Templating Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of SrAl_2O_4∶Eu, Dy Phosphor Derived from A Mesoporous Precursor

Long-lasting SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor was successfully prepared from a mesoporous precursor. The precursor was synthesized by templating method using nonionic Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as surfactants, which was proved by TG-DTG, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The analysis results indicated that regular cylindrical-to-hexagonal shaped pores with several nanometers were obtained. The structure and morphology of the SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor by templating method was characterized by XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that a pure SrAl2O4 phase formed at 900 ℃ by templating method. The SEM morphologies of the obtained phosphors prepared by templating synthesis were uniform and porous multicrystalline with average diameter size of 5 μm. The broad-band UV-excited SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor derived from a mosoporous precursor was observed at λmax=515 nm due to the transitions from the 4f65d1 to the 4f7 configurations of Eu2+ ion. The main excitation and emission intensity of the phosphor with this method were stronger than that obtained by solid state reaction method. And the obtained long-lasting phosphor with this method revealed a better afterglow compared to the phosphor prepared through solid state reaction method.

Templated synthesis of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts.TMPs have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic materials.Templated synthesis routes are often responsible for such morphologies.This paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is presented.The discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble template.OER catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their morphology.Finally,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.

THE SYNTHESIS OF ZSM-35 WITH A NEW KIND OF TEMPLATING AGENT

The present paper covers the synthesis of ZSM-35 molecular sieve with 1,6-hexanediamine as templating agent,the influence of the synthesis conditions, and a discussion concerning the crystal structures of the products.

POROUS MEMBRANE TEMPLATED SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER PILLARED LAYER

The anodic porous alumina membranes with a definite pore diameter and aspect ratio were used as templates tosynthesize polymer pillared layer structures. The pillared polymer was produced in the template membrane pores, and thelayer on the template surfaces. Rigid cured epoxy resin, polystyrene and soft hydrogel were chosen to confirm themethodology. The pillars were in the form of either tubes or fibers, which were controlled by the alumina membrane pore surface wettability. The structural features were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy results.

Synthesis and Structure of Ag(I)- Containing Coordination Polymers Based on Quaternary Ammonium Template Reagent

A novel coordination polymer [(C8H20N)(Ag2I3)]n ([C8H20N]+ = tetraethyl ammo- nium (TEA)) was synthesized by the reaction of AgI and C8H20NI at room temperature with pH = 6.5, and structurally characterized by means of X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 7.3323(9), b = 18.250(2), c =12.5294(15) ?, C6.33H16.16NAg2I3, Mr = 702.76, V = 1676.6(4) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.784 g/cm3, F(000) = 1256.6, μ(MoKα) = 7.828 mm-1, the final R = 0.0529 and wR = 0.1586 for 1189 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray analysis shows that the [Ag2I3]n- chain is built up by AgI4 tetrahedron and in combination with quaternary ammonium cations ([C8H20N]+) by static attractive forces to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.

Synthesis and Structure of A Novel Quasi-Two Dimensional Organic-inorganic Hybrid Coordination Polymer:{[Cu(en)_2][Ag_2I_4]}_n

A novel coordination polymer {[Cu（en）2][Ag2I4]}, （en = ethylenediamine） was synthesized by the reaction of NaAgI2 and Cu（en）2（NO3）2·2H2O at room temperature with pH = 6.0, and the structure was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/m, with a=10.646（2）, b = 13.304（3）, c = 6.8445（14） ,A°, β = 118.95（3）°, C4H16N4CuAg2I4, Mr = 907.10, V= 848.3（4） A°^3, Z= 2, Dc = 3.551 g/cm^3, F（000） = 806, μ（MoKa） = 10.787 mm^-1, the final R1 = 0.0256 and wR2 = 0.0654 for 900 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. According to structural analysis, the title compound consists of template cation [Cu（en）2]^2＋ and inorganic chain [Ag2I4]n^2-. The polymeric negative chain [Ag2I4]n^2- is built up from pairs of AgI4 tetrahedron by sharing one edge. Through N-H…I hydrogen-bonding interactions, the whole structure represents a quasi-two dimensional arrangement. Electrostatic attraction exists between organic cations and inorganic chains, leading to a so-called organic-inorganic hybrid structure.

Structures and Properties of PEDOT Nanotubes Prepared by a Template Synthesis Method

PEDOT nanotubes were prepared by a template synthesis method. Based on our template, it was deduced that there are two successive processes in the formation of nanotubes. The first step is soakage of the porous templates by a polymer solution, and the second step is adsorption of free charged cationic groups and doped PEDOT onto the template surface with negative charges. XRD results showed that well orientated PEDOT chains were formed during the synthesis, moreover the arrange conductivity of molecular chains strongly affect the structures of PEDOT nanotubes. The nanotubes were measured to be about 5.5-17.6 S/cm, which is higher than that of nanotube pellet due to the high contact resistance between the adjacent nanotubes.

Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of Complex [(CH_3)_3NCH_2CH_2N(CH_3)_3][HgI_4]·H_2O Containing Novel Cation

The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of HgI2 and [(CH3)3- NCH2CH2N(CH3)3]I2 with pH = 7.5 at room temperature, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 8.3075(8), b =15.8084(19), c =15.390(2) ?, β = 95.192(4)o, V = 2012.9(4) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 2.824 g/cm3, F(000) = 1502, C14H39N4O2Hg2I8, Mr = 1711.87, μ(MoKα) = 13.768 mm-1, the final R = 0.0465 and wR = 0.1293 for 3046 observed reflections with I > 2σ (I). The title compound consists of cations ([C8H22N2]2+) and anion (HgI4 ), which are combined by static 2- attracting forces to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.

Synthesis of ZSM-35 Using Hexamethyleneimine as a Template

Zeolite ZSM-35 was synthesized using hexamethyleneimine as an organic template and its crystallographic structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Its adsorption property was also evaluated.

Synthesis,Characterization and DFT Calculation of a New Silver(I) Iodid Templated by Conjugated Cation:(ipq)_4Ag_4I_8

A silver iodide, （ipq）4Ag418 1, has been synthesized in the presence of ipq （ipq = N-（isopentyl）-quinolinium） acting as a structure-directing reagent （SDA）. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PT, with a = 9.850（2）, b = 11.564（2）, c = 16.111（3） ,A ,α = 104.64（3）, β = 105.73（3）, γ = 94.37（3）o, V= 1688.3（7） A^3, Z = 2, D,= 2.205 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1042, C28H33Ag2l4N2, Mr= 1120.90, μ（MoKa） = 4.836 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0363 and wR = 0.0761 for 5465 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ（I）. 1 consists of uncoordinated structure-directing molecule and inorganic moiety tuned by organic SDA. Tetrameric Ag4I8^4- anion in 1 is composed of edgesharing AgI4 tetrahedra and AgI3 planar triangles. Electrostatic interaction between organic counter cations and inorgan!c moieties is present and contributes to the crystal packing. 1 was further characterized with IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and cyclic voltammetry. Based on the crystal structure data, quantum chemical calculation with DFr method was used to reveal the electronic structure and optical property of 1.

Emulsion‐templated synthesis of 3D evaporators for efficient solar steam generation

Interfacial solar steam generation holds great promise in water desalination thanks to its high energy efficiency by heating only the top layer of water for evaporation.While three‐dimensional(3D)evaporators have been proven to increase the evaporation rate by harnessing the energy from the surroundings,further development is still required in terms of convenient fabrication with potential scalability.Herein,we propose to overcome this challenge by using a high internal phase emulsion(HIPE)to template the synthesis of 3D hierarchically porous evaporators.The HIPE‐templated synthesis combined with a molding process can efficiently fabricate the desired 3D shape without wasting any materials and generate a hierarchically porous internal structure for continuous water supply.Engineering the overall shape and internal pores produces a 3D evaporator that can suppress conduction heat loss and efficiently collect thermal energy from its surroundings,boosting the evaporation rate to 2.82 kg/(m2 h)under 1‐sun illumination,which is significantly higher than conventional 2D evaporators.HIPE‐templating synthesis is an easy but effective way to produce various porous polymers,promising for a wide range of applications where easy production,excellent shape control,and potential scalability are critical.

Nanohollow Carbon for Rechargeable Batteries:Ongoing Progresses and Challenges

Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.

Reaction characteristics investigation of CeO_(2)-enhanced CaSO_(4) oxygen carrier with lignite

Calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))has been verified as a promising oxygen carrier(OC)in the chemical looping combustion(CLC)for its high oxygen capacity,abundant reserve and low cost,but its low reactivity and deleterious sulfur species emission from the side reactions of CaSO_(4) should be well considered for its wide application in CLC.In order to promote the reactivity of CaSO_(4) and increase its potential to inhibit the gaseous sulfur emission,a CeO_(2)-enhanced CaSO_(4) OC mixed OC of core–shell structure was prepared using the combined template synthesis method.Reaction characteristics of the prepared CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC with a typical lignite was first conducted and systematically investigated,and an improved reactivity of the prepared CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC was demonstrated than its single component CaSO_(4) or CeO_(2) due to the fast transfer and exchange of oxygen from the CaSO_(4) substrate to coal via the doped CeO_(2).Furthermore,the solid products formed from the mixed CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) OC with the selected coal were collected and analyzed.Especially,evolution and redistribution of the sulfur species of different forms were focused.At the latter reaction stage of YN reaction with the CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC,the SO_(2) emitted from the side reactions of CaSO_(4) was greatly diminished and the doped CeO_(2) was proven effective to directionally fix the SO_(2) released to turn into different solid sulfur compounds,which were determined as Ce_(2)O_(2)S,Ce_(2)S_(3) and Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)·5H_(2)O and formed through the different pathways.In addition,good regeneration of the reduced CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC could be reached in spite of the unavoidable interaction between the included minerals in coal and the reduced mixed OC.Overall,the combined template method-made CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC reported herein was not only endowed with enhanced reactivity for coal conversion,but also owned the potential to directionally fix the gaseous sulfur emission,which is quite applicable as OC for simultaneous decarbonatization and desulfurization in the real CLC process.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two New Organically Templated Borates:[(C_2H_(10)N_2)]2[B_(14)O_(20)(OH)_6] and [C_8H_(22)N_4][B_5O_6(OH)_4]_2

Two new nonmetal borates, [（C2H10N2）]2[B14O20（OH）6] 1 and [C8H22N4][B5O6（OH）4]2 2, have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Crystal data for compound 1： triclinic, space group P^-1, a = 8.4979（17）, b = 8.8498（18）, c = 10.065（2）A^°, α = 95.01（3）, β = 96.99（3）, γ = 116.82（3）°, V= 661.8（3）A^°^3, Z= 1, Mr = 697.63, Dc = 1.751 g/cm^3,μ = 0.163 mm^-1, F（000） = 356, the final R = 0.0372 and wR = 0.0968 （I 〉 2σ（I））; and those for compound 2： monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 9.1867（18）, b= 14.118（3）, c = 10.334（2）A^°, β = 91.48（3）°, V = 1339.8（5）A^°^3, Z = 2, Mr = 610.46, Dc = 1.513 g/cm^3,μ = 0.135 mm^-1, F（000） = 632, the final R = 0.0350 and wR = 0.0912 （I 〉 2σ（I））. For both 1 and 2, the anionic units are interlinked via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular network, while the protonated cations are located in the free space of the inorganic borate framework and interact with the anions by electrostatic attraction and extensive N-H…O hydrogen bonds.

High-value Applications of Nanocellulose

Nanocelluloses, obtained from the biopolymer cellulose, are a class of renewable functional nanomaterials with excellent properties and a broad range of applications. This review mainly illustrates practical and advanced applications of nanocellulose-based materials in the following categories.(1) Fire-resistant materials: in the section on these types of materials, the fireprotection property of nanocellulose/clay hybrid composites(clay nanopaper) is illustrated; oriented montmorillonite(MTM) provides barrier properties and low thermal conductivity whereas cellulose nanofibers(CNFs) impart favorable charring.(2) Thermal insulation materials: the best way to obtain materials with good heat insulation performance is to decrease the thermal conductivity of such materials.(3) Template materials: nanocellulose can direct the deposition and patterning of materials to form nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes with improved properties.

Templated synthesis of patterned gold nanoparticle assemblies for highly sensitive and reliable SERS substrates

Formation of plasmonic structure in closely packed assemblies of metallic nanoparticles(NPs)is essential for various applications in sensing,renewable energy,authentication,catalysis,and metamaterials.Herein,a surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate is fabricated for trace detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and stability.The SERS substrate is constructed from a simple yet robust strategy through in situ growth patterned assemblies of Au NPs based on a polymer brush templated synthesis strategy.Benefiting from the dense and uniform distribution of Au NPs,the resulting Au plasmonic nanostructure demonstrates a very strong SERS effect,while the outer polymer brush could restrict the excessive growth of Au NPs and the patterned design could achieve uniform distribution of Au NPs.As results,an ultra-low limit of detection(LOD)of 10^(−15)M,which has never been successfully detected in other work,is determined for 4-acetamidothiophenol(4-AMTP)molecules and the Raman signals in the random region show good signal homogeneity with a low relative standard deviation(RSD)of 7.2%,indicating great sensitivity and reliability as a SERS substrate.The LOD values of such Au plasmonic nanostructures for methylene blue,thiram,and R6G molecules can also reach as low as 10^(−10)M,further indicating that the substrate has a wide range of applicability for SERS detection.With the help of finite difference time domain simulations(FDTD)calculation,the electric field distribution of the Au plasmonic nanostructures is simulated,which quantitatively matches the experimental observations.Moreover,the Au plasmonic nanostructures show good shelf stability for at least 10 months of storage in an ambient environment,indicating potentials for practical applications.

Templated synthesis of imine-based covalent organic framework hollow nanospheres for stable potassium-ion batteries

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), as highly tunable porous crystalline materials, have promising applications in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) due to their abundant charge carrier transport channels and excellent structural stability. However, the excessive stacking of interlayer electron clouds makes it difficult to expose internal active sites. Strategies to design functional COFs with controllable morphology and copious active sites are promising but still challenging. Herein, by utilizing the condensation between1,3,5-triformylbenzene(TFB) and p-phenylenediamine(PPD) and using amino-modified SiO_(2) nanospheres as templates, we synthesize core-shell NH_(2)-SiO_(2)@TP-COF. Through NaOH etching of NH_(2)-SiO_(2)@TP-COF, we obtain imine-based TP-COF hollow nanospheres, which shows excellent potassium storage performance when applied to the anode for PIBs. Ex-situ analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that C=N groups and benzenes are active sites for K^(+) storage.

Molecular Dynamics and Preparation of HO-PAMAM-2.5G Protected Lanthanum Cluster

HO-PAMAM-2. 5 G-protected lanthanum cluster was studied by Virtual Molecule （VM） software. Molecular dynamics （MD） simulation of the nanocomposite system was performed from the viewpoints of molecular structure and energy＇s fluctuation in NVT system. The motivation of this work was to understand the stability and mechanism of the nanocomposite in different proportion. simulation results reveal that The molecular dynamics when the quantity of La in per HO-PAMAM-2.5G amounted to 0 - 60, the radius of gyration of HO-PAMAM-2.5/La nanocomposite is obviously decreased.

Self-assembly and Crystal Structure of a Novel Inorganic-organic Hybrid Coordination: {(C_(12)H_(14)N_2)[Ag_2I_4]}_n

A novel coordination polymer {(C12H14N2)[Ag2I4]}n ([C12H14N2]2+ = N,N-1,2- ethyl-dipyridinium (EDP)) was synthesized by the reaction of AgI with EDP (pH = 6.5) at room temperature and structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 7.278(2), b = 23.658(2), c = 12.038(2) , b = 98.25, V = 2051.3(7) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.945 g/cm3, F(000) = 1624, C12H14Ag2I4N2, Mr = 909.59, m(MoKa) = 7.922 mm-1, the final R = 0.0321 and wR = 0.0615 for 3079 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The title compound consists of cations ([C12H14N2]2+) and anion chain (Ag2I42-) which are combined by static attracting forces in the crystal.

Introduction of Manganese Oxide into Carbon Nanotubes for the Potential Applications as a Contrast Medium

Manganese compound with evident toxicity is widely employed as the contrast medium for clinicalexaminations such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In the present work,a feasible way with the applica-tion of vacuum impregnation and rotary evaporation was proposed to introduce manganese chloride hydrate intothe inner cavities of template - synthesized carbon nanotubes(CNTs),and then a process of alkali treatmentwas used to liberate the loaded CNTs from the template.It is notable that the alkali attack in the presence ofresidual oxygen also resulted in a series of changes in chemical compositions of guest substances,and the ulti-mate compound of manganese was found to be manganese oxide(Mn3O4) by X-ray diffraction and transmissionelectron microscopy.Determinations of energy dispersive spectrum under scanning electron microscopy showeda high-content filling(more than 50 wt%) of Mn3O4 in the loaded CNTs.This work developed a feasible andconvenient way for the encapsulation of guest substances to reduce bio-toxic effects.