<strong>Background:</strong> Dry eye is characterized by tear film instability, decreased tear volume and a high Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Face masks have been linked to dry eye complaints...<strong>Background:</strong> Dry eye is characterized by tear film instability, decreased tear volume and a high Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Face masks have been linked to dry eye complaints in recent studies. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To evaluate the changes in tear-film status and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score following prolonged use of face mask. <strong>Design:</strong> Cross-sectional study. <strong>Method:</strong> Patients between 18 to 70 years using masks regularly for at least 2 hours/day for at least 5 days/week from different eye-care centres in Dhaka were included. All subjects were divided into 4 groups. Mask use lasted approximately 2 hours/day in Group 1, 4 hours/day in Group 2, 6 hours/day in Group 3 and 8 hours or more/day in Group 4. Evaluation of symptoms, tear- film stability and tear volume was done by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, Tear-film Break-Up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 test. Average of right & left eye’s Tear-film Break Up time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 value were noted. <strong>Results:</strong> Total 100 patients were enrolled (n = 100). The TBUT (p < 0.001) and Schirmer-1 measurement (p = 0.01) were significantly lesser and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score were significantly higher in patients using face-masks for longer time (p < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patients who wore masks for prolonged time had tear film instability, reduced tear volume and higher Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score.展开更多
为开发使用方便、性能优异的造纸增强剂,合成了8个水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(CP),并对其合成条件进行了优化。在w(偶氮二异丙基脒盐)=0.042 4%,反应6 h,充N220 m in,聚合温度65℃,w(PCL-1)=5.5%,w(十二烷基硫醇)=0.2%的最优条件下,...为开发使用方便、性能优异的造纸增强剂,合成了8个水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(CP),并对其合成条件进行了优化。在w(偶氮二异丙基脒盐)=0.042 4%,反应6 h,充N220 m in,聚合温度65℃,w(PCL-1)=5.5%,w(十二烷基硫醇)=0.2%的最优条件下,合成的CP乳液CP-2可使麦草浆纸页的抗张指数和撕裂指数与未加乳液时相比分别提高24.2%和23.7%。纸样扫描电镜分析表明,添加CP-2增强了浆料纤维间的相互作用。红外光谱分析表明,CP-2分子结构中含有丙烯酰胺和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵链节。展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Dry eye is characterized by tear film instability, decreased tear volume and a high Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Face masks have been linked to dry eye complaints in recent studies. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To evaluate the changes in tear-film status and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score following prolonged use of face mask. <strong>Design:</strong> Cross-sectional study. <strong>Method:</strong> Patients between 18 to 70 years using masks regularly for at least 2 hours/day for at least 5 days/week from different eye-care centres in Dhaka were included. All subjects were divided into 4 groups. Mask use lasted approximately 2 hours/day in Group 1, 4 hours/day in Group 2, 6 hours/day in Group 3 and 8 hours or more/day in Group 4. Evaluation of symptoms, tear- film stability and tear volume was done by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, Tear-film Break-Up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 test. Average of right & left eye’s Tear-film Break Up time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 value were noted. <strong>Results:</strong> Total 100 patients were enrolled (n = 100). The TBUT (p < 0.001) and Schirmer-1 measurement (p = 0.01) were significantly lesser and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score were significantly higher in patients using face-masks for longer time (p < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patients who wore masks for prolonged time had tear film instability, reduced tear volume and higher Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score.
文摘为开发使用方便、性能优异的造纸增强剂,合成了8个水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(CP),并对其合成条件进行了优化。在w(偶氮二异丙基脒盐)=0.042 4%,反应6 h,充N220 m in,聚合温度65℃,w(PCL-1)=5.5%,w(十二烷基硫醇)=0.2%的最优条件下,合成的CP乳液CP-2可使麦草浆纸页的抗张指数和撕裂指数与未加乳液时相比分别提高24.2%和23.7%。纸样扫描电镜分析表明,添加CP-2增强了浆料纤维间的相互作用。红外光谱分析表明,CP-2分子结构中含有丙烯酰胺和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵链节。
