A FGR Software Model for Measuring the Effect of Technological Progress

The work of quantitative studying the effect of technological progress on economic growth, being of great complexity and far-reaching significance, has become a quite popular research topic in the world. In recent years there are a large number of scientists who are engaged in this research both at home and abroad.

The effect of domestic and foreign trade coordination on technological innovation： complements or substitutes？

Based on the theory of technology spillover in international trade, this paper discusses the technological innovation effect of trade by taking the influence of domestic trade into account. Under the constraint of the production possibility frontier, there is either complementarity or substitutability between domestic and foreign trade. It must be decided whether resources should be concentrated in one of the sectors （trade specialization） or instead allocated equally （trade equalization） between the two sectors. This paper firstly discusses how domestic trade and foreign trade work together to influence technological innovation, and how trade equalization and specialization affect different types of innovation. Using a provincial-level panel dataset from 2007 to 2015 in China, this paper constructs the indicators of domestic and foreign trade linkage and examines the impact of trade on innovation. The findings show that trade equalization mainly promotes incremental innovation, while trade specialization improves radical innovation. Thus, in the area of incremental innovation, attention should be paid to the equalized development of domestic and foreign trade, while in areas pursuing radical innovation, emphasis should be put on the specialization of the trade sector, avoiding equal allocation of resources to the two sectors.

A Schematic Simulation for Health Economic Feasibility Studies: Results from a Model for Cardiac Remote Monitoring

The market for active implants and biosensors is of high economic and medical interest. As health economic considerations get into focus in terms of business planning and reimbursement, valid and flexible economic feasibility studies get more important. Unfortunately, literature mostly provides only single economic views on specific aspects like cost savings from reduced rehabilitation in a special patient cohort. To make planning and technology value negotiation more effective and more valid, a methodology to collect relevant data from different studies and normalize it to a common set of parameters was developed for the field of cardiac monitoring in a mixed example population with an approach of simple external weight, ECG and blood-pressure measurement or implanted devices for cardiac monitoring. The target entities taken into account by the simulation model were the impacts on heart attack, stroke, heart failure and the process of implant monitoring. Simulation took place at an example population of 500 patients with specific morbidity criteria. The health economic value was calculated over a period of three years and was split into a technology effectiveness measurement in Quality-adjusted-Lifetime-Years (QALYs) and a “cost- saving-part”. QALYs were chosen as technology effectiveness parameter for a combined and weighted mortality- and morbidity-reduction. Allocating 24.000 Euro to a saved QALY, 42% of the cost would be allocated to QALYs meaning money being spent for gained lifetime-years. The remaining 58% would be the different real cost savings: a per patient gross saving of 3.308 € per year would result for that part (21% on heart attack, 3% on stroke, 68% on heart failure and 8% on implant monitoring). Up-to-date studies do not provide a simple mechanism to allow custom-tailored health economic feasibility study results in terms of other specific population mixes or outcome parameters. Target audiences for the methodology of the described simulation are payors and solution providers targeting a specific patient population or specific telemedical situations. This way product development can address market-related needs more specific and healthcare providers can compare different outcome parameters in the given entities.

Inter-industry Technology Spillover Effects in China:Evidence from 35 Industrial Sectors

The present paper calculates 35 industrial sectors similarity matrices for the period of 1997-2008 using China s input-output tables for 1997, 2002 and 2007, and uses these to measure inter-industry technology spillover to analyze the spillover effects on industrial sectors lahor productivity. The empirical analysis shows that inter-industry technology spillover has a significant positive effect on the labor productivity of each industry. The elasticity of productivity effects of inter-industry technology spillover is not only larger than that of direct R＆D input, but also increases over time. We group the industries into four major categories and find that the inter-industry technology spillover effect within the categories is, on average, greater than that between the four categories, indicating that technology spillover occurs more easily between similar industries. This research shows that the interindustry technology spillover effect in China has begun to increase, and the government should take advantage of this effect.

1st UMN-CAS Bilateral Seminar on PM_(2.5) science,health effects and control technology Xi'an,China,May 27-28,2014

The First UMN-CAS Bilateral Seminar was successfully con- cluded with all the goals met. The meeting in Xi＇an was informative, stimulating and enjoyable, thanks to the local host, Prof. Junji Cao, and his capable staff. The Bilateral Seminar was organized by Prof. David Y.H. Pui of the University of Minnesota and Prof. Junji Cao of the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sci- ences. It was attended by approximately 100 delegates from the University of Minnesota （UMN）, the Center for Filtration Research （CFR）, the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） and other famous Chinese universities. We are grateful for the opening remarks given by UMN President Eric hai Li on behalf of President Kaler and CAS Vice President Jing- Chunli Bai.

Has Global Division of Labor Increased Markup of Chinese Enterprises?

The paper calculates the number of production stages for measurement of production segmentation,and discusses and depicts the microscopic impacts and effects of production segmentation of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup.The DLW method is used to calculate the markup of Chinese enterprises,the fi xed-effect model is used to analyze the impact of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup,and an instrumental variable method is constructed to relieve endogeneity.The research findings show that enterprises have significantly increased their markup by choosing global production segmentation,international production segmentation and domestic production segmentation.Global production segmentation can significantly increase the markup of low-productivity enterprises,hi-tech enterprises and private enterprises.Particularly,low-productivity enterprises choose international production segmentation and hi-tech enterprises choose domestic production segmentation.Production segmentation can offset to a certain extent low markup of export enterprises and domestic-oriented enterprises caused by the“competition effect”.In addition,enterprises’“technological progress effect”and“trade cost effect”are two possible channels by which production segmentation facilitates the increase of markup.The paper enriches and expands the literature about the impacts of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup,the robustness is analyzed from the perspectives of enterprise heterogeneity,industrial&technical heterogeneity and structure,and the impact mechanism is validated through the intermediate effect model.Our important findings are of important implications for solving the“low markup trap”of Chinese enterprises and enhancing labor division of the global value chain of enterprises.