Turkey’s automotive industry has begun to occur at a much earlier date compared to other developing countries,through licensing agreements to establish automotive industrial facilities,by importing a kind of technolo...Turkey’s automotive industry has begun to occur at a much earlier date compared to other developing countries,through licensing agreements to establish automotive industrial facilities,by importing a kind of technology.Attempts have been made in order to produce the domestic automobile road providing sectoral developments could enter another technology pathway.Moreover,the inventor of a very early date in the Fordist production system,such as 1929 by Ford Motor Company with the license agreement,as if he could provide for setting up production facilities in Istanbul’s company,this bad experience has refrained for years from entering as a manufacturer Ford Motor Turkey market.Thus,while Turkey is an attractive market for car production,on the other hand,sufficient improvement over time in the production of trucks and other automotive products,such as buses has not been achieved.The 1929 experience seems to have been effective in terms of Turkey.Because,it was necessary to wait until 1971 for OYAK and TOFAŞto establish automobile assembly facility with license agreements.With the start of production of two automotive industry facilities,there has been a significant increase in sectoral production figures,but this increase trend has not been sufficiently supported by the government through the incentive system and in the late 1970s the production of the automotive industry has declined.For the first time in 1961,efforts were made to produce a completely domestic automobile,although the prototype of the revolutionary car was successfully produced,mass production could not be started.Subsequently,the production of the Anadol automobile for the second time was tried by means of technology transfer from multiple sources and the serial production of this automobile continued for a while.However,since fiber glass bodywork was used instead of hair bodywork and export opportunities could not be found,production was stopped completely in the end of 1980s.In the 1980s,automobile production continued in two assembly plants and product diversification was carried out to increase the production volume.In the 1990s,three new assembly facilities,Honda,Toyota and Hyundai,were established and the number of assembly production facilities in the country increased to five and technology loyalty based on technology imports continued.Until 2014,the automotive industry continued to consist of five automobile assembly plants and other automotive products assembly plants.In 2015,it was announced to the public that a new domestic car prototype was produced.It was announced that the project will start mass production in 2019.However,it was determined that the prototype would be re-manufactured at the end of 2019 by making changes in the project and that it would be possible to start mass production in 2022.Thus,it is understood that the efforts to start mass production since 2015 can be concluded in 2022,i.e.7 years after the first prototype was produced.It can 161produce prototypes in a short period of four months in Turkey in 1961,as evidenced by an indication of the dependency on a long time wasting which is not technology importation pathway,such as five years.How to break the path of devotion demonstrates that it is a difficult job.Path dependency is thought to result from the education system.展开更多
Using the elbow function method to determine the number of classification groups of goods and applying the K-means algorithm to classify technical goods, this paper constructs a scientific classification framework of ...Using the elbow function method to determine the number of classification groups of goods and applying the K-means algorithm to classify technical goods, this paper constructs a scientific classification framework of commodity structure and then measures the changes in China ＂s import commodity structure. It is found, first, that from 2000 to 2012, the import commodity structure in China underwent structural change. Shares of non-agricultural primary products and high-technology products increased sigmficantly, whereas shares of low-medium-technology products and medium-high-technology products declined. Second, from 2000 to 2006, the overall technology level of China＇s imports declined, but then increased from 2007 to 2012. Therefore, the Chinese Government shouM increase the share of high-technology and extra- high-technology products in total imports to stimulate structural transformation in manufacturing industries to make full use of foreign advanced technology and to prevent stepping into a low-end import commodity structure.展开更多
My talk is titled "the Importance of Science and Technology for China". Yet I begin not with what science can do for a nation, I begin personally - with what has drawn me personally to science. It is joy. I ...My talk is titled "the Importance of Science and Technology for China". Yet I begin not with what science can do for a nation, I begin personally - with what has drawn me personally to science. It is joy. I experience, quite selfishly and privately, joy when I engage in one of the greatest adventures of the mind:展开更多
In 1999,the Chinese government decided to launch an annual high-tech trade show.China Hi-Tech Fair(CHTF)-in Shenzhen.So far,The CHTF has been held successfully for eight years.
文摘Turkey’s automotive industry has begun to occur at a much earlier date compared to other developing countries,through licensing agreements to establish automotive industrial facilities,by importing a kind of technology.Attempts have been made in order to produce the domestic automobile road providing sectoral developments could enter another technology pathway.Moreover,the inventor of a very early date in the Fordist production system,such as 1929 by Ford Motor Company with the license agreement,as if he could provide for setting up production facilities in Istanbul’s company,this bad experience has refrained for years from entering as a manufacturer Ford Motor Turkey market.Thus,while Turkey is an attractive market for car production,on the other hand,sufficient improvement over time in the production of trucks and other automotive products,such as buses has not been achieved.The 1929 experience seems to have been effective in terms of Turkey.Because,it was necessary to wait until 1971 for OYAK and TOFAŞto establish automobile assembly facility with license agreements.With the start of production of two automotive industry facilities,there has been a significant increase in sectoral production figures,but this increase trend has not been sufficiently supported by the government through the incentive system and in the late 1970s the production of the automotive industry has declined.For the first time in 1961,efforts were made to produce a completely domestic automobile,although the prototype of the revolutionary car was successfully produced,mass production could not be started.Subsequently,the production of the Anadol automobile for the second time was tried by means of technology transfer from multiple sources and the serial production of this automobile continued for a while.However,since fiber glass bodywork was used instead of hair bodywork and export opportunities could not be found,production was stopped completely in the end of 1980s.In the 1980s,automobile production continued in two assembly plants and product diversification was carried out to increase the production volume.In the 1990s,three new assembly facilities,Honda,Toyota and Hyundai,were established and the number of assembly production facilities in the country increased to five and technology loyalty based on technology imports continued.Until 2014,the automotive industry continued to consist of five automobile assembly plants and other automotive products assembly plants.In 2015,it was announced to the public that a new domestic car prototype was produced.It was announced that the project will start mass production in 2019.However,it was determined that the prototype would be re-manufactured at the end of 2019 by making changes in the project and that it would be possible to start mass production in 2022.Thus,it is understood that the efforts to start mass production since 2015 can be concluded in 2022,i.e.7 years after the first prototype was produced.It can 161produce prototypes in a short period of four months in Turkey in 1961,as evidenced by an indication of the dependency on a long time wasting which is not technology importation pathway,such as five years.How to break the path of devotion demonstrates that it is a difficult job.Path dependency is thought to result from the education system.
基金This paper is supported by the National Social Science Foundation （No. 14ZDA082 ）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 71473020）, the Social Science Foundation of Education Ministry of China （No. 14YJA790058） and the Beijing Social Science Foundation （No. 15JGA005）.
文摘Using the elbow function method to determine the number of classification groups of goods and applying the K-means algorithm to classify technical goods, this paper constructs a scientific classification framework of commodity structure and then measures the changes in China ＂s import commodity structure. It is found, first, that from 2000 to 2012, the import commodity structure in China underwent structural change. Shares of non-agricultural primary products and high-technology products increased sigmficantly, whereas shares of low-medium-technology products and medium-high-technology products declined. Second, from 2000 to 2006, the overall technology level of China＇s imports declined, but then increased from 2007 to 2012. Therefore, the Chinese Government shouM increase the share of high-technology and extra- high-technology products in total imports to stimulate structural transformation in manufacturing industries to make full use of foreign advanced technology and to prevent stepping into a low-end import commodity structure.
文摘My talk is titled "the Importance of Science and Technology for China". Yet I begin not with what science can do for a nation, I begin personally - with what has drawn me personally to science. It is joy. I experience, quite selfishly and privately, joy when I engage in one of the greatest adventures of the mind:
文摘In 1999,the Chinese government decided to launch an annual high-tech trade show.China Hi-Tech Fair(CHTF)-in Shenzhen.So far,The CHTF has been held successfully for eight years.
