Effect of Tebuconazole exposure on oral Atenolol absorption in rats,based on bile acid homeostasis

Objective:This study is aimed to explore the effect of triazole fungicide tebuconazole(TEB)exposure on the oral absorption behavior of atenolol(AT),based on the homeostasis of bile acids(BAs).Methods:TEB was daily gavaged to rats with 3 mg/kg dose for 28 days to establish the TEB-exposure rat model.The amounts of glycocholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,taurocholic acid and taurine deoxycholic acid in the small intestine contents of normal and TEB-exposure rats were detected by LC-MS/MS.AT(10 mg/kg)were gavaged to the normal and TEB-exposure rats,and then blood were collected from orbital venous plexus at predetermined time-points.The concentration of AT in plasma was detected by LC-MS/MS,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the DAS pharmacokinetic software.An intestinal circulation perfusion model was established in normal rats,and perfused with the perfusates containing the model drug of fluorescein and the BAs with the same compositions as the normal/TEB-exposure rats.After perfusion,the absorption and permeability of fluorescein in intestine were detected,as well as the oxidative stress status and ZO-1 expression level in the intestinal tissues.Results:Compared with normal rats,TEB-exposure increased the amounts of glycocholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,taurocholic acid and taurine deoxycholic acid in intestine significantly(P<0.001).In TEB-exposure rats,the maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of AT were increased significantly than those of normal rats(P<0.05),and the peak time was significantly delayed(P<0.05).The TEB-induced BAs homeostasis perturbance increased intestinal permeability,and this effect was associated with the elevation of oxidative stress and the down-regulation of intercellular tight junction proteins in intestinal tissues.Conclusion:TEB-exposure can affect the oral absorption behavior of AT,which is probably related with the intestinal BAs homeostasis perturbance,thus it might affect the clinical efficacy and safety of this drug.

Synergism and Field Efficacy of Mixed Preparations of Pyraclostrobin and Tebuconazole to Glomerella cingulata

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen high-efficient low-toxicity new compound preparation for control of Glomerella cingulata. [Method] The toxicity of pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole and their mixed preparations to Glomerella cingulata was determined by mycelial growth rate method, and their control effects on Glomerella cingulata were evaluated by field efficacy test. [Result] The mixed preparations of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole at mass ratios of 5：1, 3：1, 1：1, 1：3 and 1：5 exhibited ECso values to mycelial growth of Glomerella cingulata of 0.612 9, 0.530 1, 0.232 6, 0.232 8 and 0.329 6 iJg/ml, respectively; and the 5 preparations exhibit- ed synergistic coefficients （SRs） to Glomerella cingulata of 1.29, 1.33, 2.29, 1.84 and 1.22, respectively, and among them, the preparation with mass ratio of 1：1 showed the highest synergism. The field efficacy test showed that the field control effects of 1 000 times, 2 000 times and 3 000 times dilutions of 25% pyraclostrobin-tebuconazole suspension, 5 000 times dilution of 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension and 2 000 times dilution of 250 g/L pyraclostrobin EC were 91.54%, 90.80%, 82.88%, 76.43% and 74.10%, respectively. [Conclusions] Therefore, the mixed preparations of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole showed remarkable synergism on control of Glomerella cingulata, and preparation with the mixing ratio of 1：1 exhibited the most significant synergism on Glomerella cingulata. For soaking treatment to fruit clusters with 1 000-2 000 times dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin .tebuconazole suspension, the field efficacy to Glomerella cingulata was over 90%.

Control of Maize Head Smut with 6% Tebuconazole FS

In order to test the control effect of 6% tebuconazole FS on maize head smut and to select its optimal dose for mixing seed, field tests were performed in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that 6% tebuconazole FS was effective to control maize head smut, and the control effect ranged from 73.4% to 91.1%. In addition, it also improved the maize yield by 36.7%-44.1%, compared with the blank control. The optimal dose of 6% tebuconazole FS for seed dressing was 166.5 g/100 kg to control head smut on maize.

Inhibitory Effects of Phenamacril, Tebuconazole and Their Mixtures on Fusarium graminearum in Wheat

Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most serious diseases in wheat production worldwide, which seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. Wheat grains carrying the pathogen are poisonous to human and livestock health. With the long-term use of single chemical pesticide, the drug-resistance of F. graminearum is increasing day by day, and mixed agent is one of the effective strategies to improve the efficacy and delay the resistance. The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the inhibition rates of phenamacril, tebuconazole and their mixtures(1∶1, 1∶3, 1∶5, 1∶7, 3∶1, 5∶1 and 7∶1). The synergistic coefficient(SR) was calculated by Wadley method, and the combined action types of the two agents were evaluated. The results showed that the ECof tebuconazole was 0.418 28 mg/L, and that of phenamacril was 0.489 8 mg/L; the optimum mixture ratio of phenamacril and tebuconazole was 1 ∶1, with the ECvalue of 0.053 74 and the synergistic coefficient of 4.2696, and the control effect of mixed agent was significantly better than that of single agent. It is feasible to control Fusarium head blight by mixing phenamacril and tebuconazole, providing a theoretical basis for development of new compound agents and effective control of Fusarium head blight.

Inhibition Effect and Synergistic Effect of Prochloraz and Tebuconazole and Their Mixture on Fusarium graminearum

Wheat scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is increasingly severe in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region. With long-term use of single chemical pesticide,the drug resistance of F. graminearum is growing day by day. In order to reveal the inhibition effect and synergistic effect of prochloraz and tebuconazole and their mixture on F. graminearum,new compound agents for controlling wheat scab were developed. The inhibition effect and synergistic effect of prochloraz and tebuconazole mixed at seven different ratios on F. graminearum were studied. The results showed that the efficiency of the mixture was the best when the proportion of prochloraz and tebuconazole was 1:7; the EC50 was 0.145 36 and the synergistic coefficient was 1.853 9. The results provide a theoretical basis for development of new compound agents and effective control of wheat scab.

Determination of Tebuconazole Residue in Apples and Vegetables by Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion-Gas Chromatography

[ Objective] The study aimed to determine tebuconazole residue in apples and vegetables using matrix solid phase dispersion-gas chro- matography （MSPD-GC）. [ Method] The effects of extraction and determination conditions on the detection of tebuconazole left in apples and veg- etables were analyzed, and the optimum extraction conditions were determined. [ Result] The recovery rate of tebucenazole was the highest when the ratio of a sample to florisil dispersant was 1 ： 4, and the mixture of hexane and acetone （ 1 ： 1 ） with total volume of 8 ml was as the eluant. Under the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation （RSD） of the method was 4.9% -7.6%, and the detection limit was 0.1 tJg/g, while the re- covery rate of tebuconazole changed from 86.7% to 95. 2% . [ Conclusion] The method was simple, accurate, sensitive and applicable to the de- termination of tebuconazole in aaricultural Droducts.

Application Technology of Tebuconazole WG against Sheath Blight 75% Trifloxystrobin · Rice Blast and Rice

[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and different application periods of 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconazole WG on control effects against rice blast and rice sheath blight, as well as their effects on rice yields were studied in the paper. [Result] The control effects of three different fungicides application treatments against rice sheath blight were 80.24%, 83.0% and 67.99%, and the control effects against rice blast were 56.4%, 49.11% and 61.1%, respective- ly. Advanced application of fungicide for two times had good prevention effect against rice sheath blight ; properly delayed application of fungicides for two times was conducive to improving the control effect against rice blast, and one time application of sufficient fungicide during middle booting stage had higher control effect than application for two times. Effective panicle number per unit area, total grain number, 1 000-grain weight and moisture content of various fungicide application treat- ments did not have significant difference with those of the treatments without fungicide application, but grain number per panicle in treatments applied with fungicide was higher than the treatment without application. [ Conclusion] 75% Trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG has better control effect on rice blast and sheath blight, which helps to promote the formation of rice grain and increases yield significantly. The fungicide application against rice sheath blight should be appropriately ad- vanced, and application for one time against panicle blast after middle booting stage is helpful to improve the control effect.

白蛋白联合光疗治疗重度新生儿高胆红素血症疗效及对TBA、TSB水平影响

目的探究综合运用白蛋白和光疗对治疗重度新生儿高胆红素血症的效果及对患儿总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TSB)水平的影响。方法选择2020年1月—2022年12月于淮安市淮阴区妇幼保健院接受临床干预的85例重度新生儿高胆红素血症的患儿为研究对象,按照其接受干预方式分为研究组(45例)和对照组(40例)。研究组联用白蛋白与光疗治疗,对照组接受单纯光疗治疗。比较两组患儿临床干预效果、干预过程中TBA、TSB等实验室指标的变化情况,并统计两组患儿治疗过程中并发症的发生情况。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预12~72 h,研究组患儿的TBA和TSB水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患儿超敏C反应蛋白(HS-CRP)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,研究组患儿HS-CRP、FFA水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论白蛋白联合光疗对重度新生儿高胆红素血症患儿具有较好的干预效果,能够显著降低新生儿TBA及TSB水平,治疗安全性较好,值得临床应用。

Analysis of Serum Cys-C,TBA,and Routine Blood Parameters of Patients with Hepatitis B-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis

Objective:To study the levels of serum cystatin C(Cys-C),total bile acid(TBA),and other routine blood parameters on patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:Study group 1 consisted of 30 patients with hepatitis B-related decompensated cirrhosis,and study group 2 consisted of 30 patients with hepatitis B;while the control group consisted of 30 healthy people who underwent physical examination.The blood parameters were used to evaluate the clinical treatment effect of patients.Results:The TBA,Cys-C,alanine transaminase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and international normalized ratio(INR)in study group 1 were significantly higher than those of study group 2 and the control group;while the platelet count(PLT),hemoglobin(Hb),albumin(ALB),and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were significantly lower in the study group 1 compared to the control group and study group 2(P<0.05).The Cys-C,PLT,TBA,AST,TBIL,and INR of patients in study group 1 who were successfully treated were significantly lower than the patients who were not successfully treated(P<0.05).Conclusion:Serum Cys-C,TBA,and routine blood parameters are useful in predicting the condition and the prognosis of patients of hepatitis B-related decompensated cirrhosis.

海南省稻瘟病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性及抗性菌株适合度

通过检测海南省稻瘟病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性及抗性菌株的适合度,了解海南省稻瘟病菌对戊唑醇的抗药性风险,为该杀菌剂的科学使用及抗性治理提供理论依据和策略。采用菌丝生长速率法测定2022年采集分离自海南省的144株稻瘟病菌株对戊唑醇的敏感性,根据菌株的敏感性频率分布,建立海南省稻瘟病菌对戊唑醇的敏感基线。选取敏感基线建立过程中测得的有效抑制中浓度(EC_(50))较低的敏感菌株15个,在连续选择压下进行抗药性驯化,对驯化出的菌株进行抗性水平划分,并测定抗性菌株的遗传稳定性及其对戊唑醇与杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯、氟环唑、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、烯唑醇之间的交互抗性以及适合度。结果表明,供试144株菌株的EC_(50)值在0.176 9~0.998 0μg/mL,其中最不敏感菌株的EC_(50)值是最敏感菌株的5.64倍,EC_(50)平均值为(0.476 3±0.174 5)μg/mL。菌株的敏感性频率呈连续性单峰曲线分布,海南省稻瘟病菌对戊唑醇的敏感基线为0.476 3μg/mL。通过对15株敏感菌株进行药剂驯化共获得2株抗性菌株,其EC_(50)值分别为1.289 5μg/mL和1.868 4μg/mL,抗性倍数分别为5.38倍和6.65倍,均属低抗性水平。将上述2株抗性菌连续转接8代后,其始终保持低水平抗性。通过测定吡唑醚菌酯、氟环唑、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、烯唑醇对戊唑醇抗性菌株及亲本菌株的EC_(50)值并进行对比,结果显示,戊唑醇在对海南省稻瘟病菌的防治上与上述药剂均不存在交互抗性。对戊唑醇抗性菌株的离体适合度进行测定发现,相比于亲本菌株,2株抗性菌株的菌丝生长速率显著降低,且孢子产量均出现不同程度下降。此外,其对强酸和强碱环境更加敏感,致病力也大大减弱。因此,海南省稻瘟菌株对戊唑醇产生抗药性突变的频率较低,其抗性菌株的环境适合度显著下降,抗药性风险较低。此外,海南省稻瘟病菌对戊唑醇与常用杀菌剂无交互抗药性,可在生产上通过交互轮换使用或与多作用位点保护剂混合使用等策略来延缓抗药性的产生。

自配清洗液在佳能TBA-FX8全自动生化分析仪上的应用分析

目的研究自配酸、碱清洗液与佳能TBA-FX8全自动生化分析仪原装清洗液性能的一致性,为实验室临床使用自配酸、碱清洗液提供数据支持,降低实验室临床检测试剂使用成本。方法通过自配清洗液和原装清洗液比对验证实验,比较自配清洗液和原装清洗液相关性、准确度、精密性等性能指标的一致性。结果自配清洗液与原装清洗液检测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),相关性良好(r>0.99),检测准确度高、精密性好,与原装清洗液性能一致。结论自配酸、碱清洗液能替代原装进口试剂,应用于佳能系列全自动生化分析仪,降低试剂使用成本。

啤酒老化的预测——TBA值测定方法的探讨

对由Grigsby和Palamand提出并用于预测啤酒老化的TBA(硫代巴比妥酸 )值测定方法进行了进一步的探讨和改良 ,确定了TBA值的测定条件为 :测定吸收波长为 5 3 0nm ;TBA溶液为含质量分数为 0 2 8%TBA的体积分数为 60 %的乙酸溶液 ;反应温度 60℃ ,反应时间 60min ;空白样中添加体积分数为 60 %的乙酸溶液。同时对TBA值与醛类物质及其他羰基化合物的相关性进行了初步研究。

TBA环氧树脂超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的研究

采用双酚A(BPA)在酸性介质中,以乙醇为溶剂,与NaBr、KBrO3在过氧化氢存在的条件下发生溴代反应,生成四溴双酚A(TBA);TBA与环氧氯丙烷(EHC)在氢氧化钠溶液的作用下,通过逐步聚合得到TBA型环氧树脂;以TBA环氧树脂为成膜物质与聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、三氧化二锑、氯化石腊、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌复配得到TBA型环氧树脂超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料A组分,以固化剂聚酰胺300#为B组分,m(A)∶m(B)为1∶1复配得到常温固化型双组分TBA环氧树脂超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料。

乳化型香肠脂肪氧化值TBA测定方法的研究

硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法是测定脂质氧化的一种常用方法,但对不同的样品需要有针对性的方法。本实验以乳化香肠作为研究对象,讨论了TBA反应法中丙二醛与TBA反应的时间、温度等,并对TBA方法中的酸萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法进行比较。结果表明:水浴温度95℃,水浴时间50min时,反应较充分。蔗糖与亚硝酸盐对酸萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法的影响不显著(P>0.05)。酸萃取法的回收率显著高于水蒸气蒸馏法(P<0.05),所以选取酸萃取法作为乳化香肠的测定方法,当添加三氯乙酸浓度为10%时,回收率最高。

杂多酸盐(TBA)_n[XW_9Mo_2(CH_3SiOSiCH_3)O_(39)]的合成和表征

具有Keggin衍生结构,以α-[SiW_(11)(RSiOSiR)O_(39)]^(4-)(R=C_2H_5、C_6H_5、NC(CH_2)_3、C_3H_5)为阴离子的杂多酸盐已有报道,但以[XW_9Mo_2(RSiOSiR)O_(39)]^(n-)为阴离子的杂多酸盐尚未见报道。本文首次合成六种以[XW_9Mo_2(CH_3SiOSiCH_3)O_(39)]^(n-)以及[XW_(11)(CH_3SiOSiCH_3)O_(39)]^(n-),(X=Si,P,Ge)为阴离子的杂多酸四丁基铵(TBA)盐,并对它们进行了表征。

锰与维生素E对克山病区粮饲养的大鼠体内GSH-Px及TBA值的影响

本文叙述了在克山病病区粮中混合1000ppm锰后大鼠血中GSH-Px受到抑制,但对血及组织中TBA值无明显影响。当饲料中补充200ppmVE后,血中GSH-Px活性明显上升,TBA位下降。实验表明,VE似乎可对抗外源性锰抑制血中GSH-Px水平的作用。

空心菜对戊唑醇的吸收与富集特征

为了研究空心菜对戊唑醇吸收与富集作用,通过水培试验分析空心菜对水中三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇去除效率以及戊唑醇在空心菜体内的富集与转运特征,评价其对戊唑醇污染环境的植物修复能力。结果表明:戊唑醇在空心菜种植的培养液中的消解速率明显快于无空心菜种植的培养液。在3个不同初始处理浓度(1、10、100μg·L^(–1))戊唑醇培养液中,处理10 d后空白对照组去除率几乎为0%,而空心菜处理组的去除率均大于85%,3个浓度处理组戊唑醇的消解半衰期分别为3.47、2.46和2.49 d。空心菜根和茎叶部位的富集行为具有较大差异,其生物富集量和生物富集系数均为根部>茎叶部,且茎叶部分的转运系数均小于1,表明戊唑醇很难在空心菜植株中向上迁移,易被根部富集,可见空心菜具有较好的修复戊唑醇污染水体的潜力。研究结果可为戊唑醇环境污染植物修复以及农业生产中合理用药提供数据支撑。

啤酒强制老化过程中SO_2、抗氧化力与TBA值的相关性研究

研究了啤酒强制老化过程中二氧化硫含量、抗氧化力评价指标与TBA值之间的相关性。Person相关性分析表明:二氧化硫含量与DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS自由基阳离子清除活性、还原力和金属螯合性之间有显著的正相关性,TBA值与抗氧化评价指标及二氧化硫含量之间呈显著的负相关性。逐步回归分析表明:提高啤酒中DPPH自由基清除活性可以抑制啤酒老化的TBA值,对TBA的抑制力达到97.7%。

三种TBA方法用于测定腌腊肉制品脂肪氧化程度适用性的研究

本文研究了亚硝酸钠和蔗糖对TBA试验的影响,比较了这两种物质对三种不同的TBA方法(蒸馏法、酸萃取法和样品直接反应法)用于腌腊肉制品脂肪氧化程度测定的适用性。研究发现,亚硝酸钠在酸性或加热条件下与丙二醛反应,导致吸光值降低;此外,TBA在常温下就可以和亚硝酸钠反应生成不可逆产物,利用此反应能够消除亚硝酸钠对吸光值的影响。蔗糖对TBA反应的影响与溶液pH值有关,当反应液的pH值小于2时,蔗糖与TBA反应生成的黄色物质(吸收峰450nm)就会叠加到532nm的吸收峰上,导致吸光值偏高;当反应液的pH值大于2时,蔗糖不会对吸光值产生影响。在三种不同的TBA试验方法中,样品直接反应法受亚硝酸钠和蔗糖的影响不显著(P>0.05)。蒸馏法和酸萃取法试验中TBA值都会随亚硝酸钠含量的增加而降低,随蔗糖含量的增加而升高。

超高压处理对啤酒TBA值和双乙酰含量的影响

对超高压处理技术应用于啤酒生产工艺进行了实验,分析了超高压处理条件与保持啤酒风味稳定性之间的关系。结果表明:①选择300 MPa的压力较为合适,过高的压力没有意义还浪费能源。②压力小于300 MPa时,促进清酒中α-乙酰乳酸的非酶分解及双乙酰的还原反应,具有降低双乙酰含量的作用;而压力大于300 MPa,会相对延缓双乙酰的还原,导致双乙酰含量的反弹。③为保持风味物质稳定性,保压时间不宜超过10 min。(陶然)