Permitted emissions of major air pollutants from coal-fired power plants in China based on best available control technology

Based on the activity level and technical information of coal-fired power-generating units(CFPGU)obtained in China from 2011 to 2015,we,1)analyzed the time and spatial distribution of SO_(2) and NOx emission performance of CFPGUs in China;2)studied the impact of installed capacity,sulfur content of coal combustion,and unit operation starting time on CFPGUs’pollutant emission performance;and 3)proposed the SO_(2) and NOx emission performance standards for coal-fired power plants based on the best available control technology.Our results show that:1)the larger the capacity of a CFPGU,the higher the control level and the faster the improvement;2)the CFPGUs in the developed eastern regions had significantly lower SO_(2) and NOx emission performance values than those in other provinces due to better economic and technological development and higher environmental management levels;3)the SO_(2) and NOx emission performance of the Chinese thermal power industry was significantly affected by the single-unit capacity,coal sulfur content,and unit operation starting time;and 4)based on the achievability analysis of best available pollution control technology,we believe that the CFPGUs’SO_(2) emission performance reference values should be 0.34 g/kWh for active units in general areas,0.8 g/kWh for active units in high-sulfur coal areas,and 0.13 g/kWh for newly built units and active units in key areas.In addition,the NOx emission performance reference values should be 0.35 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.175 g/kWh for new units and active units in key areas.

Developing High-Precision Maps for Automated Driving in China:Legal Obstacles and the Way to Overcome Them

A high-precision map(HPM)is the key infrastructure to realizing the function of automated driving(AD)and ensuring its safety.However,the current laws and regulations on HPMs in China can lead to serious legal compliance problems.Thus,proper measures should be taken to remove these barriers.Starting with a complete view of the current legal obstacles to HPMs in China,this study first explains why these legal obstacles exist and the types of legal interests they are trying to protect.It then analyzes whether new technology could be used as an alternative to resolve these concerns.Factors such as national security,AD industry needs,and personal data protection,as well as the flexibility of applying technology,are discussed and analyzed hierarchically for this purpose.This study proposes that China should adhere to national security and AD industry development,pass new technical regulations that redefine the scope of national security regarding geographic information in the field of HPMs,and establish a national platform under the guidance and monitoring of the government to integrate scattered resources and promote the development of HPMs via crowdsourcing.Regarding the legal obstacles with higher technical plasticity,priority should be given to technical solutions such as“available but invisible”technology.Compared with the previous research,this study reveals the current legal barriers in China that have different levels of relevance to national security and different technical plasticity.It also proposes original measures to remove them,such as coordinating national security with the development of the AD industry,reshaping the boundary of national security and industrial interests,and giving priority to technical solutions for legal barriers that have strong technical plasticity.

High quality large single crystals of metal halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications

As the technological development of large single-crystalline wafers have revolutionized many industries including electronics and photovoltaics,one can predict that the availability of large single-crystalline perovskite crystals and wafers can revolutionize its broad applications in photodetectors,solar cells,LEDs,lasers,etc.In 2015,Liu et al.