COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among teenagers and their parents in Zhejiang, China: An online cross-sectional study

Objective:To examine COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among teenagers and their parents in Zhejiang,China.Methods:An online cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of teenagers in Zhejiang,China from May 1 to 31,2022.Data were interpreted via univariate and multivariate analyses using the statistical package for the social sciences(SPSS)program.Results:A total of 11115(96.11%)participants and 11449(99.00%)of their children in Zhejiang,China had been vaccinated against COVID-19.Children whose parents did not receive COVID-19 vaccination were 19 times(aOR 18.96,95%CI 12.36-29.08)more likely to be unvaccinated than their counterparts.In addition,children with no previous influenza vaccination,those whose parents doubted the COVID-19 vaccine’s safety or effectiveness,were 6.11 times(aOR 6.11,95%CI 2.80-13.34),8.27 times(aOR 8.27,95%CI 5.33-12.83),and 2.69 times(aOR 2.69,95%CI 1.11-6.50)more likely to be unvaccinated than their counterparts,respectively.COVID-19 vaccine uptake varied between different sociodemographic groups.However,the odds of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine decreased as age and education level increased.The main refusal reasons claimed by participants were that they had medical conditions that may not qualify them for vaccination(53.78%),followed by safety concerns about the vaccine(13.56%),not knowing where to get vaccinated(6.44%),and concerns about fertility issues(5.56%).Conclusions:Despite a highly encouraging level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Zhejiang,China,the elderly and highly educated people had lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake.It is suggested that tailored health education strategies should be taken to increase the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in such groups.Furthermore,with vaccination rates at such a high level,the pandemic is still ongoing,and public confidence in vaccines may decline.Thus,sufficient evidence-based information regarding COVID-19 vaccines should be provided to the public.

Subacute osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus caprae in a teenager:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus caprae(S.caprae)is a human commensal bacterium which can be detected in the nose,nails,and skin.It can be responsible for heterogeneous infections such as bacteremia,endocarditis,pneumonia,acute otitis externa,peritonitis,and urinary tract infections.Bone and joint infections due to S.caprae have also been reported,but most of them resulted from the infection of orthopedic devices,especially joint prostheses and internal osteosynthesis devices.Rare cases of primary osteoarticular infections caused by S.caprae have been described,including osteitis,arthritis,or spondylodiscitis.CASE SUMMARY We report an unusual case of subacute osteomyelitis in a toe phalanx caused by S.caprae in a 14.5-year-old girl.CONCLUSION Subacute S.caprae osteomyelitis is a little-known and probably underestimated community-acquired infectious disease.This microorganism’s pathogenicity should be seen as more than a classic nosocomial orthopedic device infection.

Implications of The Gift of the Magi for Moral Education of Teenagers From the Perspective of Interaction Ritual Chains

Adolescence is a pivotal moment in shaping one’s character and holds great implications for one’s values and personal growth.The Gift of the Magi by O.Henry portrays how an ordinary young couple in difficult financial circumstances managed to show their love for each other,eulogizing truth,goodness,and beauty in humanity.We conducted a thorough examination of the significance of moral values conveyed in The Gift of the Magi for teenager education using the“situation-emotion-symbol”model that is based on Randall Collins’theory of interaction ritual chains in order to establish an interaction ritual chain model for moral education of teenagers.Our study reveals that situated cognition is useful in constructing the focus of attention for the moral education of teenagers;that shared emotion is the driving force for achieving moral education of teenagers;and that symbolic connections help teenagers put the virtues they’ve learned from The Gift of the Magi into action and provides effective measures that can significantly contribute to the cultivation and implementation of moral education among teenagers.

The Prevalence Outcome and Associated Factors of Teenage Pregnancy in the Bamenda Health District

Teenage pregnancy is a common public health problem worldwide because teenagers in general are ill-prepared to deal with the burden of pregnancy. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest burden of teenage pregnancy precisely in the west and central Africa;in Cameroon, about 12% of all births are to teenage mothers. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15 to 19. Though the trend of teenage pregnancy tends to decrease in most parts of the world, this is not the case in our setting. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, outcomes and the associated factors of teenage pregnancy in the Bamenda Health District (BHD). Materials and Method: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study carried out at the maternity and postnatal units of the Bamenda Regional Hospital and the Nkwen Medicalised Health Center. A consecutive non-probabilistic sampling technique was used to recruit participants. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information from the participant. Data was analysed using the software SPSS version 23. Bivariate logistic regression was used to test for associations. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. Result: A total of 325 participants were recruited of which 44 were teenagers. The mean age of the participants was 25.02 ± 0.257 years. The mean age of teenagers was 17.49 ± 0.63 years, and mean adult age was 28.43 ± 5.64 years. The youngest participant was 15 years. Teenagers were significantly more likely to prematurity (OR = 0.14;95% CI = 0.06 - 0.31;PV = 0.001), Low birth weight among teenagers (OR = 0.077;95% CI = 0.03 - 0.21;PV = 0.001), Still birth;OR = 0.07;95% CI = 0.01 - 0.86;PV = 0.03) Neonatal admission also high among teenagers (OR = 0.172, 95% CI = 0.08 - 0.39, PV = 0.001) compared to the babies of their adult counterpart. The rate of caesarean section and episiotomy was high among adult deliveries (21.7%). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of teenage pregnancy (13.54%) in the Bamenda Health District. prematurity was independently associated with teenage pregnancy. perineal tears were the most common maternal outcome of teenage pregnancy. Adolescents/teenagers in rural areas, having a low level of income, and low level of education were associated with high level of teenage pregnancy.

The Influence of Watching TV Talent Show on Teenagers Socialization From Marcuse’s Thought of“One Dimensional Person”

Based on Marcuse’s thought of“one-dimensional person”,this paper discusses the influence of TV talent show on teenagers’socialization.By analyzing the characteristics of TV talent shows that emphasize individual competition and success,appearance and image,and instant satisfaction,it is pointed out that these characteristics are easy for teenagers to produce the mentality of pursuing fame and fortune,appearance,and instant satisfaction,ignoring the development of other important values and qualities.Therefore,we need to guide teenagers to maintain a critical attitude toward TV talent shows,and pay attention to cultivating their independent thinking and all-round development.

Should Teenagers Do Housework?

Recently I’ve had a discussion with my classmates about whether teenagers should do housework. Some students say that many parents don’t let their daughters or sons do anything, because they hope that their children have more time for lessons so that they can go to university and then have good jobs. Some of us think that it’s a waste of time. Some think that they are too young not to①do anything. They think that the housework should be done by their parents. I don’t agree with it.

Violence in Online Games:How Does It Affect Teenagers in China?

Nowadays many teenagers play online games.Too much violence in online games deeply affects the teenagers' life,makes them act in a violent manner.Actions should be brought for change to protest.

Ulcerative colitis with inflammatory polyposis in a teenage boy:A case report

Ulcerative colitis in addition to inflammatory polyposis is common.The benign sequel of ulcerative colitis can sometimes mimic colorectal carcinoma.This report describes a rare case of inflammatory polyposis with hundreds of inflammatory polyps in ulcerative colitiswhich was not easy to distinguish from other polyposis syndromes.A 16-year-old Chinese male suffering from ulcerative colitis for 6 mo underwent colonoscopy,and hundreds of polyps were observed in the sigmoid,causing colonic stenosis.The polyps were restricted to the sigmoid.Although rectal inflammation was detected,no polyps were found in the rectum.A diagnosis of inflammatory polyposis and ulcerative colitis was made.The patient underwent total colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis.The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 8.Endoscopic surveillance after surgery is crucial as ulcerative colitis with polyposis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.Recognition of polyposis requires clinical,endoscopic and histopathologic correlation,and helps with chemoprophylaxis of colorectal cancer,as the drugs used postoperatively for colorectal cancer,ulcerative colitis and polyposis are different.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Secondary School Teenagers towards HIV Transmission and Prevention in Rural and Urban Areas of Central Uganda

HIV/AIDS has remained a challenge in Uganda among adolescent despite the ABC strategy used globally to prevent HIV infection. The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of secondary school teenagers towards HIV transmission and prevention in rural and urban schools of central Uganda. A cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and structured interviews was used to collect data from adolescents in secondary schools in Kampala and Buikwe districts. Eight schools were randomly selected with 4 schools in each district. A total of 245 students from schools were recruited in the study with 120 and 125 students from urban Kampala and rural Buikwe district schools respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11. The results were expressed as percentages in a 2 × 2 tables. The mean age of the participants was 15.9 ± 2.5 years. Results showed that 95.1% participants had knowledge on HIV/AIDS in both urban and rural schools and 27.4% knew all the modes of HIV transmission. About 83.7% knew the ABC strategy for HIV prevention and 37.6% would talk about HIV/AIDS mainly with friends. For HIV cure, 62.0% of study participants reported non-cure and 24.9% were not sure. The remaining 13.1% of the study participants in both urban and rural schools reported that HIV can be cured. And the modes of curing HIV that were mentioned by participants included spiritual healing, transmitting it to others through sexual intercourse and that antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs can cure it as well as that it can be cured abroad. About 65.7% of participants reported recognition of one with HIV/ AIDS and by having red lips, being sickly;weight loss, skin rash and being very rich were mentioned. About 39.2% of the study participants mentioned that they cannot get infected with HIV and can’t contract HIV at all and 18.4% believed that chances of getting HIV infection were high. On perception and attitude on condoms and their use, participants reported that it is a sign of mistrust, reduces sexual pleasures and they are embarrassing to buy. Majority of the participants in both urban and rural schools had some knowledge on HIV/AIDS and the ABC strategy for HIV prevention. However, there was a knowledge gap on the various modes of HIV transmission and prevention. There was misconception of the participants on HIV/AIDS cure, condom use and on the chances of contracting HIV. About the source of HIV/AIDS information, majority of the participants were getting information on HIV/AIDS from friends of which some information was misleading. This false information could be the reason for the increased HIV prevalence reported among the adolescents in the schools. Generally, participants had some knowledge on HIV/AIDS though they had knowledge gap on HIV transmission and prevention.

Teenage pregnancy and the sociodemographic attributes as a major contributor: Findings from an urban referral center in Nepal

BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy is a challenging issue worldwide.Yet,despite the increased health risk and socioeconomic impact of teenage pregnancy,the numbers remain high in Nepal.AIM To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Nepal.METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital from April to August 2017.A total of 1359 mothers were assessed and interviewed regarding their reproductive history and sociodemographic attributes.Ethical approval from the Nepal Health Research Council,permission from the concerned hospital,and consent from study subjects were obtained.RESULTS Of the 5526 deliveries,679(12.3%)were teenage pregnancy deliveries.The majority(85.1%)of mothers(out of 1359)were married at<20 years of age,with a mean age of marriage of 17.57 years(±1.994,range:12-25 years).Marriage age was a significant determinant of teenage pregnancy(odds ratio[OR]2.423[2.262-2.596];P<0.001).Likewise,a love marriage(OR:2.018[1.585-2.570];P<0.001)and first teenage pregnancy(OR:3.622[3.265-4.017];P<0.001)were significant determinants for subsequent teen pregnancies.Knowledge of family planning methods(OR:0.474;0.288-0.779;P=0.003)and use of any methods of family planning utilization(OR:0.345;0.248-0.479;P=0.000)significantly lowered the chance of teenage pregnancy.CONCLUSION Teenage pregnancy occupies a substantial proportion of total deliveries in the Nepalese maternity hospital.In addition,early pregnancy was significantly associated with age and type of marriage,education level,knowledge,and practice of contraceptive methods.

Differences in the Motivation of Teenage Learners of English in A Chinese Language Context

This paper aims to explore motivational variations in different teenage English learner groups in Chinese context.Drawing on L2 Motivational Self System as the theoretical framework,combining You and Dornyei’s research with my professional teaching experience,this paper found that students who learn English for the purpose of passing the exam,ought-to L2self dimension is the highest,with L2 learning experience and ideal L2 self following behind.Students who tend to live or study abroad,ideal L2 self is the best predictor,followed by L2 learning experience and ought-to L2 self.This indicates that teachers should improve teaching methods,apply motivational strategies in the classroom,and encourage and help students to use selfmotivating strategies to motivate themselves.

Implementing and Popularizing Health Clinics and Educational Programs in NJ School Areas for Supporting NJ Pregnant Teenagers

This proposal focuses on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy issue in NJ and illustrates the benefits of school-based health clinics and educational programs which should be implemented for teenage pregnancy and childbearing.Without the early intervention of educational programs and preventive medical services which should be implemented in school areas,teen pregnancy and childbearing can have physical and emotional health influences on teen mothers,their babies and other family members,and the worst consequence should be abortion.What’s more,teenage pregnancy and childbearing have substantial economic consequence for state.The annual estimated cost associated with teen childbearing (teens 19 and younger) in NJ to taxpayers is at least $167 million in 2004 (24% federal costs and 76% state and local costs).Studies demonstrated that a much larger amount of money is spent on the consequences of teenage pregnancy than on prevention.NJ has an opportunity to invest in prevention and reduce not only the monetary but also the societal costs to our youth burdened by the often overwhelming responsibilities of teenage pregnancy and parenting.According to the 15 years follow-up research and data analyzing,two models of success which specifically implemented in South Carolina high schools and Chicago public schools have been proved to effectively reduce incidence of repeat pregnancy and emergency room visits,reduce incidence of teen mothers smoking during pregnancy,improve emotional outcomes among teen mothers,decrease incidence of teen mothers drug impairment,arrest,conviction,or jail time and reduce use of food stamps and other public assistances,which can consequently increase the state public health costs.In order to support teen mothers’ academic,physical,emotional and social needs in a stable and consistent school environment,the plan which titled "Physical and Mental Health Promotion for NJ Teen Mothers" is effective and practical enough to arouse the attention of some relevant departments.It’s worth patron to fund the plan because supporting teenage pregnancy at early stage can subsequently benefit the national and state economy and teen mothers.

Drivers of early marriage and teenage pregnancy in Kenya and Uganda during COVID-19 lockdown period:A systematic review

The present study aimed to explore the drivers of early marriage and teenage pregnancy in Kenya and Uganda during COVID-19 lockdown period.A systematic review design was adopted.The major online databases utilized were PubMed,Google Scholar,Uganda and Kenya Ministry of Health repositories,ScienceDirect,and Scopus.Studies that were originating from Kenya and Uganda that were publicly available in electronic format published from March 2020 to March 2022 were used.The thematic analysis identified major concepts that were drivers to the present research problem which were as follows:(1)school closure and(2)loss of income by parents.The COVID-19 containment measures introduced in the two countries were noted as major contributing factors.During the pandemic,lockdown led to school closures which meant the teenagers being idle at home with an increased opportunity to indulge in sexual risk behaviors.Schools have been noted to be a safe place protecting this vulnerable population.However,with their prolonged closure,the teenagers were exposed to sexual predators.Parents lost income,and this might have contributed to early marriages and teenagers’dependency on their sexual partners.Based on the reviewed evidence,the present study furthers the advocacy for the reduction of early marriages and teenage pregnancy,especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic era.The study calls upon the governments to intensify efforts toward the present research problem as the COVID-19 pandemic is eroding the earlier gains made within the region.

Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes of Teenage Pregnant Women Attending a Secondary Hospital in Hyderabad

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in teenage pregnancies at secondary hospital Hyderabad. Methods: Retrospective record review was conducted between January 2012 to January 2016. Total No. of deliveries was 15,395 out of which No. of teenage was 452. Results: Rate of teenage pregnancy in our hospital during study period was 2.93%. Majority of women were uneducated. Teenage mother more likely to develop pregnancy induced hypertension 19.5%, frequency of mild, moderate, and severe anemia were reported to be 69.9%, 28.8% and 1.3% respectively. Conclusion: Fetal and neonatal outcome was not adversely affected. Teenage pregnancy outcome can be achieved favorable with good antenatal care.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Teenage Pregnancy among Secondary and High School Students in the Tiko Health District, South West Region, Cameroon

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a common public health problem with global estimates of 16 million teenage births yearly. It is one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal mortality worldwide with the majority of the cases seen in the low and middle-income countries. Cameroon has recorded the highest fertility rate among teenagers in the entire Central African region as of 2017. Notably, there are limited data available on assessing the awareness and prevention of teenage pregnancies among secondary and high school students in Cameroon. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of teenage pregnancy among secondary and high school students in the Tiko Health District, South West Region, Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted whereby data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 250 systematically sampled participants from five teaching institutions in the Tiko Health District. Data was analysed using the EPI Info software, version 7.0. The study was carried out from the 15th November 2018 to the 20th of May 2019. Results: We had a total of 250 participants. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 5.20% (95% CI 3.34 - 9.1). A total of 47.20% (95% CI: 37.56 - 53.6) of participants were sexually active. Having multiple partners was a major risk factor for teenage pregnancy (AOR: 3.2, 95%CI: 1.75 - 4.03, P-value: 0.03). After adjusting for confounders educational level was a risk factor for the awareness of teenage pregnancy (AOR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.30 - 0.92, P-value: 0.04). Poor communication skills, social shyness, and lack of knowledge were potential barriers to contraceptive use. Conclusion: Having multiple sexual partners was a risk factor to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. The majority of adolescents had considerate ideas of teenage pregnancy, its prevention, and its consequences. However, a good number of them lack adequate knowledge of a comprehensive sexuality education. Thus, measures have to be put in place to provide better sex education to adolescents.

Socio-demographic determinants of teenage pregnancy in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates of maternal and neonatal mortality worldwide. Young maternal age at delivery has been proposed as risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome, it occurs in all races, faiths, socioeconomic statuses, and regions. Teenage mothers are likely to be unmarried, poor and to sacrifice education. Isolation, unstable marriages, stress, and guilt are among many social and psychological problems. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic factors associated with teenage pregnancy in our environment, in order to proffer measures that can help curtail this continuing socio-medical problem. The records of all teenage mothers (aged 13 - 19) who had delivery at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, over a period of 4 Years (January 1 2007 to December 31 2010) were retrospectively reviewed. There were a total of 1341 deliveries during the study period, out which 83 were teenagers giving an incidence of 6.2%. The age of the patients ranged from 14% to 19 years with a mean age of (28.1 ± 5.7) years. Their parity ranged from zero to three, with a mean of 2.4 ± 1.9. About a third (20%/24.1%) were primigravidae, 33%/39.9% had at least secondary education and majority (48/57.8%) were unbooked, unmarried (60%/ 72.3%), unemployed (62%/74.7%) and of low social class. Majority 71 (85.5%) of the teenage mothers had never used any form of modern contraceptive method and 45 (54.2%) of them had terminated at least one pregnancy in the past. 26 (31.3%) had Caesarean sections, majority of which were emergencies 22 (84.6%). It was concluded that teenage mothers in the Niger Delta tend to have unfavorable socio-demographic and obstetric factors. Concrete measures must be put in place to address these.

The Epidemiologic and Maternal and Fetal Prognosis of Teenage Girls

Objective:?To identify the epidemiologic profile of the teenage mother;determine the frequency of teenage deliveries at CHME/Monkole;identify the most common obstetric complications during childbirth in adolescents;and evaluate the maternal and fetal prognosis of teenage birth in our environment.?Methods:?We conducted a descriptive study with a retrospective approach using records of teenage births admitted to the CHME/Monkole maternity between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017.?Results:?The overall rate of teenage delivery was 3.9%. 2016 saw a high rate of 55.2%. The average age was 18.2 years old, and the age group 17?-?19 was the most affected. The commune of Mont-Ngafula had registered more cases than the other communes with 56.7%. The majority of teenage girls who gave birth were primigravida (91%). Urogenital infection was the most common pathology observed during?antenatal care (ANC)?visits in teenage pregnancies (25.4%). Fetal-pelvic disproportion and water loss were the most common reasons for transfer, 15% each. Most pregnancies were completed (73.1%). The delivery was eutocic in 55.2% of cases. The tearing of the soft tissues was the most encountered complication (7.5%). Most newborns (83.6%) had not received neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room. One case of maternal death was registered?(1.5%), and two cases of neonatal deaths were noted (3%).?Conclusion:?Teenage pregnancy is a risk factor for childbirth. The most important risk is presented by a caesarean section following a bony pelvic dystocia and the tearing of the soft tissues during eutocic delivery. Educating young people about family planning remains important to prevent early pregnancies and thus promote girls’ schooling.

Teenage pregnancy and implications on child survival amongst mothers attending a clinic in the East-End, Freetown, Sierra Leone

Introduction: Every year it is estimated that about 14 million adolescent girls give birth globally with the highest rate (143 per 1000 girls aged 15 - 19 years) in the sub-Saharan Africa. Babies born to adolescent mothers are at greater risk and are far more likely to die than those born to older women. This study therefore sets out to describe the health care seeking behaviors in a cohort of teenage mothers attending an Under-Five Clinic in a densely populated section of Freetown, Sierra Leone with a view of determining the impact of their behavior on the survival of their children. Methodology: This is a descriptively cross sectional and prospective study that involved four hundred and six mothers attending the Under-Five Clinic in the Eastern end of Freetown using semiclosed ended questionnaire which were interviewers administered between 1st and 29th July 2011. Result: The age of the study population ranged between 12 and 45 years, with a mean of 24.8 ± 6.3 years. Of the four hundred and six, eighty nine (21%) were teenagers (less than 20 years) with a majority (60.6%) of them being between 18 and 19 years old. Concerning the 89 teenage mothers in the study population, the majority (95.5%) did not possess the secondary school education, 42.7% were petty traders and more than a half of them (61.8%) were married. The mothers were rated low in all the activities geared towards child survival except immunization. In addition there was a delay in the initiation of complementary feeds which were also of poor quality. Fewer percentages of the mothers who had antenatal care in the hospitals delivered there. Conclusion: This study has revealed that early marriage is still common in Sierra Leone. Also the teenage mothers did not engage fully in a majority of activities that have been proven to contribute to the survival of babies in the Tropics thereby making their children vulnerable to malnutrition, measles and diarrhoeal diseases. It was recommended that the country should use recognised teenage programs aimed at urgently addressing a reduction in teenage pregnancy especially by improving the provision of education/vocational studies for the girl child.

Emergency Cesarean Section for Teenagers at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YOTH), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Frequency, Indications, Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis

Objective: To study emergency cesarean section in teenagers with the goal of reducing morbidity and maternal-fetal mortality. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective collection of data on 248 cases collected from July 1st to December 31st, 2016. Results: The incidence of cesarean section in teenagers was 56.4%. The average age was 18 ± 0.4 years old. The vast majority were primiparous (92.7%). The main indications for emergency Caesarean section were: pre-eclampsia and its complications (20.2%), acute fetal distress (18.5), pre-rupture syndrome (14.1%) and bone dystocia (11.7%). The maternal mortality rate was 1.6% and perinatal mortality was 134 per 1000 live births. Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high at Yalgado OUéDRAOGO Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Postoperative complications are sometimes serious and compromise the maternal and fetal outcome. There is a need for increased surveillance of all pregnant and recently delivered women to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in teenagers.