This study takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the place of case study and tourists as research objects. From the perspectives of geographical distribution of source tourist markets, Tourist activity behavio...This study takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the place of case study and tourists as research objects. From the perspectives of geographical distribution of source tourist markets, Tourist activity behavioral and spatial patterns of Tourists, this study looks into the geographical structure of the source tourists and spatial patterns by geography. The analysis of 341 questionnaires on tourists shows that:(1) The tourism cycle of Gannan is in the development phase, competing with adjacent Aba, and greatly impacted by the substitution effect and shadow effect of Aba.(2) The spatial distribution of tourist sources is concentrated, indicating that Gannan is a regional tourism destination. The temporal distance of tourists is mainly concentrated within the 6-hour traffi c circle.(3) Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has already become the composite tourist destination dominated by leisure vacation. The minority folkcustom and special landscape are the most attractive tourism resources. Due to the impact of man-land harmonious lifestyle in the tourist areas, the environmental attitude of tourists is improved, and the transportation and shopping are the most vulnerable links in tourism service in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.(4) The spatial behavior of tourists in Gannan is mainly of single-destination style(52%), Transit leg and circle tour style(7%) as well as circle tour style(41%). The spatial distribution of tourist fl ow in Gannan shows a signifi cant feature "more in the north, less in the south and dependent on National Road". Tourism resources, transport facilities, regional competition and lack of route connecting different ecological units are important causes of the spatial distribution of self-help tourists.展开更多
城市小汽车出行的时空特性是支撑城市交通规划设计与交通需求管理的重要基础。针对传统的以集计数据或抽样数据研究的局限性,本文基于车牌识别数据,全量感知车辆出行活动,分析城市中个体车辆的出行时空模式。首先,从数据中提取并分离车...城市小汽车出行的时空特性是支撑城市交通规划设计与交通需求管理的重要基础。针对传统的以集计数据或抽样数据研究的局限性,本文基于车牌识别数据,全量感知车辆出行活动,分析城市中个体车辆的出行时空模式。首先,从数据中提取并分离车辆出行链,获得小汽车出行的时间、空间、频率和拓扑特征,根据各时段停留点构造车辆出行活动序列。其次,融合兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)数据识别出行起讫点关联的土地利用特性作为停留点特征,在出行活动序列上应用k-modes聚类算法挖掘出常规通勤模式、特殊通勤模式、短时活动模式和外来办事模式这4类30种小汽车出行模式。最后,对每一类模式的群体规模、特征和典型出行行为进行详细地分析讨论。结果表明,95%的车辆出行活动可以用不多于3条边组成的简单拓扑结构表示,其中,约30%的车辆可构造出行活动序列,并用k-modes聚类算法有效分离出各类机动车全天出行的时空模式。工作日车辆出行主要表现为常规通勤模式,休息日则以短时活动模式为主。通过对个体车辆的微观行为分析,结合出行拓扑结构和出行活动序列进行出行模式的挖掘,能够全面地反映城市机动车出行的实际情况,为精细化机动车出行行为分析与管控策略制定提供理论支撑。展开更多
The Iranian concept of home goes far beyond physicat aspects, and its essence is interwoven with the spiritual nature of humankind. This concept has gained new meanings with the modernization and industrialization of ...The Iranian concept of home goes far beyond physicat aspects, and its essence is interwoven with the spiritual nature of humankind. This concept has gained new meanings with the modernization and industrialization of societies. In Iranian architecture, every need is realized in socio-physical systems as wetl as in design issues. Therefore, spatial retationships are centrat to architecture, especially residential architecture that addresses a great proportion of an individuat＇s dairy rife. Space syntax seeks to exptain how spatial configurations express social or cuttural meanings. One such meaning is confidentiatity, which was mainly introduced into Iranian architecture as a resutt of retigious betiefs. In Iranian architecture, confidentiality is viewed from the aspect of privacy. This study is a case study that makes use of description, anatysis, and logica[ reasoning. The objective is to analyze behavioral patterns in the spatiat configurations of traditional and modern houses in Hamedan. In so doing, library research, software simutation with the UCL Depthmap package, and comparison techniques are utilized. The findings indicate that the spatial configurations of houses have changed in the course of time. In terms of the indices of spatial configurations, however, the striking difference between traditionat and modern houses in Hamedan revolves around the integration and equivalence of aU spaces in a house. In other words, the hierarchy of access to spaces and the recognition of territories are limited in modern houses. Hence, privacy in modern houses fades.展开更多
This study investigated the categories of spatial characteristics of traditional houses in Anhui,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang provinces of China by applying syntactic theories and conducting a comparative analysis of their di...This study investigated the categories of spatial characteristics of traditional houses in Anhui,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang provinces of China by applying syntactic theories and conducting a comparative analysis of their different layout configurations.Six houses in the three provinces were selected as measurement samples,and statistical analysis of their spatial variables was conducted through SPSS 22.Results showed that the correlation of depth and integration in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu samples are negative,whereas the samples in Anhui show no correlation.These results further indicated that spaces with high rates of utilization in Zhejiang and Jiangsu dwellings are located at low depths in the spatial configurations,whereas the samples from Anhui show opposite findings.Different housing spatial structures reflect various habitation behavioral patterns in this area.Zhejiang and Jiangsu residents interact more closely with outside spaces in their daily lives,whereas Anhui residents have very limited interaction with outside spaces,thereby reflecting two different modes of living behavior,namely,extroversion and introversion.展开更多
茶毛虫产卵对茶丛生境有明显的选择习性,卵块主要分布在茶丛两侧,两侧区1代卵块分布数量明显高于2代。着卵部位调查表明,叶背、叶面及枝条着卵量分别占75.5％,16.3％及8.2％。茶丛高度与着卵高度有明显相关关系,确定20～60cm和61～100c...茶毛虫产卵对茶丛生境有明显的选择习性,卵块主要分布在茶丛两侧,两侧区1代卵块分布数量明显高于2代。着卵部位调查表明,叶背、叶面及枝条着卵量分别占75.5％,16.3％及8.2％。茶丛高度与着卵高度有明显相关关系,确定20～60cm和61～100cm两组茶丛高度与着卵高度直线回归方程。20～60cm,61～100cm,101～140cm着卵茶丛高度分别占调查株的29.3％,57.7％及13％。采用David and Moore(1954)和Lloyd(1967)两种方法,分别测定了11块茶园1,2代茶毛虫卵块空间分布图式。分析结果表明,多数茶园卵块呈均匀分布,少数田块为聚集分布。展开更多
文摘This study takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the place of case study and tourists as research objects. From the perspectives of geographical distribution of source tourist markets, Tourist activity behavioral and spatial patterns of Tourists, this study looks into the geographical structure of the source tourists and spatial patterns by geography. The analysis of 341 questionnaires on tourists shows that:(1) The tourism cycle of Gannan is in the development phase, competing with adjacent Aba, and greatly impacted by the substitution effect and shadow effect of Aba.(2) The spatial distribution of tourist sources is concentrated, indicating that Gannan is a regional tourism destination. The temporal distance of tourists is mainly concentrated within the 6-hour traffi c circle.(3) Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has already become the composite tourist destination dominated by leisure vacation. The minority folkcustom and special landscape are the most attractive tourism resources. Due to the impact of man-land harmonious lifestyle in the tourist areas, the environmental attitude of tourists is improved, and the transportation and shopping are the most vulnerable links in tourism service in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.(4) The spatial behavior of tourists in Gannan is mainly of single-destination style(52%), Transit leg and circle tour style(7%) as well as circle tour style(41%). The spatial distribution of tourist fl ow in Gannan shows a signifi cant feature "more in the north, less in the south and dependent on National Road". Tourism resources, transport facilities, regional competition and lack of route connecting different ecological units are important causes of the spatial distribution of self-help tourists.
文摘城市小汽车出行的时空特性是支撑城市交通规划设计与交通需求管理的重要基础。针对传统的以集计数据或抽样数据研究的局限性,本文基于车牌识别数据,全量感知车辆出行活动,分析城市中个体车辆的出行时空模式。首先,从数据中提取并分离车辆出行链,获得小汽车出行的时间、空间、频率和拓扑特征,根据各时段停留点构造车辆出行活动序列。其次,融合兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)数据识别出行起讫点关联的土地利用特性作为停留点特征,在出行活动序列上应用k-modes聚类算法挖掘出常规通勤模式、特殊通勤模式、短时活动模式和外来办事模式这4类30种小汽车出行模式。最后,对每一类模式的群体规模、特征和典型出行行为进行详细地分析讨论。结果表明,95%的车辆出行活动可以用不多于3条边组成的简单拓扑结构表示,其中,约30%的车辆可构造出行活动序列,并用k-modes聚类算法有效分离出各类机动车全天出行的时空模式。工作日车辆出行主要表现为常规通勤模式,休息日则以短时活动模式为主。通过对个体车辆的微观行为分析,结合出行拓扑结构和出行活动序列进行出行模式的挖掘,能够全面地反映城市机动车出行的实际情况,为精细化机动车出行行为分析与管控策略制定提供理论支撑。
文摘The Iranian concept of home goes far beyond physicat aspects, and its essence is interwoven with the spiritual nature of humankind. This concept has gained new meanings with the modernization and industrialization of societies. In Iranian architecture, every need is realized in socio-physical systems as wetl as in design issues. Therefore, spatial retationships are centrat to architecture, especially residential architecture that addresses a great proportion of an individuat＇s dairy rife. Space syntax seeks to exptain how spatial configurations express social or cuttural meanings. One such meaning is confidentiatity, which was mainly introduced into Iranian architecture as a resutt of retigious betiefs. In Iranian architecture, confidentiality is viewed from the aspect of privacy. This study is a case study that makes use of description, anatysis, and logica[ reasoning. The objective is to analyze behavioral patterns in the spatiat configurations of traditional and modern houses in Hamedan. In so doing, library research, software simutation with the UCL Depthmap package, and comparison techniques are utilized. The findings indicate that the spatial configurations of houses have changed in the course of time. In terms of the indices of spatial configurations, however, the striking difference between traditionat and modern houses in Hamedan revolves around the integration and equivalence of aU spaces in a house. In other words, the hierarchy of access to spaces and the recognition of territories are limited in modern houses. Hence, privacy in modern houses fades.
基金This research was supported by the funding from The National Social Science Fund of China(No.18CG197).
文摘This study investigated the categories of spatial characteristics of traditional houses in Anhui,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang provinces of China by applying syntactic theories and conducting a comparative analysis of their different layout configurations.Six houses in the three provinces were selected as measurement samples,and statistical analysis of their spatial variables was conducted through SPSS 22.Results showed that the correlation of depth and integration in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu samples are negative,whereas the samples in Anhui show no correlation.These results further indicated that spaces with high rates of utilization in Zhejiang and Jiangsu dwellings are located at low depths in the spatial configurations,whereas the samples from Anhui show opposite findings.Different housing spatial structures reflect various habitation behavioral patterns in this area.Zhejiang and Jiangsu residents interact more closely with outside spaces in their daily lives,whereas Anhui residents have very limited interaction with outside spaces,thereby reflecting two different modes of living behavior,namely,extroversion and introversion.
文摘茶毛虫产卵对茶丛生境有明显的选择习性,卵块主要分布在茶丛两侧,两侧区1代卵块分布数量明显高于2代。着卵部位调查表明,叶背、叶面及枝条着卵量分别占75.5％,16.3％及8.2％。茶丛高度与着卵高度有明显相关关系,确定20～60cm和61～100cm两组茶丛高度与着卵高度直线回归方程。20～60cm,61～100cm,101～140cm着卵茶丛高度分别占调查株的29.3％,57.7％及13％。采用David and Moore(1954)和Lloyd(1967)两种方法,分别测定了11块茶园1,2代茶毛虫卵块空间分布图式。分析结果表明,多数茶园卵块呈均匀分布,少数田块为聚集分布。
