The Combination of BIM Technology with the Whole Life Cycle of Green Building

In the rapid development of modern cities, the construction of green low-car- bon livable cities and the realization of energy-saving and beautification of buildings are now being strongly promoted and havebecome an important indicator of urban development. With the implementation of green building and BIM technology, the combination of BIM technology with green building is a new momentum in the development of the construction industry. The application of BIM can make the quantitative management of green buildings in the whole life cycle, get rid of the shackles of traditional models, make the design and construction process more accurate, and also make the whole process of green buildings more standardized. Among them, the core of BIM is the information model, and the core of green building is: low energy consumption, green and sustainable. This paper firstly explains the concepts and advantages of BIM technology and green building, and separately elaborates the significance of using both in the construction field. Secondly, the current development status of BIM technology and green building is obtained by studying and analyzing the development status and connection between them. Finally, combining BIM technology in the whole life cycle of green building, analyzing the current situation and advantages and disadvantages of using the combination of green building and BIM in actual engineering, clarifying the importance of using BIM in the whole life cycle of green building, and highlighting the combination of BIM technology and the whole life cycle of green building as an important tool for the future development of the construction industry.

The study of the life cycle of technology assessment model

The life cycle of technology is one of the most important indexes to weigh up the risk of the investment to neo tech.There are so many uncertainties because it is conditioned by a lot of factors,we can not make a rational forecasting by traditional assessment method.So this paper gives a comprehensive consideration to the factors that influence production and makes some modification to production function, and establishes the life cycle of technology assessmet model by the method of fuzzy mathematics. So it quantifies the risk of investment.We can take it as one foundational index for the decision making of the investment.

Research onthe Industrial Technology StandardDevelopment Momentum and Evolution Cycle

标准的竞争已经成为产业技术竞争的至高点,谁掌握了产业技术标准就意味着掌控了竞争的决定性力量D 产业技术标准具有公共物品属性、中介性、路径依赖性和垄断性特征D 对产业技术标准动力系统进行分析发现,市场需求劳动、技术创新、技术标准的网络效应和强制性力量是决定技术标准胜出的主要力量.产业技术标准也是不断变化的,也经历着产生、成长、成熟和衰落四个阶段性规律性的变化周期.由于技术创新发展速度和市场接纳程度的不同,不同产业技术标准在每一个阶段维持的时间不同.

LIFE CYCLE AND PRODUCTION OF CHIRONOMIDAE(DIPTERA) IN BIANDANTANG, A TYPICAL MACROPHYTIC LAKE (HUBEI, CHINA)

The life cycle and annual production of four dominant species of Chironomids ( Chironomus plumosus, Chironomus sp., Clinotanypus sp., Tokunagayusurika akamusi) were studied with samples taken monthly in Biandantang Lake at eight stations from April, 1996 to March, 1997. Instar frequency data showed C. plumosus was univoltine, while the other three were bivoltine. Production in wet weight (g/(m 2·a)) calculated by the size frequency method for each species were: C. plumosus, 2.663 ; Chironomus sp.,1.161 ;Clinotanypus sp., 0.270; T. akamusi , 1.476. Based on the mean standing stock, their P/B ratios were 3.2, 4.0, 6.2 and 4.4, respectively.

Life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 production using cryogenic oxygen distillation

In this study, life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 by using cryogenic distillation of oxygen is performed using SimaPro 8.3 software. Life cycle assessment is performed to understand the environmental profile and hotspots of this process in order to be used in design and development. Simulation of oxygen-18 process is executed by Hysys software, and the required inputs and outputs for inventory of life cycle were acquired. By doing life cycle assessment and considering achieved results after characterization and normalization of inventory data it has been investigated that in the majority of environmental impacts electricity consumption has a huge contribution relative to other parts of the system like liquefied oxygen production from air separation unit,required facilities for air separation and oxygen-18 units, and needed transportation. Also, among 17 impact categories investigated in ReCiPe impact assessment method, fossil depletion, climate change(human health),particulate matter formation, climate change(ecosystem), human toxicity, and metal depletion have the most contribution in entire environmental loads respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that changing life cycle impact assessment method from ReCiPe to IMPACT 2002+ has no significant effect on acquired results and results are confident. In addition, assumption of market for depleted oxygen from heavy isotopes which is withdrawn from top of distillation columns showed some positive effects compared to first case and environmental impacts resulted from liquefied oxygen production(feed) reduced but because of huge contribution of electricity consumption compared to other sections, this positive effect has no remarkable influence on entire environmental loads of product system.

A Study of the Bullwhip Effect for Short Life Cycle Products in Supply Chain Management

Shorter product life cycles present new dressed in supply chain literature. This research challenges to managing production and logistics not adequately adaddresses issues pertaining to the management of supply chains in a short life cycle environment. In this paper, we study the short life cycle environment; then we develop the ventory policy of the indirect manufacturer by explicitly using his demand us an output of the retailer＇s optimal inoptimal ordering policy. Finally, we also provide causes of the bullwhip effect in the context of short life cycle products.

Life cycle assessment of mobile phone housing

The life cycle assessment of the mobile phone housing in Motorola(China) Electronics Ltd. was carried out, in which materials flows and environmental emissions based on a basic production scheme were analyzed and assessed. In the manufacturing stage, such primary processes as polycarbonate molding and surface painting are included, whereas different surface finishing technologies like normal painting, electroplate, IMD and VDM etc. were assessed. The results showed that housing decoration plays a significant role within the housing life cycle. The most significant environmental impact from housing production is the photochemical ozone formation potential. Environmental impacts of different decoration techniques varied widely, for example, the electroplating technique is more environmentally friendly than VDM. VDM consumes much more energy and raw material. In addition, the results of two alternative scenarios of dematerialization showed that material flow analysis and assessment is very important and valuable in selecting an environmentally friendly process.

Evaluation for Applied Materials of Eco-technology

The eco-materials(include natural and artificial material) applied in the eco-technology in internal currently,usually lack of evaluation for applicative conditions.Hence,this study carry on the whole research and identifications to draft the eco-materials of eco-technology.The evaluation models of applied materials for eco-technology were proposed.The quantitative score were obtained by expert’s person evaluation.Three models were proposed to quantify the effects of applied materials on the ecological environment.The statistical procedures were adopted to compare the performance of these materials for eco-technology.The results indicated that the comparison of applied materials can be treated by quantitative analysis.For the further analysis,more evaluated data from expert’s experience need to be collected then the bias of person subject can be reduced.In addition to reach the benefits in the respects of ecosystem,society,economy and function,also practice the comprehensive effects in eco-technology.

The study of metal cycles in China

A model of Fe-flow in the life cycle of steel product was put forward and analyzed. Three important resource and environmental indicators for Fe-flow analysis,that is,steel scrap index,iron ore index and iron loss index were derived from this model. Illustrative examples,demonstrating the influence of the variation of steel output on steel scrap index and iron ore index were given. Case studies for estimating the values of steel scrap index of Japan,China and USA in the period of 1988-1997 were carried out. It was clarified that the main reason of severe deficiency in steel scraps for China's steel industry was its continued rapid growth. The study of iron,copper,zinc and lead cycle in China was carried out successfully according to this model.

Research of Entropy-Based Overall Performance Measurement Model of Enterprises Technology Alliance

The performance measurement of enterprise technology alliances is complex.In this article,evaluation mechanism of entropy has been applied to it.Above all,performance connotation of enterprise technology alliance is defined from the aspect of self-organizatlon theory.Then,on dynamic and systerna-tical view,an entropy-based overall performance measurement model for technology alliance is established,using its life-cycle as the principal line,which includes initial condition evaluation,process e- valuation as well as benefit evaluation.Finally,a case study is carried out to the demonstration of that model.The author believes that an improved performance measurement model based on alliance life-cycle would be practicability to alliance.

Identifying grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis

Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.