Teachers’Questioning Strategies in Reading Class—the Perspective of Adaptation

Teachers’questioning is one of the crucial means for classroom interaction.This study attempts to explore teachers’questioning strategies in reading class from the perspective of Adaptation Theory.It is found that the effective questioning can be realized in teachers’adaptation to their roles,the features of students and the features of reading courses.

Development and validation of a novel questionnaire regarding vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia

AIM:To develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a knowledge,attitude,and practice questionnaire related to vision screening(KAP-VST)among preschool teachers in Malaysia.METHODS:The questionnaire was developed through a literature review and discussions with experts.Content and face validation were conducted by a panel of experts(n=10)and preschool teachers(n=10),respectively.A pilot study was conducted for construct validation(n=161)and test-retest reliability(n=60)of the newly developed questionnaire.RESULTS:Based on the content and face validation,71 items were generated,and 68 items were selected after exploratory factor analysis.The content validity index for items(I-CVI)score ranged from 0.8-1.0,and the content validity index for scale(S-CVI)/Ave was 0.99.Internal consistency was KR^(2)0=0.93 for knowledge,Cronbach’s alpha=0.758 for attitude,and Cronbach’s alpha=0.856 for practice.CONCLUSION:The KAP-VST is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing knowledge,attitude,and practice in relation to vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia.

Uncovering the Challenges Faced by Primary School Science Teachers in Implementing Experimental Teaching:A Data Analysis Based on a Questionnaire Survey Conducted in Western China

Primary school science is a discipline grounded in experiments,and experimental teaching holds paramount significance in primary school science education in China.Nevertheless,the implementation problems of experimental teaching are frequently disregarded.This research endeavors to disclose the concrete challenges encountered by primary school science teachers in the western region of China during the implementation of experimental teaching,analyze their implications,and put forward corresponding mitigatory measures.Based on a questionnaire survey regarding the current state of primary school science experimental teaching in 21 areas of western China,it is unveiled that primary school science teachers in the western region of China confront deficiencies in scientific professional attainment,the necessity to enhance the attitude towards experimental teaching,and a partial shortage of experimental teaching resources.These hardships result in the deterioration of the quality of experimental teaching,the attenuation of students’learning interests,and the exacerbation of teachers’job burnout.Hence,measures should be initiated in aspects such as teacher training,resource development,and enhanced emphasis to assist primary school science teachers in the western region of China in implementing experimental teaching more effectively and elevating the quality of primary school science experimental teaching.

Questioning Strategies of English Teachers

AMY.B.M.TSUI thinks that most of the interactive learning starts with the teachers' questioning. Richard and Lockart(1994) think that the proper questioning can help the students to acquire the second language. Jin Chuanbao(1997) even thinks that the questioning process of the teachers should become the core of the class. Though almost all of the teachers are questioning, they know little about the questioning strategies. In this case, it is urgent to study this subject. The present study reveals some problems of four teachers' questioning strategies in Junior Middle School. I hope some helpful ideas can be found in the thesis.

A study on English teachers＇ questioning strategies in Western country

Classroom questioning is one of the main means for classroom interaction which plays a very important role in classroom teaching. Therefore, based on the observation of four different level English classes in the UK and interview of English teachers, this thesis investigates the types, functions and answer-seeking strategies used by EFL teachers.

A Study on Socratic Questioning Technique Based on Teachers＇ Narrative Research

Interaction is an important standard to detect teachers＇ teaching quality and effect in college English classroom teaching and is the most eagerly expected by all English teachers. During the process of classroom teaching, bad interaction or failure of interaction often makes teachers frustrated. One of the major reasons is that they ask improper questions in class. The purpose of this paper focuses on the skills of raising effective questions by teachers in order to produce good interaction from students. The method to achieve this purpose is by introducing Socratic Questioning method, which is showed by teachers＇ narrative research based on the author＇s own real classroom teaching with detailed explanation. The result of the experiment shows that Socratic Questioning method is not only a good example of effective questioning but also produces sufficient interaction between teacher-to-students and students-to-students. Generally speaking, this paper expects to have contribution to the effect of interaction so as to help more college English teachers have more excellent classroom teaching.

A Research on Different Classroom Questioning Strategies Between Chinese and Foreign EFL Teachers

The application of questioning as a teaching tool has always been considered as a main part of the teaching process.Based on the viewpoint of several researchers,a survey was conducted on the application of different questioning strategies by Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in a middle school,in order to determine their effects on students’language learning output and propose measures to optimize Chinese teachers’questioning strategies for improving students’learning efficiency.This research provides preliminary results based on the data collected from the video recordings of class sessions,a questionnaire,and an interview.According to the analysis,the questioning strategies differ between Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in many aspects,such as in information seeking,offering,modification,adjustment,feedback,and so forth.

A Study on Teacher's Questioning Strategies in the UK

Classroom questioning is one of the main means for classroom interaction which plays a very important role in classroom teaching. Therefore, based on the observation of four different level English classes in the UK and interview of English teachers, this thesis investigates the types, functions and answer-seeking strategies used by EFL teachers.

An Investigation of Teacher Questioning Strategies Usage in College English Course——A Case Study on Honghe University

Teacher questioning strategy is one of popular teaching method in teaching practice.The teachers and students of college English course II was taken as investigate objects in this study.This study will focus on the problems of questioning frequency,questioning types,questioning strategies,waiting time and students’response to deeply study this situation.Through the data collection and analysis,the researcher hopes the study will deeply reveal the real situation of teacher questioning usage in Honghe University.Some referential suggestions will be offered to the college English teachers for their future teaching.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Public Secondary School Teachers in Parakou, Benin, in 2021

Introduction: Overweight and obesity represent a public health problem in Africa due to the epidemiological transition. The objectives of this work were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to identify associated factors among public secondary school teachers in Parakou, Benin in 2021. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Teachers working in public secondary schools in Parakou during the 2020-2021 academic year, present at work and who gave their written informed consent, were included. A two-stage random sampling was carried out. Data were collected during an individual interview using a questionnaire followed by the measurement of anthropometric parameters and blood pressure. Overweight and obesity were defined by a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors. Results: A sample of 325 teachers, including 88.6% of men, was recruited with an average age of 36.2 ± 6.8 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 43.7% (95% CI [38.1%-44.8%]). It increased significantly with income (p Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Actions are necessary to prevent overweight and obesity among secondary school teachers in Parakou, in Benin.

The Influence of Preschool Teachers’Social Skills on Job Burnout:A Moderated Mediation Model

Background:Teacher burnout is a serious issue in the field of education,particularly in early childhood education,where teachers face high levels of work stress and emotional labor,leading to emotional exhaustion and job burnout.However,past research has not sufficiently explored the mechanisms of social skills,empathy,and mindfulness in mitigating teacher burnout.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship between preschool teachers’social skills,empathy,and mindfulness with job burnout,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for reducing teacher burnout.Methods:This research utilized a convenience sampling approach to target preschool teachers for a questionnaire survey.A total of 1109 questionnaires were collected.To ensure the quality of the data,we excluded questionnaires that were not carefully filled out in terms of lie scale questions,those with abnormal demographic variables,and outliers identified based on response time.Ultimately,901 valid questionnaires were obtained,achieving a valid response rate of 81.2%.Participants’levels of social skills,empathy,mindfulness,and job burnout were assessed using the Social Skills Scale(SKS),Empathy Scale(Measure of Empathy,ME),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey(MBI-ES),respectively.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.Results:After controlling for gender,age,teaching experience,educational level,grade taught,and location of the kindergarten,the study found:(1)There is a negative correlation between preschool teachers’social skills and the level of job burnout(r=−0.238);(2)Empathy has a dual-track effect on job burnout,where cognitive empathy negatively affects job burnout(r=−0.245),while emotional empathy has a positive effect(r=0.045);(3)Cognitive empathy partially mediates the relationship between social skills and job burnout(β=−0.124);(4)Mindfulness significantly impacts social skills,cognitive empathy,and job burnout(r=0.278;r=0.286;r=−0.539),and plays a moderating role in the mediation model(β=0.003;β=−0.023).Conclusion:These findings provide theoretical support for the development of burnout prevention and intervention strategies targeted at preschool teachers.They also point out new directions for future research and potential intervention targets,suggesting that enhancing preschool teachers’social skills and cognitive empathy,as well as increasing their mindfulness level,can help them cope with work-related stress and emotional labor,thereby alleviating job burnout.

LDAS&ET-AD:Learnable Distillation Attack Strategies and Evolvable Teachers Adversarial Distillation

Adversarial distillation(AD)has emerged as a potential solution to tackle the challenging optimization problem of loss with hard labels in adversarial training.However,fixed sample-agnostic and student-egocentric attack strategies are unsuitable for distillation.Additionally,the reliability of guidance from static teachers diminishes as target models become more robust.This paper proposes an AD method called Learnable Distillation Attack Strategies and Evolvable Teachers Adversarial Distillation(LDAS&ET-AD).Firstly,a learnable distillation attack strategies generating mechanism is developed to automatically generate sample-dependent attack strategies tailored for distillation.A strategy model is introduced to produce attack strategies that enable adversarial examples(AEs)to be created in areas where the target model significantly diverges from the teachers by competing with the target model in minimizing or maximizing the AD loss.Secondly,a teacher evolution strategy is introduced to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of knowledge in improving the generalization performance of the target model.By calculating the experimentally updated target model’s validation performance on both clean samples and AEs,the impact of distillation from each training sample and AE on the target model’s generalization and robustness abilities is assessed to serve as feedback to fine-tune standard and robust teachers accordingly.Experiments evaluate the performance of LDAS&ET-AD against different adversarial attacks on the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a robust precision of 45.39%and 42.63%against AutoAttack(AA)on the CIFAR-10 dataset for ResNet-18 and MobileNet-V2,respectively,marking an improvement of 2.31%and 3.49%over the baseline method.In comparison to state-of-the-art adversarial defense techniques,our method surpasses Introspective Adversarial Distillation,the top-performing method in terms of robustness under AA attack for the CIFAR-10 dataset,with enhancements of 1.40%and 1.43%for ResNet-18 and MobileNet-V2,respectively.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in enhancing the robustness of deep learning networks(DNNs)against prevalent adversarial attacks when compared to other competing methods.In conclusion,LDAS&ET-AD provides reliable and informative soft labels to one of the most promising defense methods,AT,alleviating the limitations of untrusted teachers and unsuitable AEs in existing AD techniques.We hope this paper promotes the development of DNNs in real-world trust-sensitive fields and helps ensure a more secure and dependable future for artificial intelligence systems.

The Emergence of Loving Pedagogy in the L2 Affective Domain:How Affective Pedagogy Accounts for Chinese EFL Teachers’Professional Success and Job Satisfaction?

The success of teachers in professional environments has a desirable influence on their mental condition.Simply said,teachers’professional success plays a crucial role in improving their mental health.Due to the invaluable role of professional success in teachers’mental health,personal and professional variables helping teachers succeed in their profession need to be uncovered.While the role of teachers’personal qualities has been well researched,the function of professional variables has remained unknown.To address the existing gap,the current investigation measured the role of two professional variables,namely job satisfaction and loving pedagogy,in Chinese EFL teachers’professional success.To do this,three validated scales were provided to 1591 Chinese EFL teachers.Participants’answers to the questionnaires were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test and structural equation modeling.The data analysis demonstrated a strong,positive link between the variables.Moreover,loving pedagogy was found to be the positive,strong predictor of Chinese EFL teachers’job satisfaction and professional success.The findings of the current inquiry may help educational administrators enhance their instructors’professional success,which in turn promotes their mental and psychological conditions at work.

The Relationship Between Teachers' Questions and Classroom Interactions in EFL Classroom

Classroom questioning is one of the most important parts of teaching activities, and also the most frequently used method to carry on classroom interactions between teachers and students. English teaching process is the process of"asking"and"answering"between teachers and students. Teachers should not only pay attention to the artistry of questioning, but also attach great importance to the strategy of asking questions. Appropriate teachers' questions are conducive to cultivate students' divergent thinking, and encourage students to better master knowledge by thinking and discussing, thus contributing to classroom interactions move towards a climax.

Teachers’Perception for Evaluation of the Primary School Students With Final Grade

The most difficult and delicate part of the learning process is assessment.Assessment is difficult because during his/her accomplishment the teacher has to consider not only the acquisition of knowledge from students,but also the overall degree of development of their competencies.It is delicate,because through assessment we can influence the emotional side of students and their“willingness”to learn.Despite these facts,teachers need to evaluate students during the learning process.The purpose of the research is to find out what is the perception of teachers about the level of evaluation of students with final grade.The overall results showed that 89%of teachers agree,9%of them have a neutral attitude,and 2%do not agree that the evaluation of students with a final grade is done taking into account many aspects and using many methods,the overall average of the results,M=4.36.Based on the empirical results,it was found that teachers who have completed assessment training have a more positive approach to student assessment,as the average score is higher than teachers who have not completed assessment training.From the qualitative results it was understood that the Teachers did not encounter any difficulties during the assessment of the students.

A Study on Effect of Teachers' Questions on Classroom Interaction in EFL Classes

This paper aims to observe and analyze the effect of teachers' questions on the classroom interaction by means of IRF pattern.

Curriculum Development and Teachers for Cultivating OECD Student Agency in Japan:From an Examination of Educational Thought,Educational System,History,and Contemporary Science and Mathematics Education Practices

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of a curriculum in Japan to foster the agency(OECD Student Agency)necessary for children living in the future,as outlined in the OECD Education2030 Project,and the role of teachers who implement this curriculum.Therefore,I aim to achieve this goal by taking an overview of educational thought,educational systems and history,and examining several initiatives in the OECD Project and the situation of a Japanese high school that practices science and mathematics education.As a result of analyzing previous research and the narratives obtained from interviews with Teacher A(pseudonym)of a certain F High School(pseudonym),it was found that school education should not simply teach subjects,but should aim to enable student to help student exercise agency in the future.It was suggested that it is not necessary to add content to the curriculum,but rather to prepare to provide students with competencies that will enable them to use the content in various contexts,situations,and circumstances,suggesting that in order to discover such important competencies,teachers and other related parties are required to implement curricula that allow students to slowly and carefully explore the competencies surrounding the content,and to conceive and build curricula that include both hidden and intended curriculum that allows student to reflect on the curriculum they have achieved.

Professional Development of Rural PE Teachers from the Perspective of PCK:A Case Study of Huaiji County

Based on the four dimensions of PCK,this paper investigates the professional development of rural PE teachers in Huaiji County by using the research methods of literature,questionnaire,interview and mathematical statistics.Based on PCK related theories,this paper analyzes the current situation of professional development of rural PE teachers in Huaiji County,explores the problems existing in the process of professional development,and provides an optimal path for the professional development of rural PE teachers,so as to improve the teaching ability and classroom quality of rural PE teachers,and promote the further development of rural PE education under the background of new curriculum reform.Through the research,it is found that the shortcomings of rural PE teachers are:lack of situational knowledge;lack of understanding of the course content;not flexible use of teaching representation;low ability to identify the differences of students learning styles;lack of understanding of social environment,etc.

A Study on the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Chinese Teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea

International Chinese teachers are one of the determinants of the quality development of Confucius Institutes,and their cross-cultural sociocultural adaption,psychological adaption,and job adaption are in need of in-depth investigation and research.Based on previous research,this paper analyzed the cross-cultural adaptation of international Chinese teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea during 2022-2023 through surveys and personal interviews.The study found that the teachers’adaptation was best in terms of work,followed by sociocultural adaptation,and weakest in terms of psychological adaptation.In terms of work adaptation,attention should be focused on adapting to teaching language and teaching methods.In terms of sociocultural adaptation,the focus should be on adapting to personal communication.In terms of psychological adaptation,attention should be paid to feelings of loneliness and anxiety.The study also focused on the internal and external factors influencing their cross-cultural adaptation,as well as the true inner feelings of international Chinese teachers.The study found that factors such as English proficiency,gender,education,professional background,and overseas experience had little impact on teachers’cross-cultural adaptation,while factors such as Korean proficiency,participation in cross-cultural training before going to South Korea,understanding of Korean culture before going to South Korea,and length of time spent in working in South Korea had a greater impact on the cross-cultural adaptation of the research subjects.This study provides reliable reference materials for international Chinese teachers going to South Korea to improve their cross-cultural adaptation abilities and promote the reform and innovation of international Chinese education.