Model checking multi-agent systems （MAS） always suffers from the state explosion problem. In this paper we focus on an abstraction technique which is one of the major methods for overcoming this problem. For a multi...Model checking multi-agent systems （MAS） always suffers from the state explosion problem. In this paper we focus on an abstraction technique which is one of the major methods for overcoming this problem. For a multi-agent system, we present a novel abstraction procedure which reduces the state space by collapsing the global states in the system. The abstraction is automatically computed according to the property to be verified. The resulting abstract system simulates the concrete system, while the universal temporal epistemic properties are preserved. Our abstraction is an over-approximation. If some universal temporal epistemic property is not satisfied, then we need to identify spurious counterexamples. We further show how to reduce complex counterexamples to simple structures, i.e., paths and loops, such that the counterexamples can be checked and the abstraction can be refined efficiently. Finally, we illustrate the abstraction technique with a card game.展开更多
In multiagent systems,agents usually do not have complete information of the whole system,which makes the analysis of such systems hard.The incompleteness of information is normally modelled by means of accessibility ...In multiagent systems,agents usually do not have complete information of the whole system,which makes the analysis of such systems hard.The incompleteness of information is normally modelled by means of accessibility relations,and the schedulers consistent with such relations are called uniform.In this paper,we consider probabilistic multiagent systems with accessibility relations and focus on the model checking problem with respect to the probabilistic epistemic temporal logic,which can specify both temporal and epistemic properties.However,the problem is undecidable in general.We show that it becomes decidable when restricted to memoryless uniform schedulers.Then,we present two algorithms for this case:one reduces the model checking problem into a mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP)problem,which can then be solved by Satisfiability Modulo Theories(SMT)solvers,and the other is an approximate algorithm based on the upper confidence bounds applied to trees(UCT)algorithm,which can return a result whenever queried.These algorithms have been implemented in an existing model checker and then validated on experiments.The experimental results show the efficiency and extendability of these algorithms,and the algorithm based on UCT outperforms the one based on MINLP in most cases.展开更多
文摘Model checking multi-agent systems （MAS） always suffers from the state explosion problem. In this paper we focus on an abstraction technique which is one of the major methods for overcoming this problem. For a multi-agent system, we present a novel abstraction procedure which reduces the state space by collapsing the global states in the system. The abstraction is automatically computed according to the property to be verified. The resulting abstract system simulates the concrete system, while the universal temporal epistemic properties are preserved. Our abstraction is an over-approximation. If some universal temporal epistemic property is not satisfied, then we need to identify spurious counterexamples. We further show how to reduce complex counterexamples to simple structures, i.e., paths and loops, such that the counterexamples can be checked and the abstraction can be refined efficiently. Finally, we illustrate the abstraction technique with a card game.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61836005the Australian Research Council under Grant Nos.DP220102059 and DP180100691。
文摘In multiagent systems,agents usually do not have complete information of the whole system,which makes the analysis of such systems hard.The incompleteness of information is normally modelled by means of accessibility relations,and the schedulers consistent with such relations are called uniform.In this paper,we consider probabilistic multiagent systems with accessibility relations and focus on the model checking problem with respect to the probabilistic epistemic temporal logic,which can specify both temporal and epistemic properties.However,the problem is undecidable in general.We show that it becomes decidable when restricted to memoryless uniform schedulers.Then,we present two algorithms for this case:one reduces the model checking problem into a mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP)problem,which can then be solved by Satisfiability Modulo Theories(SMT)solvers,and the other is an approximate algorithm based on the upper confidence bounds applied to trees(UCT)algorithm,which can return a result whenever queried.These algorithms have been implemented in an existing model checker and then validated on experiments.The experimental results show the efficiency and extendability of these algorithms,and the algorithm based on UCT outperforms the one based on MINLP in most cases.
