World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Cupping

World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Cupping,developed under the leadership of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,was approved by WFAS.This technical benchmark was issued on October 9,2023,and implemented on December 31,2023.The main contents include the scope,normative references,terms and definitions,procedures and rules,and safety.This article focuses on the above contents,an outlook on the application,popularization,and update plan of this technical benchmark is proposed.

Study of The Technical Index of Online Learning Behavior Analysis of Nursing Majors on The Superstar Platform Based on The Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model

Objective:To analyze the technical indexes of students’online learning behavior analysis based on Kirkman’s evaluation model,sort out the basic indexes of online learning behavior,and extract scientific and efficient evaluation indexes of online learning effect through statistical analysis.Methods:The online learning behavior data of Physiology of nursing students from 2021-2023 and the first semester of 22 nursing classes(3 and 4)were collected and analyzed.The preset learning behavior indexes were analyzed by multi-dimensional analysis and a correlation analysis was conducted between the indexes and the final examination scores to screen for the dominant important indexes for online learning effect evaluation.Results:The study found that the demand for online learning of nursing students from 2021-2023 increased and the effect was statistically significant.Compared with the stage assessment results,the online learning effect was statistically significant.Conclusion:The main indicators for evaluating and classifying online learning behaviors were summarized.These two indicators can help teachers predict which part of students need learning intervention,optimize the teaching process,and help students improve their learning behavior and academic performance.

Technical Regulations for Planting of Forage Sorghum in Hebei Province

According to the summary of many years of experiments, the application scope, basic demands, preparation before seeding, seeding demands, field management, mowing and harvesting, and other technical requirements of technical regulations for planting of forage sweet sorghum were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, aiming to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of forage sweet sorghum.

Technical Regulations on Cleaning Processing of Feeding Millet Seeds in Hebei Province

According to many years of experimental summary, the technical demands, process control, seed test, seed quality and work record （ledger management） of cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds in Hebei Province were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds.

Technical Problems and Approval Standards for the Regional Trials of Soybean Varieties in Liaoning Province

The technical problems and approval standards for the regional test of soybean varieties in Liaoning Province were discussed. The technical key points for the soybean regional trials were the selection of trial fields, preparations in lab be-fore sowing, preparations in regional trial field before sowing, sowing in suitable time and strict with sowing process, field management and survey record, harvest and sampling as wel as lab test and summary. In addition, the approval standards for common varieties and quality varieties for the soybean regional trials in Liaoning were introduced, with the aim to provide accurate and scientific theoretical basis for the approval of soybean varieties.

Classification and technical target of water electrolysis for hydrogen production

Continuous efforts are underway to reduce carbon emissions worldwide in response to global climate change.Water electrolysis technology,in conjunction with renewable energy,is considered the most feasible hydrogen production technology based on the viable possibility of large-scale hydrogen production and the zero-carbon-emission nature of the process.However,for hydrogen produced via water electrolysis systems to be utilized in various fields in practice,the unit cost of hydrogen production must be reduced to$1/kg H_(2).To achieve this unit cost,technical targets for water electrolysis have been suggested regarding components in the system.In this paper,the types of water electrolysis systems and the limitations of water electrolysis system components are explained.We suggest guideline with recent trend for achieving this technical target and insights for the potential utilization of water electrolysis technology.

Innovatory technical cooperation between Sino-Russian lndustries

Discusses the necessity for China and Russia to change the existing small scale and level bilateral economic and trade relations for better by breaking away from traditional thoughts and formulating new thoughts on development of economic and trade relations between the two countries, and suggests the need to develop all azimuth and multi level economic and trade relations with emphasis on industrial cooperations to develop the leading industries of these two countries in accord with the strategic partnership between these two countries for the 21 century to suit the changes in the formation of new multi pole international order, and concludes the industries in these two countries can be made structurally complementary to each other and coexistent with the leading industries by developing steady and reliable industrial cooperative relations to further strengthen the strategic partnership between the two countries.

Physicochemical and Mechanical Performances of Technical Flax Fibers and Biobased Composite Material: Effects of Flax Transformation Process

In France,the use of flax fibers as reinforcement in composite materials is growing exponentially in the automotive sector,thanks to their good physicochemical properties,environmental reasons,health neutrality and due to the European Council Directives on the reuse,recycling and valorization of car components and materials.The aim of our study is to investigate biochemical,physicochemical,and mechanical properties of technical flax fibers to evaluate the impact of transformation processes(scutching,hackling,and homogenization)on final properties of associated composite materials.Different chemical analysis such as Van Soest(biochemical fraction measurement),FTIR(Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy),and XRD(X-ray diffraction)were carried out on different process modalities and show that there is no significant difference in terms of biochemical fraction and crystallinity index.By the same token,mechanical behavior shows that Young’s modulus is not affected by the transformation process.This result is also observed for thermal behavior.The results highlight the fact that the transformation processes of technical fibers do not really affect their physicochemical and mechanical performances.

Technical Regulations for Integrated Prevention and Control of Weeds in Millet Fields in Hebei Province

According to the summary of experiments for many years, application scope, prevention and control principle and objects of technical regulation for integrated prevention and control of weeds in millet fields, as well as integrated control technologies including agricultural control, physical control and chemical control were studied, and the specific methods and technical indicators were determined.

Jebel Kurun Phosphate Rock Characteristics and Technical Viability to Produce Phosphoric Acid

The technical viability for utilizing Jebel Kurun phosphate reserve in Sudan for the production of a fertilizer grade phosphoric acid is assessed. Statistical analysis has been carried for 56 samples. Phosphate rock has been classified into three main types and then the number of samples representing each type has been identified. Average values for phosphorus pentoxide is 19% and for uranium is 81.47 ppm. The most abundant elements are silicon, aluminum, phosphorus, calcium and iron. Aluminophosphate ore (CaO% ≤ 12%, Al2O3% ≥ 20%, P2O5% ≥ 18%) is represented by 55.36% of sampled phosphate rock. This type can be used to produce phosphoric acid when P2O5 > 30%. Apatite rock including aluminophosphate CaO% ≥ 25%, Al2O3% ≤ 10%, P2O5% ≥ 20%, 12% ≤ SiO2 ≤ 35% is represented by 1.79% of sampled phosphate rock, this type can be used to produce phosphoric acid when it can meet the requirements of (CaO% ≥ 30%, Al2O3% ≤ 7%, P2O5% ≥ 25%, SiO2% ≤ 30%). Silica ore including phosphorus (SiO2% ≥ 40%, P2O5% ≤ 10%) is represented by 16.07% of sampled phosphate rock and Iron ore including phosphorus (Fe2O3% ≥ 20%, P2O5% ≤ 10%) is represented by 5.36% of samples. Both types cannot be used to produce phosphoric acid. The statistical distribution of P2O5 in the size fractions for a core drilled samples is required.

Technical Regulations for Facility Watermelon Production in Beijing

Aiming at the problems of low standardization, unstable quality and low commodity rate of facility watermelon cultivation technology in Beijing, to meet the demand for high-quality and standardized supply capacity of the watermelon industry, the technical regulations for facility watermelon production in Beijing area were formulated, mainly including the environmental conditions of the producing area, cultivation techniques, pest control and harvesting. This regulation can provide a reference for the standardization of facility watermelon production.

Socio-Economic and Technical Characteristics of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ndé Division, West Region of Cameroon

Insight is here provided into the socio-economic and technical characteristics of cattle production in the Ndé Division (West Cameroon region). Using a semi-structured questionnaire, information on the activity was assessed following onsite visits and interviewing breeders. Through a random sampling scheme, 110 breeders in the four subdivisions of the Ndé Division were shadowed. The majority (98.18%) of breeders were men aged 20 to 40 and married (91.82%). They belong to the Mbororo ethnic group, having cumulated more than 10 years in the activity. Most respondents (50.91%) did not attend school and earn their living mainly from livestock (78.18%). Cattle were raised for sale and to feed the breeder’s family (77.27%). The main mode of acquisition of animals was through inheritance (81.82%). The cattle breeds were mostly made up of white Fulani (70%), living in private farms using a combination of stake and barbed wires (67.27%) as fences. The combination of natural fodder and cooking salt was used by most breeders (59.09%) as a daily ration. Reproduction was by natural mating (97.07%). Parasites (internal and external) and foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases reported by the majority of farmers. Self-treatment (50%) was the main prophylactic measure taken by farmers in case of disease symptoms. Cattle herders faced several challenges, such as insufficient pasture (67.27%), agro-pastoral conflicts (76.36%) and diseases (90.91%). Cattle breeding was rather a widespread activity with no particular restriction.

Need Saliency and Academic Behavior of Technical Students in India: Implications for Career Sustaining Competences

In the current scenario of rapid expansion of higher education, it becomesimperative to study the dynamic factors underlying quality education,student motivation and learning outcomes. Most of the literature availableas on date are predominantly based on western studies, where theindividual’s personal achievement, autonomy, control, power are consideredto be most important. But these western models often influenced by theirindividualistic philosophy and cultural values are quite inapplicable forpluralistic Indian society, where we believe in collaboration and teamwork.Rare attempts have been made to develop an indigenous model to measurethese attributes in our society. The present study is first of its kind to assessthe salient and non-salient needs of technical students pursuing their studiesin India. Authors have identified measures of the students’ engagement invarious academic, co-curricular activities and their performance outcomes.A sample of Four-hundred and Sixty-five (N=465) engineering/sciencestudents were collected through purposive sampling exclusively from IITKharagpur , a premier technical institute in eastern India where studentsacross the country got selected and joined on merit basis, through thenational level joint entrance examination for Engineering and Science, thetoughest examination in the country, known as IIT-JEE. Career implicationsare discussed in light of the major findings.

Promote Technical Cooperation &Strengthen Enterprises' Benefits

InJuneof1999,CNPC-AlbertaPetroleumCenter(CAPC)conductedthechangeoftheBoardofDirectors.ShiXunzhi,assistantpresidentofCNPC,waselectedastheChairmanofthenewBoard.DuringtheFirstSessionoftheSecondBoardofDirectorsMeeting,ShiXunzhiwasinterviewedbySongJie,the...

First Batch of Topics of “Key Technical Standard Promotion Project” tarted,270 Important National Standards or Professional Standards Will Be Prepared

At the first working meeting of the 'Key Technical Standard PromotionProject', an important project of the national scientific and technical support plan during the'11th Five Year' held recently in Beijing, the first group of 11 research topics for the 'KeyTechnical Standard Promotion Project' was formally introduced. According to Ms. Yu Xinli, who is incharge of the project as Deputy Director of the China National Institute of Standardization, theproject comprises four aspects: the international standards key breakthrough project, the technicalstandards promotion project of adapting technical trade measures, the technical standards innovationproject of basic public welfare, and the technical standard enhancement project of public security.

Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation areas.

Can whole steps of grain production be outsourced? Empirical analysis based on the three provinces of Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan in China

Certain outsourcing services for agricultural management in China,such as pest control in grain production,have experienced prolonged sluggishness,contrasting with the relatively high level of outsourcing services observed in harvesting,land preparation,and sowing.This study examines the feasibility of implementing whole-step outsourcing in grain production by conducting a case study of rice and maize production in Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan provinces in China.The provision of outsourcing services hinges on two essential conditions:technological advancements fostering specialized production and economies of scale,coupled with a market size sufficient to realize the aforementioned potential economies of scale.The results showed that outsourcing pest control or harvesting services had varying economies of scale.The outsourcing services in pest control were less common than in harvesting services,and their marginal growth space of the economies of scale with technological change was also smaller.Determined by the operational characteristics of pest control itself,the market scale of its professional services is small.Therefore,achieving the whole-step outsourcing of grain production necessitates not only technological innovation but also effective policy interventions to overcome the constraints of market scale.Such interventions include(1)optimizing crop layouts between planning regions and reducing land fragmentation and(2)supplying timely and effective inter-regional agricultural information for service providers aided by information technology.

Construction of a nomogram model to predict technical difficulty in performing laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection for rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal surgeons are well aware that performing surgery for rectal cancer becomes more challenging in obese patients with narrow and deep pelvic cavities.Therefore,it is essential for colorectal surgeons to have a comprehensive understanding of pelvic structure prior to surgery and anticipate potential surgical difficulties.AIM To evaluate predictive parameters for technical challenges encountered during laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively gathered data from 162 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical sphincterpreserving surgery for rectal cancer.Three-dimensional reconstruction of pelvic bone and soft tissue parameters was conducted using computed tomography(CT)scans.Operative difficulty was categorized as either high or low,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of operative difficulty,ultimately creating a nomogram.RESULTS Out of 162 patients,21(13.0%)were classified in the high surgical difficulty group,while 141(87.0%)were in the low surgical difficulty group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the surgical approach using laparoscopic intersphincteric dissection,intraoperative preventive ostomy,and the sacrococcygeal distance were independent risk factors for highly difficult laparoscopic radical sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer(P<0.05).Conversely,the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance was identified as a protective factor(P<0.05).A nomogram was subsequently constructed,demonstrating good predictive accuracy(C-index=0.834).CONCLUSION The surgical approach,intraoperative preventive ostomy,the sacrococcygeal distance,and the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance could help to predict the difficulty of laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery.

Performance in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery: Does it reflect global rating scales in the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills in porcine laparoscopic surgery?

Objective:To correlate the utility of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery(FLS)manual skills program with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills(OSATS)global rating scale in evaluating operative performance.Methods:The Asian Urological Surgery Training and Educational Group(AUSTEG)Laparoscopic Upper Tract Surgery Course implemented and validated the FLS program for its usage in laparoscopic surgical training.Delegates’basic laparoscopic skills were assessed using three different training models(peg transfer,precision cutting,and intra-corporeal suturing).They also performed live porcine laparoscopic surgery at the same workshop.Live surgery skills were assessed by blinded faculty using the OSATS rating scale.Results:From March 2016 to March 2019,a total of 81 certified urologists participated in the course,with a median of 5 years of post-residency experience.Although differences in task time did not reach statistical significance,those with more surgical experience were visibly faster at completing the peg transfer and intra-corporeal suturing FLS tasks.However,they took longer to complete the precision cutting task than participants with less experience.Overall OSATS scores correlated weakly with all three FLS tasks(peg transfer time:r=0.331,r^(2)=0.110;precision cutting time:r=0.240,r^(2)=0.058;suturing with intracorporeal knot time:r=0.451,r^(2)=0.203).Conclusion:FLS task parameters did not correlate strongly with OSATS globing rating scale performance.Although FLS task models demonstrated strong validity,it is important to assimilate the inconsistencies when benchmarking technical proficiency against real-life operative competence,as evaluated by FLS and OSATS,respectively.