collection and analysis,the researcher hopes the study will deeply reveal the real situation of teacher questioning usage in Honghe University.Some referential suggestions will be offered to the college English teachers for their future teaching. 展开更多
关键词 COLLEGE english questioning STRATEGIES questioning types WAITING time students response
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Teachers’Questioning Strategies in Reading Class—the Perspective of Adaptation
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作者 温颖茜 李丹 黄春霞 《海外英语》 2020年第20期274-276,共3页
Teachers’questioning is one of the crucial means for classroom interaction.This study attempts to explore teachers’questioning strategies in reading class from the perspective of Adaptation Theory.It is found that t... Teachers’questioning is one of the crucial means for classroom interaction.This study attempts to explore teachers’questioning strategies in reading class from the perspective of Adaptation Theory.It is found that the effective questioning can be realized in teachers’adaptation to their roles,the features of students and the features of reading courses. 展开更多
关键词 teachers’questioning reading class Adaptation Theory
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Application of Questioning Strategy in English Reading Teaching
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作者 谢芳 《海外英语》 2012年第19期80-82,92,共4页
This paper mainly deals with the application of questioning strategy in English reading teaching.As one of the most useful methods,teachers usually attach great importance to questioning,which is proved to be very eff... This paper mainly deals with the application of questioning strategy in English reading teaching.As one of the most useful methods,teachers usually attach great importance to questioning,which is proved to be very effective in teaching. 展开更多
关键词 questions READING teaching TEACHER students-center
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The Role of Questioning in the Teaching of Reading
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作者 张春 《海外英语》 2011年第5X期25-27,共3页
In learner-centered classroom,teachers' questioning serves as very important stimuli to foster students' participation in classroom interaction.A classroom full of active interactions is an ideal environment f... In learner-centered classroom,teachers' questioning serves as very important stimuli to foster students' participation in classroom interaction.A classroom full of active interactions is an ideal environment for foreign language acquisition(FLA).Questioning is a critical strategy for the instructors to engage students in reading activities so as to help them build the habit of independent learning. 展开更多
关键词 questioning PARTICIPATION READING
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Analysis of community question-answering issues via machine learning and deep learning:State-of-the-art review 被引量:3
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作者 Pradeep Kumar Roy Sunil Saumya +2 位作者 Jyoti Prakash Singh Snehasish Banerjee Adnan Gutub 《CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology》 SCIE EI 2023年第1期95-117,共23页
Over the last couple of decades,community question-answering sites(CQAs)have been a topic of much academic interest.Scholars have often leveraged traditional machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)to explore the eve... Over the last couple of decades,community question-answering sites(CQAs)have been a topic of much academic interest.Scholars have often leveraged traditional machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)to explore the ever-growing volume of content that CQAs engender.To clarify the current state of the CQA literature that has used ML and DL,this paper reports a systematic literature review.The goal is to summarise and synthesise the major themes of CQA research related to(i)questions,(ii)answers and(iii)users.The final review included 133 articles.Dominant research themes include question quality,answer quality,and expert identification.In terms of dataset,some of the most widely studied platforms include Yahoo!Answers,Stack Exchange and Stack Overflow.The scope of most articles was confined to just one platform with few cross-platform investigations.Articles with ML outnumber those with DL.Nonetheless,the use of DL in CQA research is on an upward trajectory.A number of research directions are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 answer quality community question answering deep learning expert user machine learning question quality
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Questions to Be Asked in the Fast Reading Classroom and Principles
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作者 郝瑞英 《科技信息》 2009年第30期I0113-I0114,共2页
In the fast reading classroom the main work for the teacher isto ask questionsfor the sake of checking students'comprehension of the text in question. Questions could be classified according to different criteria.... In the fast reading classroom the main work for the teacher isto ask questionsfor the sake of checking students'comprehension of the text in question. Questions could be classified according to different criteria. This paper classifies the questions according to the teaching procedures,and suggests a few principles to ask questions. 展开更多
关键词 英语学习 学习方法 外语学习 学习兴趣
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Expert Recommendation in Community Question Answering via Heterogeneous Content Network Embedding 被引量:1
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作者 Hong Li Jianjun Li +2 位作者 Guohui Li Rong Gao Lingyu Yan 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第4期1687-1709,共23页
ExpertRecommendation(ER)aims to identify domain experts with high expertise and willingness to provide answers to questions in Community Question Answering(CQA)web services.How to model questions and users in the hete... ExpertRecommendation(ER)aims to identify domain experts with high expertise and willingness to provide answers to questions in Community Question Answering(CQA)web services.How to model questions and users in the heterogeneous content network is critical to this task.Most traditional methods focus on modeling questions and users based on the textual content left in the community while ignoring the structural properties of heterogeneous CQA networks and always suffering from textual data sparsity issues.Recent approaches take advantage of structural proximities between nodes and attempt to fuse the textual content of nodes for modeling.However,they often fail to distinguish the nodes’personalized preferences and only consider the textual content of a part of the nodes in network embedding learning,while ignoring the semantic relevance of nodes.In this paper,we propose a novel framework that jointly considers the structural proximity relations and textual semantic relevance to model users and questions more comprehensively.Specifically,we learn topology-based embeddings through a hierarchical attentive network learning strategy,in which the proximity information and the personalized preference of nodes are encoded and preserved.Meanwhile,we utilize the node’s textual content and the text correlation between adjacent nodes to build the content-based embedding through a meta-context-aware skip-gram model.In addition,the user’s relative answer quality is incorporated to promote the ranking performance.Experimental results show that our proposed framework consistently and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines on three real-world datasets by taking the deep semantic understanding and structural feature learning together.The performance of the proposed work is analyzed in terms of MRR,P@K,and MAP and is proven to be more advanced than the existing methodologies. 展开更多
关键词 Heterogeneous network learning expert recommendation semantic representation community question answering
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ALBERT with Knowledge Graph Encoder Utilizing Semantic Similarity for Commonsense Question Answering 被引量:1
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作者 Byeongmin Choi YongHyun Lee +1 位作者 Yeunwoong Kyung Eunchan Kim 《Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing》 SCIE 2023年第4期71-82,共12页
Recently,pre-trained language representation models such as bidirec-tional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)have been performing well in commonsense question answering(CSQA).However,there is a problem th... Recently,pre-trained language representation models such as bidirec-tional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)have been performing well in commonsense question answering(CSQA).However,there is a problem that the models do not directly use explicit information of knowledge sources existing outside.To augment this,additional methods such as knowledge-aware graph network(KagNet)and multi-hop graph relation network(MHGRN)have been proposed.In this study,we propose to use the latest pre-trained language model a lite bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(ALBERT)with knowledge graph information extraction technique.We also propose to applying the novel method,schema graph expansion to recent language models.Then,we analyze the effect of applying knowledge graph-based knowledge extraction techniques to recent pre-trained language models and confirm that schema graph expansion is effective in some extent.Furthermore,we show that our proposed model can achieve better performance than existing KagNet and MHGRN models in CommonsenseQA dataset. 展开更多
关键词 Commonsense reasoning question answering knowledge graph language representation model
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Chinese Culture in ELT Classroom—The Influence of Chinese Culture on Students' Answering Questions
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作者 鲁玲萍 《山东师范大学外国语学院学报(基础英语教育)》 2005年第3期21-24,57,共5页
Based on personal observation and students’ self-reports, this article studies the characteristics presented by students in answering questions. It is found that Chinese culture plays an important part in explaining ... Based on personal observation and students’ self-reports, this article studies the characteristics presented by students in answering questions. It is found that Chinese culture plays an important part in explaining their specific behaviors. Hence, in order to lessen the negative effect of it, the author offers her own suggestions. 展开更多
关键词 中小学 英语教学 跨文化交际 问题意识
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The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology Question 2-5.Obesity-related cancers:more questions than answers 被引量:10
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作者 Ajit Venniyoor 《Chinese Journal of Cancer》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第2期53-62,共10页
Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related... Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy(metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition(subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers(ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common(overlapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse efect of obesity on human condition. 展开更多
关键词 more questions than answers The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology question 2-5.Obesity-related cancers THAN
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