This paper aims at assessing the evolutionist and creationist conceptions of Brazilian teachers. The work is developed within the framework of the European project BIOHEAD-CITIZEN （biology, health and environmental e...This paper aims at assessing the evolutionist and creationist conceptions of Brazilian teachers. The work is developed within the framework of the European project BIOHEAD-CITIZEN （biology, health and environmental education for better citizenship）, which takes into account that scientific knowledge and teachers＇ attitudes and values can influence the teaching practices. The large questionnaire BIOHEAD-CITIZEN, which was constructed to be applied in 19 countries in Europe, Africa and Middle East countries, was applied, in this study, to six groups of Brazilian teachers： primary school teachers, biology teachers and Portuguese language teachers and corresponding teachers-to-be. For this paper the answers to questions about evolution were used as dependent variables. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out. Biology teachers and biology teachers-to-be gave more importance to the natural selection and the evolution process than the other groups of teachers. Comparing to the BIOHEAD-CITIZEN countries, the total Brazilian sample showed a higher percentage of creationist conceptions, particularly the Brazilian biology teachers and teachers-to-be. As discussed herein, this may not be an obstacle for teaching evolution as they accept both creationist and evolutionist concomitantly.展开更多
Land creation projects have been implemented in China to expand urban space in mountainous areas.In addition to the predictable settlement brought about by filling construction,varying degrees of land subsidence and e...Land creation projects have been implemented in China to expand urban space in mountainous areas.In addition to the predictable settlement brought about by filling construction,varying degrees of land subsidence and engineering failures have a demonstrated relationship to groundwater level fluctuation induced by land creation engineering.In this work,we adopted a typical large-scale land creation project,Yan’an New City in Shaanxi province,West China,as our study area.Prior to conducting the main experiment,preliminary field investigation and groundwater level monitoring were conducted to determine the groundwater fluctuation trend induced by land creation engineering.Although a blind drainage system was implemented,the depth aspect of groundwater level changes after large-scale land creation still needed to be addressed.To study the degree of impact and the settlement mechanism induced by the rising groundwater level,we conducted a Water Immersion Test(WIT)in a typical land creation site for 107 days.The rising groundwater level was simulated by injecting water from the bottom of the filling foundation.During the WIT,the soil water content,surface subsidence,and internal settlement of soil at different depths were obtained.Surface subsidence development could be categorized into four stages during the water level increase.The second stage,which is defined as the point when the groundwater level rises to 10 m,marked the critical point in the process.Furthermore,it was ascertained that the local settlement in regions that were originally composed of steep slopes is larger than that in originally flat areas.In addition,ground cracks and sinkholes in the study area were inspected;and it was determined that they would become new channels that would accelerate water infiltration and exacerbate the settlement.Based on the results from our field investigation and testing,several suggestions are proposed for land creation projects to mitigate issues associated with construction-induced groundwater level rising.展开更多
文摘This paper aims at assessing the evolutionist and creationist conceptions of Brazilian teachers. The work is developed within the framework of the European project BIOHEAD-CITIZEN （biology, health and environmental education for better citizenship）, which takes into account that scientific knowledge and teachers＇ attitudes and values can influence the teaching practices. The large questionnaire BIOHEAD-CITIZEN, which was constructed to be applied in 19 countries in Europe, Africa and Middle East countries, was applied, in this study, to six groups of Brazilian teachers： primary school teachers, biology teachers and Portuguese language teachers and corresponding teachers-to-be. For this paper the answers to questions about evolution were used as dependent variables. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out. Biology teachers and biology teachers-to-be gave more importance to the natural selection and the evolution process than the other groups of teachers. Comparing to the BIOHEAD-CITIZEN countries, the total Brazilian sample showed a higher percentage of creationist conceptions, particularly the Brazilian biology teachers and teachers-to-be. As discussed herein, this may not be an obstacle for teaching evolution as they accept both creationist and evolutionist concomitantly.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 41902299 41672305)+2 种基金the Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province (Project No. 2017ZDXM-SF-078, 2017ZDXM-SF-082)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1504700)Shaanxi new-star plan of science and technology (Project No. 2018KJXX020)
文摘Land creation projects have been implemented in China to expand urban space in mountainous areas.In addition to the predictable settlement brought about by filling construction,varying degrees of land subsidence and engineering failures have a demonstrated relationship to groundwater level fluctuation induced by land creation engineering.In this work,we adopted a typical large-scale land creation project,Yan’an New City in Shaanxi province,West China,as our study area.Prior to conducting the main experiment,preliminary field investigation and groundwater level monitoring were conducted to determine the groundwater fluctuation trend induced by land creation engineering.Although a blind drainage system was implemented,the depth aspect of groundwater level changes after large-scale land creation still needed to be addressed.To study the degree of impact and the settlement mechanism induced by the rising groundwater level,we conducted a Water Immersion Test(WIT)in a typical land creation site for 107 days.The rising groundwater level was simulated by injecting water from the bottom of the filling foundation.During the WIT,the soil water content,surface subsidence,and internal settlement of soil at different depths were obtained.Surface subsidence development could be categorized into four stages during the water level increase.The second stage,which is defined as the point when the groundwater level rises to 10 m,marked the critical point in the process.Furthermore,it was ascertained that the local settlement in regions that were originally composed of steep slopes is larger than that in originally flat areas.In addition,ground cracks and sinkholes in the study area were inspected;and it was determined that they would become new channels that would accelerate water infiltration and exacerbate the settlement.Based on the results from our field investigation and testing,several suggestions are proposed for land creation projects to mitigate issues associated with construction-induced groundwater level rising.
