Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

比较替比夫定与阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效

目的评价替比夫定与阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法 35例患者,随机分为替比夫定组16例和阿德福韦酯组19例。比较两组患者在治疗的不同时间阶段即第4、8、12、24、48、72周时HBV-DNA水平对数值下降幅度及第12、24、48、72周时HBV-DNA转阴、ALT复常、HBeAg血清转换、完全应答率、总有效率和病毒反弹率。结果两组患者性别、年龄、基线HBV-DNA水平和ALT水平差异均无统计学意义,资料具有可比性(P>0.05)。与基线相比,治疗4、8、12、24周时替比夫定组患者的HBV-DNA下降值均优于阿德福韦酯组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12、24、48、72周的不同时间阶段HBeAg血清转换率、HBV-DNA转阴率及ALT复常率替比夫定组与阿德福韦酯组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总有效率在治疗12、24周替比夫定组与阿德福韦酯组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗48、72周时两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组病毒反弹率、安全性及耐受性均相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论替比夫定较阿德福韦酯具有更显著的HBV-DNA抑制作用,第4、8、12、24周的不同时间阶段抗病毒疗效尤为明显。在治疗第48、72周时两组HBV-DNA转阴率、HBeAg血清转换率、ALT复常率、完全应答率和总有效率相似,两组病毒学反弹率均较低,均具有良好的安全性和耐受性。

替比夫定治疗e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎早期阶段病毒学载量对疗效的预测分析

目的:评价替比夫定治疗e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎早期阶段病毒学载量对疗效的影响。方法:研究16例HBeAg阳性成人慢性乙型肝炎患者,按治疗52周时的HBV DNA载量分为HBV DNA<3log10 copies/ml和HBV DNA≥3log10 copies/ml两组,比较两组在治疗第4、8、12、24周时HBV DNA载量对52周结果的影响及两组患者76周的结果。结果:①在性别和年龄、基线HBV DNA水平和ALT水平上,两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);②52周HBV DNA<3log10 copies/ml组HBV DNA的降低幅度在治疗第4、8、12、24周均大于对应组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③HBV DNA在治疗4周<5log10 copies/ml组、8周<4log10copies/ml组、12周<4log10copies/ml组、24周<3log10 copies/ml组,分别与各对应组比较,除第4周组在52周时HBeAg血清学转换率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其他对52周结果的影响体现在ALT复常率高、HBeAg血清学转换好、HBV DNA转阴率理想,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);④52周HBV DNA<3log10 copies/ml组与对应组比较,治疗76周的结果显示,前者仍保持较高的ALT复常率、较理想的HBeAg血清学转换和较佳的HBV DNA转阴率,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:替比夫定治疗e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎早期阶段不同病毒学载量对未来疗效有预测作用,即HBV DNA在4周<5log10 copies/ml、8周<4log10copies/ml、12周<4log10copies/ml、24周<3log10copies/ml者,52周或之后可能达到较理想的疗效。

替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA和HBeAg的动态变化及意义

目的:探讨替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者时血清HBV DNA,HBeAg动态变化及其意义。方法:选择2008年1月至2008年12月在我院门诊或住院的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者56例,所有患者均给予素比夫治疗6个月。治疗过程中分别留取基线、1个月、3个月、6个月的血清,检测HBV DNA载量、HBeAg滴度。结果:HBV DNA在不同时间转阴的3组患者,1个月、3个月、6个月时HBeAg滴度逐渐降低,组内差异有统计学意义。HBeAg转阴和未转阴组HBV DNA均随治疗时间延长而下降。结论:HBeAg转阴的患者,HBV DNA可维持阴性;HBeAg未转阴的患者,应延长疗程,使HBV DNA载量逐渐下降。

替比夫定与拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清抗原蛋白影响的对照研究

目的:观察和比较替比夫定、拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效以及对血清乙肝抗原蛋白水平的影响。方法:采用1∶1随机、对照设计。共入组慢性乙型肝炎患者100例,随机分为替比夫定组50例,拉米夫定组50例;对照观察两组临床疗效及不良反应;并动态监测患者血清HBsAg、HBeAg水平的变化。结果:治疗1年时,替比夫定组患者血清HBV DNA PCR法检测不到的比率、ALT复常率均较拉米夫定组稍高,但无统计学意义;HBeAg阴转率及血清学转化率以及病毒突破率分别为34%、28%和8%,均优于拉米夫定组的16%、12%和22%,差异均有显著性意义(P分别为0.0377、0.0455和0.0498)。两组患者治疗后血清抗原蛋白HBsAg及HBeAg水平均有不同程度的下降,但替比夫定组患者治疗1个月时,血清HBsAg和HBeAg水平较基线下降分别为(30.2±16.1)S/N和(80.8±12.9)S/CO,均高于拉米夫定组的(7.8±12.4)S/N和(10.9±27.9)S/CO,差异有统计学意义;至治疗12个月时,其降幅差异更为明显,分别达到(146.7±32.5)S/N和(202.3±62.8)S/CO及(68.4±39.5)S/N和(90.4±52.8)S/CO,差异有非常显著的统计学意义;替比夫定不良反应轻微,与拉米夫定类似。结论:替比夫定较拉米夫定具有更强地抑制HBV DNA复制能力以及较少的耐药率和病毒反跳率;同时替比夫定能更强地抑制病毒抗原蛋白的表达,可能与较高的HBeAg血清学转换率有关。

代偿期乙肝肝硬化通过恩替卡韦联合替比夫定治疗的疗效分析

目的：探讨代偿期乙肝肝硬化通过恩替卡韦联合替比夫定治疗的疗效。方法：研究我院2014 年6 月—2015 年12月收治的80 例代偿期乙肝肝硬化患者，分为对照组和观察组各40 例，其中对照组运用常规治疗，观察组运用恩替卡韦联合替比夫定治疗，分析两组患者治疗效果差异。结果：在治疗4～48 周，观察组HBV-DNA 转阴率显著高于对照组，两组差异具有统计学意义，P＜0.05；在治疗后肝功能、Child-Pugh 评分和纤维化指标上，观察组改善幅度要高于对照组，两组差异具有统计学意义，P＜0.05；治疗前后A/G、HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C 上，观察组改善幅度均高于对照组，两组差异具有统计学意义，P＜0.05；在治疗总有效率上，观察组为95.0%，对照组为82.5%，两组差异具有统计学意义，P＜0.05。结论：代偿期乙肝肝硬化通过恩替卡韦联合替比夫定治疗可以有效提升治疗疗效，改善各相关功能指标，适用于临床广泛推广。

滋肾清肝饮联合替比夫定治疗肝肾阴虚型慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的:观察滋肾清肝饮联合替比夫定治疗肝肾阴虚型慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)临床疗效。方法:60例CHB患者随机分为治疗组(滋肾清肝饮联合替比夫定治疗)和对照组(替比夫定治疗)各30例。观察治疗24周后患者临床证候、生化学指标、免疫学指标、病原学指标等改善情况。结果:治疗24周时总有效率,治疗组为70.00%,对照组为53.33%,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。在改善中医证候、生化学指标、免疫学指标、抗病毒应答率方面治疗组明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在HBV DNA转阴率、HBeAg转阴率、HBeAg/HBeAb转换率方面,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:滋肾清肝饮联合替比夫定治疗肝肾阴虚型CHB,可有效改善患者中医证候、调节免疫、恢复肝功能、提高抗病毒应答率。

替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎52周不同时期疗效分析

目的:评价替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎52周不同时期疗效。方法:采用替比夫定每日600mg一次口服治疗82例慢性乙型肝炎患者52周,对治疗前,治疗后4周、12周、24周、36周、48周、52周时HBV DNA检测不到率、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)复常率、HBeAg阴转率及血清转换率进行比较。结果:与治疗前相比,替比夫定治疗4周后HBV DNA检测不到率、ALT复常率明显升高,治疗12周后HBeAg阴转率、治疗36周后HBeAg血清转换率明显升高,52周分别达95.12%、95.12%、56.1%、32.93%,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效好,有一定时效关系。

六味五灵片联合替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化疗效分析

目的:观察六味五灵片联合替比夫定(LdT)治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法:将120例CHB肝纤维化患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组(64例)患者口服六味五灵片和LdT,对照组(56例)患者单用LdT,疗程均为24周。比较两组患者治疗前后的临床症状、肝功能及肝纤维化指标变化情况。结果:治疗24周后,观察组患者ALT、AST、TBil分别为(25.4±16.3)U/L、(28.4±15.9)U/L、(22.8±10.7)μmol/L,均明显低于对照组(44.7±19.6)U/L、(40.1±17.1)U/L、(35.2±11.5)μmol/L,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者肝纤维化指标均显著下降,且观察组下降幅度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:六味五灵片联合LdT能够明显改善CHB肝纤维化患者的肝功能,促进HBV DNA转阴,同时还能显著降低患者的血清肝纤维化指标,提高临床疗效。