Optimizing the Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)protein concentration in cotton:Coordinated application of exogenous amino acids and EDTA to reduce spatiotemporal variability in boll and leaf toxins

During the boll formation stage,cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)insecticidal proteins.Resistance to insects varies notably among different organs,which poses challenges for controlling cotton bollworms.Consequently,an experimental strategy was designed in the 2020-2021 cotton growing season to coordinate the enhancement of protein synthesis and the attenuation of degradation.Two Bt cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum,namely the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1,were used as test materials.Three treatments were applied at the peak flowering period:CK(the control),T1(amino acids),and T2(amino acids and EDTA).The results show that,in comparison to the CK group,the Bt protein contents were significantly increased in both cotton bolls and their subtending leaves under the T1 and T2 treatments.The maximum levels of increase observed were 67.5%in cotton bolls and 21.7%in leaves.Moreover,the disparity in Bt protein content between cotton bolls and their subtending leaves notably decreased by 31.2%.Correlation analysis suggested that the primary physiological mechanisms for augmenting Bt protein content involve increased protein synthesis and reduced protein catabolism,which are independent of Bt gene expression levels.Stepwise regression and path analysis revealed that elevating the soluble protein content and transaminase activity,while reducing the catabolic enzyme activities,are instrumental in enhancing the Bt protein content.Consequently,the coordinated application of amino acids and EDTA emerges as a strategy that can improve the overall resistance of Bt cotton and mitigate the spatiotemporal variations in Bt toxin concentrations in both cotton bolls and leaves.

基于BP神经网络与BOLL通道的结构监测数据识别修复

通过BOLL通道法巧妙地引入第三方数据,与原始数据互相验证分析,以此构建上下轨线,求取偏离值得到改进型BOLL通道法进行相关的非均匀温度场异常温度识别过滤,再结合IDW算法验证对非均匀温度场缺失温度数据的补全效果,并且基于BP神经网络模型提出两种应力修复方法,对应力监测数据进行修复,然后对修复效果进行研究,验证方法的实用价值.研究结果表明:改进型BOLL通道法在处理非均匀温度场方面具有独特的区域自适应性,在去除异常温度数据的同时较好保留了非均匀温度场研究的突变温度细节;IDW算法综合考虑了测点温度的非均匀性,对于温度场缺失温度数据的补全具有较好效果;同时基于BP神经网络构建温度相关性、多测点相关性的应力修复方法,对非均匀温度场监测中的应力数据进行修复,其结果具有相当的可靠度.

Tempo-spatial rupture process of the 1997Mani, Xizang(Tibet), China earthquake of Ms=7.9

An earthquake of Ms=7.4 occurred in Mani, Xizang (Tibet), China on November 8, 1997. The moment tensor ofthis earthquake was inverted using the long period body wave form data from China Digital Seismograph Network(CDSN). The apparent source time functions (AS TFs) were retrieved from P and S waves, respectively, using thedeconvolution technique in frequency domain, and the tempo-spatial rupture process on the fault plane was imagedby inverting the azimuth dependent AS TFs from different stations. The result of the moment tensor inversionindicates that the P and T axes of earthquake-generating stress field were nearly horizontal, with the P axis in theNNE direction (29), the T axis in the SEE direction (122) and that the NEE-SWW striking nodal plane andNNW-SSE striking nodal plane are mainly left-lateral and right-lateral strike-slip, respectively; that this earthquakehad a scalar seismic moment of 3.4xl02o N. .m, and a moment magnitude of Mw=7.6. Taking the aftershock distribution into account, we proposed that the earthquake rupture occurred in the fault plane with the strike of 250,the dip of 88 and the rake of 19. On the basis of the result of the moment tensor inversion, the theoretical seismograms were synthesized, and then the AS T Fs were retrieved by deconvoving the synthetic seismograms fromthe observed seismograms. The A S T Fs retrieved from the P and S waves of different stations identically suggestedthat this earthquake was of a simple time history, whose ASTF can be approximated with a sine function with thehalf period of about 10 s. Inverting the azimuth dependent A S T Fs from P and S waveforms led to the imageshowing the tempo-spatial distribution of the rupture on the fault plane. From the 'remembering' snap-shots, therupture initiated at the western end of the fault, and then propagated eastward and downward, indicating an overallunilateral rupture. However, the slip distribution is non-uniform, being made up of three sub-areas, one in thewestern end, about 10 km deep ('western area'), another about 55 kin away from the western end and about 35 Iondeep ('eastern area'), the third about 30 km away from the western end and around 40 km deep ('central area').The total rupture area was around 70 km long and 60 km wide. From the 'forgetting' snap-shots, the rupturingappeared quite complex, with the slip occurring in different position at different time, and the earthquake being ofthe characteristics of 'healing pulse'. Another point we have to stress is that the locations in which the ruptureinitiated and terminated were not where the main rupture took place. Eventually, the static slip distribution wascalculated, and the largest slip values of the three sub-areas were 956 cm, 743 cm and 1 060 cm, for the western.eastern and central areas, respectively. From the slip distribution, the rupture mainly distributed in the fault about70 km eastern to the epicenter; from the aftershock distribution. however, the aftershocks were very sparse in thewest to the epicenter while densely clustered in the east to the epicenter It indicated that the Maul Ms=7.9 earthquake was resulted from the nearly eastward extension of the NEE-SWW to nearly E-W striking fault in thenorthwestern Tibetan plateau.

基于BOLL通道法的结构监测数据识别处理方法

在大跨度空间结构非均匀温度场的监测数据处理中常常需要处理温度数据,但是传统的温度识别处理方法在处理非均匀温度场数据时过于粗糙,无法较好地保留温度场的数据细节。因此通过BOLL通道(Bollinger bands)法巧妙引入第三方数据与原始数据构建上下轨线,求取偏离值得到改进型BOLL通道法完成对非均匀温度场异常温度识别处理。同时与对比了移动平均线法和三西格玛准则在数据识别处理的优劣。研究结果表明:改进型BOLL通道法在识别处理非均匀温度场数据方面的最大优势在于具有独特的区域自适应性,在识别异常温度值的同时较好地保留非均匀温度场的突变温度细节,并且可以同时处理漂移温度数据和跳点温度数据。实际处理异常温度的精度优于移动平均线法和三西格玛准则,应用于非均匀温度场数据处理方面具有较大优势。

Enhancing boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion by the application of exogenous amino acids at the peak flowering stage increased the boll Bt toxin concentration and lint yield in cotton

In Bacillus thuringenesis(Bt) transgenic cotton, the cotton boll has the lowest insecticidal protein content when compared to the other organs. The present study investigated the effects of amino acid spray application at the peak flowering stage on the cotton boll Bt toxin concentration and yield formation. Boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion were also studied to reveal the fundamental mechanism. Three treatments(i.e., CK, the untreated control;LA1, five amino acids;LA2, 21 amino acids) were applied to two Bt cultivars of G. hirsutum(i.e., the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1) in the cotton-growing seasons during 2017 and 2018. Amino acid spray application at the peak flowering stage resulted in an increase of 5.2–16.4% in the boll Bt protein concentration and an increase of 5.5–11.3%in the seed cotton yield, but there was no difference between the two amino acid treatments. In addition, amino acid applications led to increases in the amino acid content, soluble protein content, glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT)activity, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) activity, glucose content, fructose content and soluble acid invertase(SAI) activity. This study also found that Bt protein content, enhanced boll number and the weight of opened bolls were closely related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The Bt protein content had significant linear positive correlations with amino acid and soluble protein contents. Enhanced boll number had significant linear positive correlations with the GPT and GOT activities from 15–25 days after flowering(DAF). The weight of opened bolls from 55–65 DAF had a significant linear positive correlation with the SAI activity. These results indicate that the enhancement of boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion by amino acid application resulted in a simultaneous increase in the boll Bt protein concentration and cotton lint yield.

基于BOLL技术指标的量化交易策略的优化方法研究

量化交易将计算机技术与金融业务逻辑深度融合,依托大量的金融业务数据和不断优化的数学模型,给决策者更高的参考价值。通过对BOLL指标的理论和实践进行探究,提出了一种优化BOLL指标的方法—结合其他技术指标,优化量化交易策略。为验证这一方法的有效性,采用实证研究的方法,对两种不同的交易策略进行了比较。研究结果表明,结合其他技术指标优化BOLL指标能够显著提高股票量化交易的收益率和稳定性。研究为投资者提供了一种新的思路和方法,帮助他们更好地进行量化交易。

花铃期干旱胁迫对陆地棉农艺性状的影响及其抗旱等级划分

为了探索花铃期干旱胁迫对不同棉花品种重要农艺性状的影响,并对品种进行等级划分,以前期鉴定的30份陆地棉品种进行试验,测定不同品种干旱胁迫组和对照组的农艺性状和品质指标等。通过含水量的差异性分析、农艺性状相关性分析、抗旱系数分析、3种综合评价值(D、CDC、WDC)相关性分析,证明3种评价值的评价结果一致。通过各性状与D值和WDC值的关联度分析,明确伸长率、单株产量、比强度和整齐度4个指标可作为品种抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。以D值进行聚类分析,对30份品种进行了抗旱等级分类,共分为4大类。第I大类,共有DG219、DG168、DG186等3份材料,属于强抗旱类别;第Ⅱ大类,共有DG270、DG228等12份材料,属于抗旱类别;第Ⅲ大类,仅有1份材料(DG248),属于较敏感类别;第Ⅳ大类,共有DG43、DG42等14份材料,属于敏旱类别。研究结果为品种的鉴定和利用提供了参考依据。

适宜氮肥和缩节胺配合施用显著提高棉花“四桃”种子的播种和营养品质

【目的】研究棉花“四桃”种子品质及其对氮肥和缩节胺(DPC)配合施用的响应,为高质量棉花种子高效生产提供科学依据。【方法】2015—2017年,在郑州市黄河滩区进行双因素裂区设计田间试验。主区为3个氮肥用量,即:不施氮肥(N0)、施用常量氮肥(N1,225 kg/hm^(2))和过量氮肥(N2,450 kg/hm^(2));副区为3个DPC用量,即:不喷施DPC(D0)、喷施常量DPC(D1,75 g/hm^(2))和过量DPC(D2,150 g/hm^(2))。测定了棉花“四桃”种子的播种品质(籽指、发芽势和发芽率)和营养品质(总蛋白、粗脂肪、总淀粉、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量)。【结果】“四桃”种子的播种品质和营养品质差异显著,伏桃和早秋桃的籽指以及发芽势和发芽率没有显著差异,二者均显著高于伏前桃和晚秋桃。伏桃和早秋桃的总蛋白和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于伏前桃和晚秋桃,但总淀粉和可溶性糖含量显著低于伏前桃和晚秋桃,“四桃”的粗脂肪含量差异不显著。施用氮肥与DPC均可显著提升“四桃”种子的发芽品质和营养品质。N1处理“四桃”种子的平均籽指与N2没有显著差异,发芽势和发芽率显著高于N2处理;N1处理的种子总蛋白、可溶性蛋白和粗脂肪平均含量显著高于N2处理,但总淀粉、可溶性糖显著低于N2处理。D1处理的种子平均籽指低于D2处理,平均发芽势和发芽率高于D2;D1处理的种子总蛋白、可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪平均含量高于D2,总淀粉、可溶性糖平均含量低于D2。在氮肥与DPC的9个用量组合中,N1D1组合的发芽势、总蛋白、可溶性蛋白和粗脂肪含量均最高,较其他8个处理组合分别增加了3.35%~40.86%、3.80%~43.01%、13.75%~54.86%和1.11%~13.48%。种子的发芽势和发芽率与总蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关,与总淀粉和可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关。【结论】在黄河流域棉区,棉花伏桃和早秋桃的种子质量明显优于伏前桃和晚秋桃。适宜氮肥与DPC用量组合可显著提高种子总蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量,降低总淀粉和可溶性糖含量,进而提升发芽势和发芽率。施用常量氮肥(225 kg/hm^(2))配合常量DPC(75 g/hm^(2)),并采收早秋桃和伏桃有利于提升棉花种子质量。

早熟陆地棉金垦1402脱叶效果的比较研究

[目的]针对早熟陆地棉品种金垦1402,研究棉花叶片形态学指标与药剂脱叶催熟效果的规律研究,为生产中提供脱叶催熟效果优良的早熟机采棉品种提供理论依据。[方法]分析金垦1402不同类型叶片脱叶规律及催熟效果,寻找影响该品种在脱叶剂作用下单株叶片脱落率的重要影响因素。[结果]金垦1402主茎叶、果枝叶、叶枝叶叶量均高于新陆早61号,但脱叶速度、脱叶率均高于新陆早61号,在药后21 d,脱叶效果优于新陆早61号;金垦1402药后单株吐絮铃数较新陆早61号多,且单株吐絮率高,优于新陆早61号;纤维品质指标达到“双31”以上,优于新陆早61号。[结论]金垦1402生育期119 d左右,在喷施脱叶剂后21 d,脱叶效果好,说明该品种属于对脱叶剂敏感型品种;该品种施药后,吐絮率高,纤维品质优。

海陆杂交长绒棉棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性分析

【目的】明确海陆杂交长绒棉的棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性,为选育高产海陆杂交长绒棉提供参考依据。【方法】以自主选育的抗虫陆地棉种质系为母本、生产上推广应用的新疆长绒海岛棉品种为父本,配制海陆杂交棉新组合,分析23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代的棉铃、纤维品质性状以及相关性。【结果】23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代单铃重变幅为3.7~5.0 g,单铃重超过4.2 g的组合有12个,变异系数为9.0%;衣分变幅为20.1%~36.7%,衣分超过30.0%的组合有5个,变异系数为10.7%。不同组合F1代纤维长度变幅为34.5~38.5 mm,纤维长度在35.0 mm以上的组合有22个,变异系数为2.6%;纤维比强度变幅为34.8~41.8 cN/tex,纤维比强度超过39.0 cN/tex的组合有9个,变异系数为5.3%;马克隆值变幅为2.8~4.2,马克隆值A级的组合有10个,变异系数为11.8%。海陆杂交棉的单铃重与不孕籽率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.683**)、与每囊粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.660**)、与每铃囊数呈显著正相关(r=0.495*);海陆杂交棉的纤维整齐度与纤维长度、纤维比强度呈极显著正相关(r=0.578**、r=0.639**),与伸长率呈显著正相关(r=0.506*);衣分与纤维长度呈显著负相关(r=-0.475*)。在23个海陆杂交棉组合中,W042×新海53号、W046×新海54号、W047×新海54号的棉铃性状与纤维品质性状已呈现同步改良。【结论】利用陆地棉与长绒海岛棉的杂交互补优势,可以实现长绒棉产量性状与纤维品质性状的同步改良。

乙烯利催熟对机采棉铃重和纤维品质的影响

催熟剂乙烯利的使用可实现机采棉提前吐絮和集中吐絮。本研究选择催熟剂敏感性和棉铃形态差异较大的18个棉花品种(材料),在棉铃发育不同阶段一次性喷施乙烯利,分析棉铃铃期缩短对棉花铃重和纤维品质的影响及其关系。结果表明,当棉铃铃期为47~69 d时,在棉铃铃龄40.5~49.7 d喷施乙烯利可使棉铃提前3.5~5.7 d吐絮。在乙烯利催熟下纤维完全发育成熟需64.1~69.7 d,棉籽则需54.8~60.5 d。棉铃吐絮时间提前1.5~6.2 d,铃重与纤维品质均降低的概率高达58.0%~76.5%。生产中可选择在棉铃铃龄34.8~44.1 d喷施乙烯利,此时棉株顶部棉铃铃重损失5%(损伤量<0.26g)、纤维品质损失1%(长度损伤量<0.28mm、断裂比强度损伤量<0.30cNtex–1),这是实现棉铃提前吐絮可接受的代价。此外,部分品种经催熟剂处理后棉铃铃期缩短但其铃重、纤维长度和断裂比强度均增加,此类情况的概率为9.5%~23.5%,说明部分机采棉品种适时使用乙烯利能够实现机采棉棉铃铃期缩短与提高铃重和纤维品质的协同。

增施铃肥对化学封顶棉花光合特性、秋桃发育及产量的影响

化学封顶会加快棉花衰老进程,造成棉花养分供应不足,影响顶部棉铃正常发育,导致棉花顶部不结铃、结铃少、铃质量低,最终影响产量。为解决该问题,以J206-5为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区设置2个铃期增施尿素处理[0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)和150 kg/hm^(2)(N1)],副区设置4种铃期叶面肥喷施处理[不喷施叶面肥(F0)和喷施1%硫酸钾(F1)、0.1%硼酸盐(F2)、0.3%磷酸二氢钾(F3)],共8个处理,探究化学封顶条件下增施铃肥对棉花光合能力、秋桃发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明,棉花功能叶SPAD值在增施铃肥后21 d达到峰值,所有处理中以N1F3处理SPAD值最高,较N0F0提高15.02%。增施铃肥后21 d,N0水平下F3、F1、F2处理净光合速率(Pn)分别较F0处理显著提高20.72%、17.71%和14.42%,N1水平下,F3、F1处理分别较F0处理显著提高20.00%、11.81%。增施铃肥处理的秋桃棉铃长度、体积均高于N0F0处理,其中除N0F2处理外,各处理秋桃棉铃长度均与N0F0处理差异显著。在同一氮肥水平下,F1—F3处理秋桃棉籽与纤维干质量均高于F0处理;N0水平下,F1与F3处理棉籽、纤维干质量分别较F0处理显著提高31.43%、25.53%与38.57%、35.46%;N1水平下,F1—F3处理棉籽干质量较F0处理显著提高32.92%、17.39%、37.89%,F1与F3处理的纤维干质量分别较F0处理提高23.81%与32.65%。增施铃肥各处理的秋桃单铃质量与籽棉产量均高于N0F0处理,其中N1F3处理秋桃单铃质量最大(6.18 g),较N0F0处理显著提高14.44%;除N0F2、N1F0、N1F2处理外,各处理籽棉产量均显著高于N0F0处理,其中N1F3处理籽棉产量最高,达7 273.35 kg/hm^(2),较N0F0处理显著提高30.20%。综上所述,基于棉花化学封顶且纯氮施用量为南疆常规水平300~375 kg/hm^(2)条件下,建议于棉花铃期增施尿素150kg/hm^(2)配合叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾,可提升棉花光合能力,利于秋桃生物量的积累,增加棉花秋桃数量及单铃质量,进而提高棉花产量。

滴灌棉花源库器官对化学打顶的响应特征

【目的】研究化学打顶对棉花光合特性及不同部位棉铃物质积累的影响和变化规律,为棉花优质高产提供基础。【方法】以新陆中70号和新陆中82号为材料,设置2种化学打顶药剂,人工打顶为对照。【结果】在喷施药剂10 d后,化学打顶处理的主茎功能叶净光合速率较人工打顶高,中上部叶片SPAD值化学打顶处理高于人工打顶处理,而新陆中82号下部叶片SPAD值表现为化学打顶低于人工打顶;新陆中70号积累量大于新陆中82号,但积累速率小于新陆中82号;化学打顶处理的全铃干物质积累表现为前2个花期促进后期棉铃的物质积累,2个品种分别是发育35和28 d后,而7月21日开花期促进是前期棉铃的物质积累,分别是发育28和21 d内;化学打顶处理的前2个开花期的增长特征值时间较人工打顶处理的有所推迟或增加,而7月21日开花期表现为化学打顶处理较人工打顶均有前移和增加,最大增长速率均表现为化学打顶处理大于人工打顶处理。【结论】化学打顶可以提高棉花主茎功能叶的光合作用,加速棉铃物质积累速率,有利于棉铃集中吐絮。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount on Growth Characteristics,Boll Development and Lint Yield of High Quality Cotton

[Objective] This study aimed to explore an optimum application amount of nitrogen for cotton cultivation. [Method] In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application amount on the growth characteristics, boll development and lint yield of high quality cotton line FZ-1. [Result] Compared with the nitrogen level of 225 kg/hm2, the lint yield had increased by 28.46% and 18.73%, respectively, with the nitrogen application amount of 300 and 375 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen application amount had increased from 225 to 300 kg/hm2, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint yield had significantly increased. At the nitrogen level of 375 kg/hm2, however, the effects of increasing lint yield were significantly less than that at the nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2. Compared with the nitrogen levels of 225 and 375, 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was the optimum application amount to improve the plant height, daily increment of plant height, number of fruit branches, number ratio of nodes to fruit branches, boll volume and seed cotton weight per boll. [Conclusion] The rational management of nitrogen is the most effective way to promote the growth and development of cotton plants, ensure high yielding ability and minimize the environmental pollution caused by the overuse of nitrogen. This study had provided a sound nitrogen application strategy for the cultivation of this high-quality cotton line in the field plantation.

亚磷酸钾复配不同外源物质对化学封顶棉花产量形成的影响

通过田间试验,探寻亚磷酸钾复配的最优搭配组合,为提高棉花产量和新疆棉花高产高效栽培技术的发展提供新思路和理论依据。试验于2022年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行,供试棉花品种为‘新陆中84号’,采用随机区组设计,以亚磷酸钾750 mL/hm^(2)为主,分别和6-苄氨基嘌呤12 mL/hm^(2)(PHO1)、14-羟基芸苔素甾醇150 mL/hm^(2)(PHO2)、萘乙酸0.18 mL/hm^(2)(PHO3)、吲哚乙酸0.18 g/hm^(2)(PHO4)和胺鲜酯20 g/hm^(2)(PHO5)进行复配,单施亚磷酸钾750 mL/hm^(2)(CK1)和清水(CK2)为对照,在化学封顶(7月5日)和封顶后7 d各喷施1次,分析各处理下棉铃时空分布、干物质积累与分配、光合特性和产量指标。结果表明:各处理均提高叶片光合速率,增加地上部干物质积累量,提高棉花单株结铃数和产量;其中PHO4和PHO5处理均可提高第1果节成铃率,从而增加单株结铃数,分别较对照单株结铃数增加3.09%~17.89%;PHO5处理较对照单铃质量提高1.35%,PHO4处理较对照籽棉产量提高15.76%~19.81%。因此,新疆地区化学封顶后推荐使用750 mL/hm^(2)亚磷酸钾复配0.18 g/hm^(2)吲哚乙酸(PHO4)或复配20 g/hm^(2)胺鲜酯(PHO5),以增加棉花单株结铃数,形成增产效果。

花铃期不同灌溉处理对棉花光合特性和产量的影响

【目的】揭示花铃期不同灌水下限对棉花叶片光合特征参数及产量的影响,为新疆北疆植棉区灌溉制度的优化提供参考。【方法】2023年在新疆昌吉开展大田试验,以中棉所125为供试品种,在花铃期设置3种灌水下限,分别为55%(T1)、60%(T2)和70%(T3)田间持水量,以当地常规的滴灌模式作为对照(CK),分析不同处理对花铃期土壤含水率、棉花叶片光合特性及产量性状的影响,并探究了光合指标与叶面温度和气象因子之间的相关关系和回归关系。【结果】花铃期T3处理的0~60 cm土层土壤含水率维持在相对较高且稳定的范围(18.5%~21.6%)。花铃前期(7月11日),T3处理的净光合速率日平均值最大,呈升-降-升-降的日变化趋势。相关分析表明,净光合速率、蒸腾速率均与0~60 cm土层土壤含水率、叶面温度、太阳辐射强度和环境温度呈显著正相关关系。T3处理的籽棉产量和灌溉水利用效率最高,分别较CK显著提高26.46%和71.43%。基于秩和比法的多目标综合评价表明,T3处理的综合效果最优。【结论】在水资源短缺的北疆膜下滴灌棉田,花铃期灌水下限、上限分别设置为70%、90%田间持水量可以实现节水且高产。

1961―2022年新疆棉花花铃期高温热害时空变化规律研究

【目的】高温热害是新疆棉花花铃期最主要的气象灾害,严重制约着棉花的安全生产。明确该地区高温热害的演变特征,为科学制定防灾减灾措施提供参考依据。【方法】基于新疆植棉区55个国家基本气象站1961―2022年日最高气温资料以及24个棉花气象观测站1991―2022年棉花开花期、吐絮期观测资料,结合棉花花铃期高温热害监测指标,利用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验等分析方法,揭示新疆棉花花铃期不同等级高温热害的时间和空间变化规律。【结果】1961―2022年新疆植棉区花铃期日最高气温、极端高温(日最高气温≥38.0℃)和极端高温累计日数呈极显著上升趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.16℃·(10 a)^(-1)、0.07℃·(10 a)^(-1)和0.45 d·(10 a)^(-1)。新疆各植棉区棉花花铃期高温热害发生的频率和强度均呈增加趋势。1961―2022年东疆亚区96.0%以上的年份发生了不同等级的花铃期高温热害,南疆亚区花铃期轻度和中度热害发生频率分别为88.7%和51.6%,北疆亚区花铃期轻度热害发生频率为64.5%。【结论】新疆植棉区花铃期高温热害发生的频率和强度呈现出“东强西弱,南多北少”的区域性特征。新疆植棉区应注重耐高温棉花品种的选育与应用推广,合理调整棉花种植布局,加强气象灾害监测与预警工作,保障新疆棉花生产安全稳定发展。

KD和BOLL指标对判断股价走势有效性分析

选取在上交所上市的30支股票样本的历史数据进行统计,对现今中国股票市场流行的两个技术指标(KD线和BOLL带)结合同期股价的实际走势加以分析,得出根据这两种指标判断所作的股价走势预测与实际股价走势相符的比例,探讨技术指标对判断股价走势的作用。

夏播短季栽培对棉花成铃时空分布特征及产量构成的影响

以10个不同基因型棉花品系为试验材料,采用株式图记载棉株各部位蕾铃发生、生长和脱落情况,以探明棉花在夏播短季栽培条件下的棉铃形成时空分布特征。结果表明:在时间分布上,现蕾高峰期为播种后第56天至第80天,开花高峰期为播种后第77天至第96天,成铃高峰期为播种后第85天至第101天,各品系生殖器官(蕾、花、铃)数量积累均有显著差异;在空间分布上,P56-3、07单12、07单6和07单7表现为中部成铃最多,其余品系则表现为下部成铃最多;P56-3、07单6和07单7成铃率分布表现“下部果枝内空形”;各品系产量结构有显著差异,品系2003-29单株铃数较其他品系高19.53%~119.55%,籽棉和皮棉产量较其余品系分别高21.82%~106.32%、22.46%~134.05%,在所有参试品系中表现突出,成铃分布均匀,脱落较少,单株成铃数和产量最高,适宜在夏播短季栽培模式下种植。棉花夏播短季栽培成铃主要集中在8月,不能用传统的“三桃”比例来衡量高产优质栽培的成铃结构。

不同拔柴时间对棉花产量和品质性状的影响

以杂交棉“瑞杂818”为材料,于2021—2022年在菏泽市农业科学院试验基地进行蒜套棉试验,研究不同拔柴时间(9月20日、9月25日、9月30日、10月5日和10月10日)对棉株不同部位铃的产量和品质的影响。结果表明:拔柴时间对棉株中下部铃重、衣分和籽棉产量影响不明显,而对上部铃影响较大,且拔柴时间越早影响越大。棉纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值随着拔柴时间的提前而降低,拔柴时间越早降低幅度越大。拔柴时间对棉株下部铃纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值影响不明显,而对中上部铃影响较大,相比10月10日拔柴,9月20日拔柴纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值分别降低11.91%、9.99%和14.29%。