Combining Ability and Correlation of Ear Characteristics of Twenty Maize Inbred Lines

The combining ability and correlation of eight ear characteristics in 99 maize hybrids generated by crossing nine female parents with 11 male parents were analyzed by incomplete diallel cross （NC II ） design. The results showed that the line F6 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） for yield, followed by F7, M3, M4 and M8. All of the five lines have great potential in maize breeding. The cross combination M3xF10 had the highest specific combining ability （SCA） for yield, showing strong heterosis. Heritability analysis of ear characteristics showed that GCA variance was higher than SCA variance in ear diameter, number of rows per ear and seed rate, and they were mainly controlled by the additive gene effect, indicating that that the selections for these traits are effective at early generations. The other three traits had lower SCA, for which the selections should be carried out at late generations. The correlation analysis revealed that ear length, number of grains per row, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, 100-seed weight and seed rate had extremely significant positive correlations with grain yield per plant. Among them, number of grains per row had the most significant effect on yield per plant. Barren tip length had a significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Therefore, we concluded that the combinations with more grains per row and shorter barren tip should be selected to achieve high yield of maize.

Damage Characteristics and Control Techniques of Longhorn Beetles in Coffee Garden

Coffee longhorn beetles are major trunk-boring pests of coffee trees,which are widely distributed in most areas of China.The biological characteristics,damage characteristics,life history and control techniques of two species of coffee longhorn beetles are reported in this paper.

The effect of substrate grain size on burrowing ability and distribution characteristics of Perinereis aibuhitensis

Perinereis aibuhitensis(Grube, 1878) lives in marine sediments of estuary or shoal areas, where substrate has some crucial environmental factors affecting its burrowing and distribution. In order to provide basic data for the habitat selection and suitability evaluations of the artificial aquaculture of P. aibuhitensis, this paper conducted a quantified analysis of its burrowing ability and explored its behavioral preferences in different substrates,including mud(<75 μm), fine sand(125–250 μm), medium sand(250–500 μm), coarse sand(500–2 000 μm), gravel(2 000–4 000 μm) and ceramsite(4 000–8 000 μm). The research results revealed that substrate grain size significantly affected the burrowing time, burrowing rate, burrowing depth and distribution rate(P<0.01).Moreover, P. aibuhitensis demonstrated preferential selections relating to substrate grain sizes, had higher burrowing ability in ceramsite, mud and fine sand compared with other substrates. The strongest burrowing ability and the highest distribution rate were observed in ceramsite. The study indicated that P. aibuhitensis was sensitive to substrate grain size, which also had an impact on its burrowing process and population distribution.In the natural sea, substrates mainly composed of mud and fine sand are fit for aquaculture and stock enhancement. Based on behavioral preferences and ecological rehabilitation function of P. aibuhitensis, this paper proposes a symbiotic system of marine animals and halophytes, and constructs an ecosystem model of"Marine fish-Halophytes-Perinereis aibuhitensis" with P. aibuhitensis as the link.

Variety Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of Rape Changzayou 3

High-quality hybrid rape Changzayou 3 is a new yellow-seed double-low rape variety with high yield, good resistance to diseases and lodging and high oil content, suitable for winter cropping in central China. Its high-yield cultivation tech- niques are mainly early seeding at proper time, thinning timely, rational close planting, scientific fertilization, control of diseases and pest and weeding.

An Investigation on the Molecular Characteristics and Intracellular Growth Ability among Environmental and Clinical Isolates of Legionella pneumophila in Sichuan Province, China

Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics and intracellular growth ability of Legionella pneumophila(L. pneumophila) strains from 1989 to 2016 in Sichuan Province, China. Methods Seventy-nine isolates of L. pneumophila were collected from environmental and clinical sources, including cooling towers, hot springs, bath water, fountains, and patients, and identified with 16 S rRNA gene analysis and serum agglutination assay. The isolates were then typed by Sequence-Based Typing(SBT), and Genotyping of forty-two LP1 strains were analyzed by means of multiple-locus VNTR analysis with 8 loci(MLVA-8). All strains were further analyzed for two virulence genes: Legionella vir homologue(lvh) and repeats in structural toxin(rtx A). The intracellular growth ability of 33 selected isolates was determined by examining their interaction with J774 cells. Results All isolates were identified to L. pneumophila including 11 serogroups, among which the main serogroup were LP1, accounting for 54.43%. Thirty-three different sequence types(STs) from five main clonal groups and five singletons were identified, along with 8 different MLVA patterns. Both the lvh and rtx A loci were found in all 79 strains. Thirty isolates showed high intracellular growth ability in J774 cells. Conclusion L. pneumophila is a potential threat to public health, and effective control and prevention strategies are urgently needed.

The concept and characteristics of clinical practice ability in Master Degree of Nursing (specialty)

The concepts of ability, practice ability, and professional practice ability were analyzed using a theoretical research method. Based on the results of the analysis, the concept of clinical practice ability for Master Degree of Nursing（specialty） students was de？ned, and the characteristics were interpreted to provide references for future in-depth studies.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST LAND AND THE TECHNIQUES OF REFORESTATION IN FIRED LAND IN DAXING'AN MOUNTAINS

Analysis of nature environmental condition and evalwtion of selection and integration ofteclmiques have been carried out in Daxing’an mountains from 1987. The character of soil generaion in this area is influenced by the frigid, coniferous forest vegetation, weather, glacier and late soil formation process. Syntliesis teclmiques for high yield plantation include high seedling quality,suitable site preparation and eftbctive protectioll measures for yoimg trees.

Connotation and Characteristics of Employment Ability of New-generation Migrant Workers in China

Based on China's special conditions and characteristics of specific group of new-generation migrant workers,this article researches connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China,that is,the connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China should include four aspects:professional knowledge and skills,learning capacity,adaptability and environmental force.On this basis,through the analysis of indicators concerning connotation of employment ability,we get the overall characteristics of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China and reason responsible for its serious weakness.Finally we put forward corresponding countermeasures as follows:impart professional knowledge and skills;promote learning capacity;foster adaptive capacity;improve employment environment.

Evolution of soil DOM during thermal remediation below 100℃:concentration,spectral characteristics and complexation ability

The impact of thermal remediation on soil function has drawn increasing attention.So far,as the most active fraction of soil organic matter,the evolution of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the thermal remediation lacks in-depth investigation,especially for the temperatures value below 100℃.In this study,a series of soil thermal treatment experiments was conducted at 30,60,and 90℃ during a 90-d period,where soil DOM concentration increased with heating temperature and duration.The molecular weight,functional groups content and aromaticity of DOM all decreased during the thermal treatment.The excitation-emission matrices(EEM)results suggested that humic acid-like substances transformed into fulvic acid-like substances(FIII/FV increased from 0.27 to 0.44)during the heating process,and five DOM components were further identified by EEM-PARAFAC.The change of DOM structures and components indicated the decline of DOM stability and hydrophilicity,and can potentially change the bioavailability and mobility.Elevated temperature also resulted in the decline of DOM complexation ability,which may be caused by the loss of binding sites due to the decrease of polar function groups,aromatic structures and hydrophilic components.This study provides valuable information about the evolution of DOM during thermal remediation,which would potentially change the fate of metal ions and the effectiveness of the post-treatment technologies in the treated region.

Growth and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Yb^3+:LiGd(WO_4)_2 Crystal

The Yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal with the dimension of Ф15×35 mm3 was grown by Czochralski technique. The spectroscopic characterization and fluorescence dynamics of Yb3＋ in yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal were investigated. The yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal exhibits a broad absorption band centered near 975 nm with the linewidths of 16 and 11 nm and maximal absorption cross-section of 3.60 × 10-20 and 2.90× 10-20 cm2 for π- and σ-polarization, respectively. The emission broadband has an FWHM of 47 and 45 nm with the emission cross sections of 3.92 × 10-20 and 3.34× 10-2o cm2 at 1020 nm for re- and or-polarization, respectively. The measured fluorescence lifetime is 398 gs. The blue light emission around 480 nm through cooperative upconversion from the de-excitation of excited Yb3＋-Yb3＋ pairs at 4 K was observed under 932-nm excitation and demonstrated.

Optical-Electrical Characteristics and Carrier Dynamics of Semi-Insulation GaAs by Terahertz Spectroscopic Technique

OaAs has been widely used to fabricate a variety of optoelectronic devices by virtue of its superior performance, and it is very important to accurately measure its electrical and optical properties. In this study, a semi- insulation （SI） GaAs wafer is investigated by the terahertz （THz） non-destructive testing technology. Using an air biased coherent generation and detection THz time domain spectroscopy system, the THz time domain waveform and spectrum of SI-GaAs are obtained by the time domain spectroscopy module, and its optical- electrical characteristics including complex refractive index, permittivity and dielectric loss angle are calculated. Its carrier lifetime is measured by the optical-pump THz-probe module, and the THz pulse induced intervalley scattering in photo-excited SI-GaAs is discussed.

A Comparative Study of Dispersion Characteristics Determination of a Trapezoidally Corrugated Slow Wave Structure Using Different Techniques

The linear dispersion relation of a trapezoidally corrugated slow wave structure （TCSWS） is analyzed and presented. The size parameters of the TCSWS are chosen in such a way that they operate in the x-band frequency range. The dispersion relation is solved by utilizing the Rayleigh-Fourier method by expressing the radial function in terms of the Fourier series. A highly accurate synthetic technique is also applied to determine the complete dispersion characteristics from experimentally measured resonances （cold test）. Periodic structures resonate at specific frequencies when the terminals are shorted numerical calculation, synthetic technique and cold appropriately. The dispersion characteristics obtained from test are compared, and an excellent agreement is achieved.

Construction of a model of autologous blood intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with a double injection and double needle withdrawal and the characteristics of the operative technique

BACKGROUND ： Experimental animal models of intracerebral hemorrhag （ICH） are greatly needed, so the process of establishment should be ideal in hematoma formation and easy to operate. OBJECTIVE ： To construct model of ICH in rats with double injection of autologous blood taken from the cut tail cut and double withdrawal of the needle （shortened as two-step injection model）, and compare with those induced by single and double injections. DESIGN ： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Thirty male Wistar rats of 10 to 12 months, weighing （400±25） g, provided by the Experimental Center of Medical Animals, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, were divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group： two-step injection group, single injection group, double injection group. METHODS ： The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from March to June in 2004. Autologous blood ICH model in rats were established as follows： In the two-step injection group, 50 μL unclotted autologous blood was taken from the rat tail cut, then injected with microsyringe into the caudate nucleus, 10 μL injected at first, paused for 2 minutes, and then the rest 40 μL injected slowly and continuously within 2 minutes. After the injection, the needle was kept immovable for about 4 minutes, withdrawn 2.0 mm, again kept immovable for about 4 minute, and then removed wholly at a slow speed. In the single injection group, 50 μL unclotted tail blood was injected slowly and continuously all within 2 minutes and the needle was slowly removed;（4） In the double injection group, 10 mL blood was injected at first, paused for 2 minutes, the rest 40 μL injected evenly within 2 minutes, and then the needle was withdrawn slowly and uninterruptedly. Neurologic findings were scored in accordance with Longa＇s five-point scale （0-4 scores, the higher the score, the severer the neurological dysfunction）. The rats were killed to remove and sections were prepared, the morphological features of hematomas were grossly observed, the maximal diameter and size of hematomas in each slice were measured with the imaging analytical system, and the volume was calculated. Meanwhile, the conveniences of the techniques were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The morphological features and volume of hematomas, neurologic deficit score （NDS）, and the convenience of the techniques were compared. RESULTS： All the 30 rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. （1） Results of the morphological observation of volume of hematoma： In the two-step injection group, hematomas located in the right caudate nucleus area regularly in circular or analogously circular shape in each slice. The formation rate of hematomas in the single injection group and double injection group were lower than those in the two-step injection group [60% （6/10）, 80% （8/10）, 100% （10/10）, P〈 0.01, 0.05]. The volume of hematomas in the single injection group and double injection group were smaller than those in the two-step injection group [（28.5±14.8）, （33.4±7.4）, （41.6±3.9） mm3, P〈 0.01, 0.05]. （2） NDS results： The NDS scores in the single injection group and double injection group were smaller than that in the two-step injection group （0.90±0.83, 1.30±0.78, 1.90±0.57, P〈 0.05）. （3）Comparison of the convenience of the techniques： The double injection method allowed generating reproducible hematomas in rats with shortcomings that it needed autologous arterial blood from femoral artery, and precision instruments such as microinfusion pump. The two-step injection injected fresh unclotting blood taken directly from the tail cut with microsyringe into the rat brain, and it has the advantages of easy operation, no influence on the activity of thrombase, shorter duration for model establishment, and higher rate of hematoma formation, which could generate ideal and economical models of ICH. The two-step injection induced hemotoma regularly in circular or analogously circular shape in each slice, but those induced by single and double injections were mostly in strip or fusiform shapes and extending along the needle tracks or into the ventricle or subarachnoid space. CONCLUSION ： The autologous blood ICH model induced by the two-step injection method is a reproducible and reliable one in regular shape, which is better than those induced by double and single injections.

Estimations of Precipitable Water and Its Characteristics during the HUBEX/IOP 1998

GMS-5 satellite data at channels of infrared split windows and water vapor are analyzed to retrieve the precipitable water (PW) distributions under cloud-free conditions. Radiosonde data and surface station data are applied to estimate the PW distributions under cloudy conditions. These two methods are then merged to obtain the PW distributions under all-weather conditions during the Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX). The results of the all-weather PW distributions from these methods demonstrate that this new merging technique may be applied to derive large-scale or global maps of PW. It is revealed that the atmospheric water vapor over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basins came mainly from the southwest during the 1998 prevailing period of Meiyu. Sufficient atmospheric PW is a necessary condition for ground rainfall. Under certain dynamic conditions, it can be partially transformed into surface precipitation. Several types of rain are displayed and their PW conditions and characteristics, as well as atmospheric dynamic conditions, are analyzed. It is demonstrated that surface precipitation centers usually appear not at the high PW centers but on their downwind sides.

SMI technique for the diagnosis of neovascularization in carotid plaques and its association with plaque acoustic characteristics

Objective:Application of microvascular imaging technique to evaluate the difference of blood flow imaging with different sonographic characteristics.Method:Selection in our hospital with carotid plaques in 120 patients,record 120 plaques on the patient's body, the thickness of endometrium by two-dimensional bounce and SMI technology to the patient, plaque morphology, acoustic characteristics, and the formation of new blood flow inside the plaque were analyzed.Result:The rate of neovascularization in the mixed echo plaques and hypoechoic plaques was significantly higher than that in the other two plaques, there was a difference in blood flow in all types of plaques. The internal echo between different patches of blood flow rate of appearance comparison, we can get a conclusion, no significant hypoechoic plaques and mixed plaques echo difference, compared with mixed echo plaque and medium echo, hyperechoic plaque had significant difference. Conclusion The SMI technique evaluated plaque blood flow imaging to obtain the followingConclusions: the rate of neovascularization in hypoechoic plaques and mixed echo plaques was significantly higher than that in moderate echo plaques and hyperechoic plaques,and SMI provides a new possibility for the diagnosis of neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques and its manifestation in different echo plaques.

Analysis on Genetic Characteristics of Leaf Angle in Waxy Corn

The leaf angle in waxy corn is a significant trait for breeding corn with compact plant type, which is beneficial to improve yield. According to the Griffing method II, the GCA （general combining ability） and SCA （specific combining ability） of leaf angle trait in the 7 waxy corn inbred lines and 21 combinations were esti-mated, and the genetic characteristics of leaf angle in corn were also analyzed. The results showed that among the 7 inbred lines, the GCA values ranked as N22 〉N8 〉 N28 〉 N7 〉 N23 〉 N27 〉 N4. The GCA of N27 showed great negative ef-fect, and the genetic variance of its SCA was lower. It suggested that the N27 can be used as an ideal parent for breeding excel ent combinations with smal leaf angle and compact plant type. The inheritance of leaf angle trait in waxy corn is in ac-cordance with the model of ＂additive - dominant - epistatic＂. The efficiency of leaf angle trait is control ed by recessive genes. The broad heritability of leaf angle trait in waxy corn is relative low （68.5%）, but its narrow heritability is relatively high （72.62%）. In the breeding practices, the early-generation selection is more suitable for the leaf angel trait.

Breeding and Seed Reproduction Techniques of a New Tetraploid Common Buckwheat Variety‘Pintianqiao 3’

[Objectives]This study was conducted to actively carry out the breeding of new tetraploid common buckwheat varieties and its supporting breeding techniques.[Methods]Pintianqiao 3 is a new tetraploid common buckwheat variety developed by College of Agriculture of Shanxi Agricultural University and Agricultural Genetic Resources Center of Shanxi Agricultural University,using‘Pintianqiao 1’as the parent,through mutation treatment with 0.2%colchicine aqueous solution,grain selection,plant selection,isolation and identification,variety comparison,regional test and field investigation.The variety has chromosomes 2n=4X=32,and shows a spring sowing period of 101 d and a summer sowing period of 80 d,large flowers and seeds(with a 1000-grain weight of 41.4 g),and good resistance to lodging.[Results]From 2021 to 2022,Pintianqiao 3 participated in the independent joint regional test of common buckwheat varieties in Shanxi Province,and the average yield in 10 test positions was 1.8 kg,equivalent to 1800 kg/hm^(2),which was 8.4%higher than the control.It passed the field investigation conducted by Shanxi provincial expert group for identification of non-major crop varieties in Dongyang and Kelan experimental sites on September 2-3,2022.On January 4,2024,it passed the preliminary examination of Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.The seed reproduction technique of Pintianqiao 3 including land selection,preparation before sowing,sowing,field management and timely harvesting has been developed.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for the demonstration and popularization of this new variety.

Analysis on the Physical Characteristics of High-level Football Players

This article uses the literature data method and literature review method to review and collect relevant literature,and summarizes and analyzes the representative views on domestic physical fitness research.After summarizing and summarizing,it is considered that:physical energy is the basic athletic ability of the human body expressed through physical qualities such as strength,speed,endurance,coordination,flexibility,and sensitivity,and is an important component of athletes'athletic ability.The level of physical fitness is closely related to the morphological characteristics of the human body and the functional characteristics of the human body.The morphological characteristics of the human body are the structural basis of its physical fitness,and the functional characteristics of the human body are its biological functional basis.As the basic ability of athletes,physical fitness is an important factor of athletes'competitive ability.Each competitive sport has its own specific physical characteristics and training rules and methods.Grasping these laws has very important guiding significance for the improvement of athletes'sports level.

Characteristics and High-yield Cultivation Techniques of the Main Potato Variety Jinshu 16 in Shanxi Province

With NL94014 as the female parent and 9333-11 as the male parent,the potato research laboratory of High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences obtained true seeds through sexual hybridization,and systematically and directionally bred a new potato variety Jinshu 16 with high yield,good comprehensive resistance and middle and late maturity.This variety has been listed as one of the mainstay varieties in Shanxi Province for many times.In this paper,the characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of Jinshu 16 are introduced,in order to guide field production and get better returns.

Activation characteristics analysis on concealed fault in the excavating coal roadway based on microseismic monitoring technique

In order to effectively monitor the concealed fault activation process in excavation activities, based on the actual condition of a working face containing faults with high outburst danger in Xin Zhuangzi mine in Huainan, China, we carried out all-side tracking and monitoring on the fault activation process and development trend in excavation activities by establishing a microseismic monitoring system. The results show that excavation activities have a rather great influence on the fault activation. With the working face approaching the fault, the fault activation builds up and the outburst danger increases; when the excavation activities finishes, the fault activation tends to be stable. The number of microseismic events are corresponding to the intensity of fault activation, and the distribution rules of microseismic events can effectively determine the fault occurrence in the mine. Microseismic monitoring technique is accurate in terms of detecting geologic tectonic activities, such as fault activations lying ahead during excavation activities. By utilizing this technique, we can determine outburst danger in excavation activities in time and accordingly take effective countermeasures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of outburst accidents.