Transient thermal behavior of radial fins of rectangular,triangular and hyperbolic profiles with temperature-dependent properties using DTM-FDM

This work focuses on transient thermal behavior of radial fins of rectangular,triangular and hyperbolic profiles with temperature-dependent properties.A hybrid numerical algorithm which combines differential transformation(DTM) and finite difference(FDM) methods is utilized to theoretically study the present problem.DTM and FDM are applied to the time and space domains of the problem,respectively.The accuracy of this method solution is checked against the numerical solution.Then,the effects of some applicable parameters were studied comparatively.Since a broad range of governing parameters are investigated,the results could be useful in a number of industrial and engineering applications.

Elevated-temperature mechanical properties and thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag heat-resistant alloy

The elevated-temperature mechanical properties and thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag heat-resistant alloy were studied by tensile test, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. The results show that with the increase of Ag content, the tensile strength and yield strength increase, which is attributed to the increase of the precipitations number and the decrease of the size. The same conclusions are drawn in the study of increasing Mg content. The alloy possesses excellent thermal stability. At 100-150 °C, the strength of the under-aged alloy increases at the initial stage, and after reaching the peak strength, it remains the same. The secondary precipitation of the under-aged alloy occurs in the process of exposure at 150℃, and it distributes diffusely after thermal exposed for 20 h. Then, the tensile strength decreases gradually with increasing the thermal exposure time at 200-250 °C. The strength of the peak-aged alloy decreases gradually, and the precipitation grows up, but the number decreases gradually with prolonging the exposure time at 100-250 °C. The strength of two kinds of alloys decreases with elevating of exposure temperature.

Direct incorporation of paraffin wax as phase change material into mass concrete for temperature control: mechanical and thermal properties

Taking advantage of heat absorbing and releasing capability of phase change material(PCM),Paraffin wax-based concrete was prepared to assess its automatic temperature control performance.The mechanical properties of PCM concrete with eight different Paraffin wax contents were tested by the cube compression test and four-point bending test.The more Paraffin wax incorporated,the greater loss of the compressive strength and bending strength.Based on the mechanical results,four contents of Paraffin wax were chosen for studying PCM concrete's thermal properties,including thermal conductivity,thermal diffusivity,specific heat capacity,thermal expansion coefficient and adiabatic temperature rise.When the Paraffin wax content increases from 10%to 20%,the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity decrease from 7.31 kJ/(m·h·°C)to 7.10 kJ/(m·h·°C)and from 3.03×10−3 m2/h to 2.44×10−3 m2/h,respectively.Meanwhile the specific heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient rise from 5.38×10−1 kJ/(kg·°C)to 5.76×10−1 kJ/(kg·°C)and from 9.63×10−6/°C to 14.02×10−6/°C,respectively.The adiabatic temperature rise is found to decrease with an increasing Paraffin wax content.Considering both the mechanical and thermal properties,15%of Paraffin wax was elected for the mass concrete model test,and the model test results confirm the effect of Paraffin wax in automatic mass concrete temperature control.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES ON TEMPERATURE RESPONSE AND OPTIMUM DESIGN OF C/M FGMS UNDER THERMAL CYCLIC LOADING

The influence of temperature-dependent properties on temperature response and optimum design of newly developed ceramic-metal functionally graded materials under cyclic thermal loading and high temperature gradient environment is studied. The thermal conductivity of the material is considered to be dependent on the temperature. In this paper, the temperature response of the material is calculated using a nonlinear finite element method. Emphasis is placed on the influence of temperatue-dependent properties on the thermal response and insulation property of the material render the different graded compositional distributions and different heat flux magnitudes. Through the analysis, it is suggested that the influence of temperature-dependent properties can not be neglected in the temperature response analysis and the optimum design process of the material must be based on the temperature-dependent temperature analysis theory.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES ON THERMAL STRESSES RESPONSE AND OPTIMUM DESIGN OF C/M FGMS UNDER THERMAL CYCLIC LOADING

The influence of temperature-dependent properties on thermal stresses response and optimum design of newly developed ceramic-metal functionally graded materials under cyclic thermal loaning and high temperature gradient environment is studied. The thermal conductivity of material is considered to be dependent on the temperature. In this paper, the thermal stresses response of the material is calculated rising a nonlinear finite element method. Emphasis is placed on the influence of temperature-dependent properties on the thermal stresses response characteristics, the thermal stresses relaxation property and the thermal stresses history under the different graded compositional distributions and different heat flux magnitudes. Through tile analysis. it is suggested that the influence of temperature-dependent properties can not be neglected In the thermal stresses response analysis and the optimum design process of the material must be based on the temperature-dependent thermo-elastic-plastic theory.

Effects of Composition and Thermal Cycle on Transformation Behaviors,Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of CuAlAg Alloy

The phase transformation behavior, mechanical properties, and the thermal stability of CuAlAg alloy were studied and minor rare earth (0.1 wt pct La+Ce) was added to improve the mechanical property of the studied alloy. It was found that Ag addition in the CuAl binary alloy can improve the stability of martensitic transformation and high Al content leads to the disappearing of martensitic transformation. The tensile strength and strain of the Cu-10.6AI-5.8Ag (wt pct) alloy were measured to be 383.5 MPa and 0.86%, respectively. With rare earth addition, the tensile strain increased from 0.86% to 1.47%. The CuAlAg alloy did not exhibit martensitic transformation on the second heating process. Its poor thermal stability still needs to be improved.

Effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 mandrel steel

Optical microscope, stereomicroscope, scanning electronic microscope （SEM） and mechanical property testing were used to research the effects of different quenching temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the H13 mandrel steel. The results indicate that following an increase in the quenching ,the degree of alloying is enhanced due to the carbides dissolving gradually in austenite, which improves the hardenability of the specimens, as well as their room and high-temperature strength. At the same time, the fracture toughness increases due to the increment of the martensite number and the interparticle distance of impact toughness. Optimal performance Consequently,the service life of the H13 the carbides. However, extremely coarse grain and martensite can decrease the can be obtained after quenching at 1 060℃ and double tempering at 620℃mandrel steel is extended significantly.

Influence of cooling speed on the physical and mechanical properties of granite in geothermal-related engineering

In deep-earth engineering,the high earth temperature can significantly affect the rock's mechanical properties,especially when the rock is cooled during the construction process.Accordingly,whether the cooling speed affects the mechanical and physical properties of rocks is worth to be investigated.The present study explored the influence of the cooling rate on the physical and chemical properties of granite heated at 25–800°C.The mechanical and physical properties involved in this study included uniaxial compression strength,peak strain,modulus,P-wave velocity,mass and volume,the change of which could reflect the sensitivity of granite to the cooling rate.Acoustic emission(AE)monitoring,microscopic observation,and X-ray diffraction(XRD)are used to analyze the underlying damage mechanism.It is found that more AE signals and large-scale cracks are accounted for based on the b-value method when the specimens are cooled by water.Furthermore,the microscopic observation by polarized light microscopy indicates that the density,opening degree,and connectivity of the cracks under water cooling mode are higher than that under natural cooling mode.In addition,the XRD illustrates that there is no obvious change in mineral content and diffraction angle at different temperatures,which confirms that the change of mechanical properties is not related to the chemical properties.The present conclusion can provide a perspective to assess the damage caused by different cooling methods to hot rocks.

Effects of mechanical boundary conditions on thermal shock resistance of ultra-high temperature ceramics

The effects of mechanical boundary conditions, often encountered in thermalstructural engineering, on the thermal shock resistance（TSR） of ultra-high temperature ceramics（UHTCs） are studied by investigating the TSR of a UHTC plate with various types of constraints under the first, second, and third type of thermal boundary conditions. The TSR of UHTCs is strongly dependent on the heat transfer modes and severity of the thermal environments. Constraining the displacement of the lower surface in the thickness direction can significantly decrease the TSR of the UHTC plate, which is subject to the thermal shock at the upper surface. In contrast, the TSR of the UHTC plate with simply supported edges or clamped edges around the lower surface is much better.

HIGH-TEMPERATURE CHARACTERIZATION OF SELFREINFORCED Si_3N_4 WITH ADDITIVES Y_2O_3 AND La_2O_3

High-temperature strength and fracture toughness,oxidation behavior ,and thermal shock of the SR Si3N4 with Y2O3 and La2O3 as complex additives are investigated. The research results show that the strength does not decrease until 1400℃; the fracture toughness, while, increases with temperature rising and presents peak value at 1350℃. The oxidation behavior obeys parabolic law, and the oxidation procedure is mainly controlled by diffusion of additive ions. The high oxidation resistance of this material is primary due to the presence of refractory Y3+ and La3+at intergranular glass phase. The thermal shock experiments show that the damage of strength is far larger than that of fracture toughness.

莫来石纤维增强氧化物多孔陶瓷及其性能研究

以不同规格的粉煤灰漂珠、长石粉和铝矾土粉为主要原料,引入莫来石纤维为增强相,研究莫来石纤维含量对多孔陶瓷材料性能的影响规律及作用机理。结果表明:高温下长石粉中的低熔相能够降低材料的共晶熔点,将基质间的物理界面结合转变为化学结合。样品经1100℃烧成后,随着莫来石纤维含量的增加,多孔陶瓷的闭口气孔率增加,而常温耐压强度和体积密度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当莫来石纤维含量为10 wt.%时,材料具有最佳综合性能,其体积密度为(0.74±0.01)g·cm^(−3)、真气孔率为(72.70±0.58)%,常温下耐压强度为(7.30±0.64)MPa。此外,试样在300℃、600℃及900℃下的平均热导率分别为0.202 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)、0.214 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)及0.244 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)。

Development of Ti-Al-Ta-Nb-(Re)near-αhigh temperature titanium alloy:Microstructure,thermal stability and mechanical properties

Mechanical properties and microstructural stability under the service temperature are important to the high temperature titanium alloy.In order to evaluate the potential in increase the service temperature of Ti alloy,two near-αTi alloys with high content of Al asα-stabilizer and Ta,Nb and/or Re asβ-stabilizers were designed and prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical processing,and the microstructure and mechanical properties before and after thermal exposure at 650℃ for 100 h were characterized.The results indicated that due to the weakβ-stabilizing ability of Ta and Nb elements,only a small amount ofβphase was formed in Ti-10Al-4Ta-2Nb alloy.With a trace Re addition,theβphase was obviously increased in Ti-10Al-4Ta-2Nb-0.25Re,indicating that the Re was a strongβ-stabilizer.Under the same thermomechanical conditions,the Re addition decreased the volume fraction of primaryα(α_(p))phase and refined the secondaryα(α_(s))phase evidently.The primaryαphase presented an obvious core-shell structure in the Ti-10Al-4Ta-2Nb alloy,with higher Al concentration in the shell.While the core-shell structure was not obvious in the Re-containing alloy due to the Re decreases the diffusion of Al,Ta and Nb elements.A large number of orderedα_(2)precipitates can be observed in theα_(p)andα_(s) phases of two alloys.Theα_(2)precipitates continuously grew up during thermal exposure,however,their growth rate in theα_(s)phase of Re-containing alloy were lower than that of Ti-10Al-4Ta-2Nb alloy.Although plenty of orderedα_(2)precipitates formed in the Ti-10Al-4Ta-2Nb alloy,the alloy had a certain plasticity at room temperature.The trace Re addition evidently increased the tensile strength but caused the decrease of the plasticity.After thermal exposure,the strength was further increased,while the plasticity was decreased for both of alloys.

基于工程化设备通过调控纺丝温度提高中间相沥青炭纤维力学和导热性能

基于工程化设备,在恒定挤出量条件下,通过调控纺丝温度制备了中间相沥青炭纤维(MPCFs),探究纺丝温度对MPCFs微观结构、力学和导热性能的影响。结果表明:随着纺丝温度由309升高至320℃,MPCFs的微观结构由石墨片层细小的褶皱劈裂辐射状结构逐步向石墨片层粗大的劈裂辐射状结构转变,拉伸强度由2.16增大到3.23 GPa,热导率由704升高到1078 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)。这主要是因为纺丝温度越高,沥青熔体黏度越小,喷丝口处挤出胀大效应越弱,沥青熔体在喷丝孔流道内形成的微晶取向得以保持,以此制备的炭纤维具有更大的晶体尺寸和更高的微晶取向。

不同冷却模式下高温花岗岩力学特性演变规律试验研究

【目的】探索相同高温状态下花岗岩在不同冷却模式(20℃水中热冲击冷却和20℃空气中自然冷却)下不同的力学特性。【方法】采用实验室自研热冲击破裂实验平台,对两种冷却模式下不同温度状态(25~600℃)花岗岩进行单轴抗压、巴西劈裂、变角剪切试验,测试其单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、内聚力、内摩擦角宏观力学参数,研究不同冷却模式下高温花岗岩力学特性的演变规律。【结果】结果表明:1)冷却模式对单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、内聚力的影响较大,对内摩擦角几乎无影响;2)相同高温状态下花岗岩力学强度在20℃水中热冲击冷却劣化更严重,且300℃为两种冷却模式出现差异的阈值温度;3)当加热温度为600℃时,热冲击冷却后花岗岩的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗剪强度(内聚力)与自然冷却模式下相比分别降低了27.6%、51.7%、33%,这说明冷却模式对花岗岩力学强度影响从大到小依次为抗拉强度、抗剪强度、抗压强度。【结论】研究结果可为相同工况下高温岩石力学工程岩体稳定性分析提供了一定的参考。

2D-C/SiC复合材料的面内剪切本构模型

为了表征2D-C/SiC复合材料的面内剪切行为,考虑基体开裂、界面脱粘、纤维桥连弯曲等损伤机制,提出宏细观两尺度下的含损伤体元模型;引入热失配应力的影响,在分别表征卸载弹性应变和残余应变的基础上,建立材料的温度相关面内剪切本构模型。开展室温单调加载和加卸载面内剪切实验,发现残余应变和弹性应变均随剪应力的增大逐渐增大,而卸载模量随剪应力的增大持续减小。将模型用于2D-C/SiC复合材料剪切行为的模拟,结果表明:模型对于弹性应变、残余应变、卸载模量和整体应力-应变曲线的预测值均与实验数据吻合,验证了分析模型的合理性与准确性;在此基础上,给出2D-C/SiC复合材料在不同温度下的面内剪切应力-应变关系曲线,为热结构设计提供参考。

对流-导热耦合作用下保温层对寒区水工隧洞衬砌结构力学特性的影响

以新疆布伦口水电站引水隧洞为例,考虑对流-导热作用,通过现场监测成果和有限元仿真计算,分析引水隧洞在不同位置铺设不同厚度的保温层对衬砌结构热-力耦合特性的影响。结果表明,表面铺设时,保温层厚度与衬砌的冻胀力呈负相关,且当厚度在0.06 m以上时,二次衬砌的冻胀力变为压应力;保温层厚度与衬砌的横向位移呈正相关,与纵向位移呈负相关。夹层铺设时,保温层厚度与二次衬砌的冻胀力呈正相关,与一次衬砌的冻胀力呈负相关;随着保温层厚度的增加,二次衬砌的最大主应力变为拉应力,不利于二次衬砌的安全稳定;随着保温层厚度的增加,一次、二次衬砌的横向位移差值增大近4倍,纵向位移差值增大10倍以上。

玻纤含量对汽车用玻纤增强尼龙复合材料性能的影响

为了研究玻璃纤维(GF)含量对玻璃纤维增强尼龙66(PA66)复合材料(GF/PA66)的物理机械性能、耐热性、常温和低温状态下的冲击性能的影响,采用同向双螺杆挤出和注塑成型工艺制备了不同含量的GF/PA66复合材料,通过灰分、力学性能测试、热变形温度测试等手段对GF/PA66复合材料进行考察。研究结果表明:在试验范围内,GF/PA66复合材料的物理机械性能随着GF含量的增加改善明显,当GF在复合材料中添加的比例为50%时,相比于纯PA66树脂材料,GF/PA66复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度和冲击强度性能都提高显著,分别提高了229%,445%,227%和338%;当GF质量含量达到25%时,GF/PA66复合材料的热变形温度高达240℃,相比于纯PA66树脂材料,热变形温度提高了269%。本研究为GF/PA66复合材料作为工程塑料,在汽车发动机进气管、中冷管、罩盖以及汽车转向系统传感器罩盖、底盘系统用壳体等相关零部件领域实现广泛应用,提供了重要的数据支持。

相变调温墙板热工性能试验和数值模拟研究

为解决墙体能量供给在时间和空间上的矛盾,进一步提高建筑舒适性,本文结合相变材料和水泥材料的优点,将相变微胶囊(Micro-PCM)掺入到水泥胶凝材料中得到相变砂浆,并将其粉刷在墙板表面形成相变砂浆层,采用白炽灯加热来模拟建筑围护结构外表面的太阳辐射,研究相变调温墙板在太阳辐射下的热工性能,并采用COMSOL软件对相变调温墙板的热工性能进行数值模拟。结果表明:随着Micro-PCM掺量的增大,相变调温墙板的储热性能增大,以普通墙板为基准,当Micro-PCM掺量为40%(体积分数)时,相变调温墙板的温度比基准墙板峰值降低了5.166℃,峰值温度出现时间延迟了145 min,峰值温度波幅降低了4.509℃,峰值传热量降低了22.202 W/m^(2)。当相变砂布置在加气混凝土砌块墙体内侧时,峰温度波幅降低了2.38℃,最高瞬时传热降低了1.61 W/m^(2),相变砂浆的储热性能最好,具有一定的力学强度,可以应用于围护结构表面发挥其控温作用。

水冷均匀性对TMCP态Q500qE桥梁钢板性能的影响及其改进措施

以TMCP工艺生产的Q500qE高性能桥梁钢为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、拉伸及冲击试验等,研究了终冷温度对钢板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着终冷温度从600℃降至430℃,钢板粒状贝氏体含量减少,板条贝氏体含量增加,大角度晶界比例从28.5%提高至35.7%,M/A岛体积分数从5.8%降至1.2%,板条贝氏体尺寸从0.82μm减小至0.22μm;钢板屈服强度从478 MPa提高至627 MPa,抗拉强度从679 MPa提高至745 MPa,断后伸长率从23.0%降至16.5%,屈强比从0.70升至0.87,-40℃冲击吸收能量均值从115 J提高至305 J。同时,基于热成像仪分析,将钢板典型的终冷温度不均划分为头尾过冷、边部过冷、局部高温和波浪状温度分布4类,并针对性提出了头尾遮蔽工艺、水凸度、水冷集管维护以及板形控制等改进措施,可将Q500qE钢板终冷温度波动控制在80℃以内,钢板头、中、尾的抗拉强度波动控制在35 MPa以内。

高温下掺再生骨料及纤维混凝土物理力学性能研究

目前关于可再生纤维混凝土的性能研究较为充分,但对其高温处理后性能变化认识不足。为此,针对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)、50%粗骨料替代超高性能混凝土(50%R-UHPC)以及50%粗骨料替代-1.0%钢纤维超高性能混凝土(50%R-1.0%S-UHPC)进行高温处理(200℃、400℃、600℃、800℃),研究高温对它们力学性能(单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗弯强度等)、抗渗性能以及导热性能的影响,并建立了各项性能指标与孔隙率之间的经验预测模型。研究结果表明:再生粗骨料的添加会弱化UHPC的力学性能、抗渗性能和导热性能,导致抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗弯强度降低,提高UHPC的孔隙率和渗透率;钢纤维的添加会提升UHPC力学性能和导热性能,但会弱化UHPC的抗渗性能。高温处理后UHPC的力学性能、抗渗性能和导热性能会逐渐减弱,并呈现出明显的温度门槛值效应,即400℃之前UHPC力学性能、抗渗性能和导热性能的弱化效应不明显,一旦超过温度门槛值后它们会迅速减弱;对于UHPC和50%R-UHPC来说,随着处理温度的升高,它们的力学性能和导热性能之间的差距会逐渐减小。