Temperature independent 80 Gb/s transmission system using spectral phase modulation-based TDC

A temperature independent 80-Gb/s 100-km transmission system is demonstrated with the use of spectral phase modulation-based tunable dispersion compensator （TDC）. The principle of dispersion compensation based on spectral phase modulation as well as the relationship between spectral phase modulation function and group velocity dispersion （GVD） are theoretically studied. TDC based on spectral phase modulation is implemented. The performance of 80-Gb/s transmission system is experimentally evaluated. The non- linear relationship between temperature and temperature-induced dispersion fluctuations is demonstrated through the asymmetric temperature-induced power penalty without dispersion compensation. With respect to the low temperature area, the temperature-induced dispersion fluctuations are smaller than those in the high temperature area. By using the proposed TDC, temperature independent 80-Gb/s transmission is successfully demonstrated under a temperature range of -20 60 ℃ with a power penalty of less than 0.8 dB.

Internal field study of 21700 battery based on long-life embedded wireless temperature sensor

The safety of lithium-ion batteries is an essential concern where instant and accurate temperature sensing is critical.It is generally desired to put sensors inside batteries for instant sensing.However,the transmission of internal measurement outside batteries without interfering their normal state is a non-trivial task due to the harsh electrochemical environment,the particular packaging structures and the intrinsic electromagnetic shielding problems of batteries.In this work,a novel in-situ temperature sensing framework is proposed by incorporating temperature sensors with a novel signal transmission solution.The signal transmission solution uses a self-designed integrated-circuit which modulates the internal measurements outside battery via its positive pole without package breaking.Extensive experimental results validate the noninterference properties of the proposed framework.Our proposed in-situ temperature measurement by the self-designed signal modulation solution has a promising potential for in-situ battery health monitoring and thus promoting the development of smart batteries.

Precipitate Phases in an 11% Cr Ferritic/Martensitic Steel with Tempering and Creep Conditions

Precipitates in an 11% Cr ferritic/martensitic steel containing Nd with tempering and creep conditions were investigated using transmission electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The precipitates in the steel with a tempering condition were identified to be Cr-rich M23C6 carbide, Nb-rich/V-rich/Ta–Nb-rich MX carbides, Nbrich MX carbonitride, and Fe-rich M5C2 carbide. Nd-rich carbonitride, which is not known to have been reported previously in steels, was also detected in the steel after tempering. Most of the Nb-rich MX precipitates were dissolved, whereas the amount of Ta-rich MX precipitates was increased significantly in the steel after a creep test at 600 °C at an applied stress of180 MPa for 1,100 h. No Fe2 W Laves phase has been detected in the steel after tempering.（Fe, Cr）2W Laves phase with a relatively large size was observed in the steel after the creep test.