Relationships between the Tensile Properties and Tenacity-extension Behaviour of Fibre-bundles

Fibre bundle testing is different from single-fibre measurement, not only in testing methods and instruments, but in the results obtained. For wool fibres, Sirolan-TENSOR can supply fibre-bundle tenacity (BS) and bundle extension (BE), but has some limitations on the analysis of the measured tensile curves of fibre bundles. It has not only raised new parameters,such as initial modulus (BM) and specific work of rupture (BW), as well as the specific work before or after the peak-point(WBP or WAP) and the ratios of WAP/WBP and WAP/BW, but also compared the tensile behaviour of different fibre-bundles, e.g. wool,polyester and viscose rayon fibre- bundles. The experimental results from 32 lots of wool tops show that there are correlations between bundle tensile properties,such as BS-BE, BS-BM, BS-BW, BE-BW and BM-BW.However, the variables of coefficients of variance (CV)are almost independent of each other and have no correlation with the average values of fibre bundle tensile parameters, except for BS-CVBM and CVBM-BW.

Nest site tenacity and mate fidelity in the Black-headed Gull(Chroicocephalus ridibundus)

Breeding philopatry is well known in the Black-headed Gull(Chroicocephalus ridibundus).Using a capture-markrecapture method,we studied if Black-headed Gulls show nest site tenacity and mate fidelity as well,and investigated if there are differences between a stable,and a newly established and fast-growing colony,as well as for differences between the center and edges of these colonies located in north-eastern Germany.We found a high level of nest site tenacity in the center of the stable colony on B?hmke Island,and lower degrees of nest site tenacity at the edge of the same colony and in the newly established and fast-growing colony on Riether Werder.Mate fidelity was very strong in all individuals which returned to their previous breeding place,regardless of the nest site location.

New Bounds on Tenacity of Graphs with Small Genus

A new lower bound on the tenacity ?of a graph G in terms of its connectivity and genus is obtained. The lower bound and interrelationship involving tenacity and other well-known graphical parameters are considered, and another formulation introduced from further bounds are derived.

Towards impact tenacity of academic institutions: A case study in Informetrics

Academic institutions are important subjects of discipline construction and knowledge production.It is crucial to study and evaluate the impact of institutions,and scientific evaluation is conducive to the development of academic institutions and the improvement of organizational efficiency.Most of the existing bibliometric indicators measure the impact of academic institutions from the perspective of citations(or variations).In this paper,we focus on a different side of their impact,namely tenacity.We conceptualize impact tenacity of academic institutions and define a series of indicators for operationalization.Besides,we implement correlation analysis and principal component analysis to explore whether the impact tenacity indicators and other bibliometric indicators are related and on the same dimension,taking informetrics as the representative discipline.We find that there was a significant negative correlation between the defined impact tenacity and number of papers,number of citations,and number of authors,and involved indicators(i.e.,impact tenacity and other involved bibliometric indicators)describe two almost orthogonal dimensions.Moreover,this paper also selects the Max Planck Society and Taiwan Applied Research Laboratories(China)as case studies,and reveals that low-tenacity and high-tenacity institutions have quite different characteristics.Based on these findings,we make some constructive suggestions for research policy makers,such as considering maintaining a high tenacity of institutions by supplementing more academic training.

Extreme Tenacity of Graphs with Given Order and Size

Computer or communication networks are so designed that they do not easily get disrupted under external attack and,moreover,these are easily reconstructible if they do get disrupted.These desirable properties of networks can be measured by various graph parameters,such as connectivity,toughness,scattering number,integrity,tenacity,rupture degree and edge-analogues of some of them.Among these parameters,the tenacity and rupture degree are two better ones to measure the stability of a network.In this paper,we consider two extremal problems on the tenacity of graphs:determine the minimum and maximum tenacity of graphs with given order and size.We give a complete solution to the first problem,while for the second one,it turns out that the problem is much more complicated than that of the minimum case.We determine the maximum tenacity of trees with given order and show the corresponding extremal graphs.The paper concludes with a discussion of a related problem on the edge vulnerability parameters of graphs.

The Mechanism of the Emergence of Nihilism from the View of Intentional Tenacity

This paper sets forth the reasons why Nietzsche thought nihilism to be inevitable from the perspective of the tenacity of the intentional.Through distinguishing two ordered intentional states—first-order and high-order—and two kinds of objects respectively,the paper illustrates that it is impossible to find a new ultimate value to replace Christian values when Nietzsche announced"the death of God."Inspired by Nietzsche's thoughts,.the paper concludes by briefly discussing the possibility of comparing Confucian and Nietzsche's ideas concerning nihilism.

EU’s safeguard duties on high tenacity yarn of polyesters set an alarming trend

The EU has imposed a provisional anti-dumping duty on high tenacity yarn of polyesters from China on Jun. 2. Overseas crisis-fighting measures such as anti-dumping action, are up sharply in recent years. Chinese suppliers have to live with a challenging production environment

Investigation into a practical approach and application of cotton fiber elongation

Background The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significantly improved through selec-tive breeding,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored,even though elongation contributes to determining the energy needed to break fibers.Recent developments to calibrate the high volume instrument(HVI)for elongation has renewed interest in elongation.However,it is not understood how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to add to the complexity of fiber selection.To explore a practical approach to applying elongation,cot-ton samples were tested using single fiber methods,the Stelometer,and the HVI.Comparison of strength,elongation,and combined properties such as modulus were explored.Results HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation differences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample variation.Fiber bundle testing,like Stelometer and HVI was shown to reduce bias due to fiber selection.Conclusion The use of secant modulus,an intrinsic material property,allowed for one value to represent both strength and elongation.Secant modulus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or work-to-break.Work-to-break was shown to be more influenced by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being tested.Exploring the influence of genetics and environment on elongation,and its interaction with other fiber properties,requires additional work.Secant modulus,by combining strength and elongation into one value,shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characteriza-tion without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.

Relationship between structure and function of mammalian vibrissa

The Structure of mammalian vibrissa was observed microscopically and the relationship of morphologyand function was discussed. The vibrissa is conical. The elasticity and tenacity of vibrissa are stronger than that ofpelage hair. The scales are shaped irregular on vibrissa shaft except for the root part, because of tractional damages. This type of scales is of great importance in preventing the vibrissa from being totally destroyed. Cortex ofvibrissa is observed very well developed, thus its elasticity and tenacity work well in touching and sensing. Medullaof vibrissa is not well developed because vibrissa has been evaluated to fail in warm-keeping function.

Modeling the Tensile Properties of Soybean Protein Yarns

The tensile properties of a series of soybean protein yarns are tested in USTER THINKPAID Ⅲ. A nonlinear viscoelastic model has been proposed to describe the tensile behavior of soybean protein yarns. The model is composed of a Maxwell element, a linear spring and a nonlinear spring. The tensile properties of soybean protein yam are analyzed. The stress-strain curves of the yams are fitted. The average breaking tenacity and specific work of rupture are calculated using the average breaking strain. Comparisons indicate that theoretical predictions conform the experimental results very well.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Properties of Polyester Filaments

Many properties of polyester filaments such as heat shrinkage, tenacity, elongation at break and etc. are greatly influenced by drawing, so post-drawing is important in downstream processing. As more and more profile fibers and multi-variance fibers used in textile industry, the properties of above two kinds of differential polyester filaments after drawing in different heat conditions were studied. Finally following conclusions were obtained: Firstly, the tenacity and elongation at break decreases with the rise of Tp. Secondly, the tenacity rises but the elongation at break decreases with the increase of Tb. Then, when the Tb is low, both the shrinkage in boiling water and hi hot air decreases with the rise of Tp, while, when the Tb is high, both the shrinkage rises with the rise of Tp. The last, both the shrinkage decreases with the rise of Tb.

Calibration of HVI cotton elongation measurements

Background:The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significant improvements in fiber strength have been made,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored,despite it contributing to the energy needed to break fibers,which affects fiber handling and processing.High Volume Instruments(HVI)measure fiber elongation but have not been calibrated for this property,making the measurement unavailable for comparative work among instruments.In prior work,a set of elongation calibration materials had been developed based on Stelometer results.A round trial of ten Australian and U.S.instruments was conducted on six cotton samples representing a range of 4.9%to 8.1%elongation.Results:By scaling the HVI elongation values of each instrument to the values of the two calibration samples,the coefficient of variation in instrument measurements was reduced from an average of 34%for the uncalibrated measurements to 5%for the calibrated measurements.The reduction in variance allows for the direct comparison of results among instruments.A single-point elongation calibration was also assessed but found to be less effective than the proposed two-point calibration.Conclusion:The use of an effective calibration routine on HVI measurement of cotton significantly reduces the coefficient of variation of the elongation measurement within and between instruments.The implementation of the elongation calibration will allow testing and breeding programs to implement high-speed elongation testing which makes the use of elongation values possible in breeding programs.

An Analysis of Sara Crewe's Characteristics in A Little Princess

A Little Princess is one of the great works of children's literature.It has one successful play adaption on Broadway,five film adaptions and seven television adaptions worldwide.It has remained appealing since its publication in 1905.This paper analyzes the characteristics of Sara to explore the charm of A Little Princess.

RESEARCH ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF OIL FLAX FIBER

In this paper investigations of the macromolecular chain structure, crystalline andmorphological structure of oil flax of San Xi and flax of East-North by means of such as elec-tron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, density and birefringence etc. is presented. The physical andmechanical properties of fibers are also measured. The results show that there is a little differencebetween the macrostructure of two kinds of flax fibers. The count which is an average linear den-sity of single fiber from different parts (root, middle, top of the stem), of the oil flax and that ofthe flax from East-North is 3.28 dtex and 3.29 dtex respectively. The modulus, breaking tenacityand elongation of oil flax are 1835.63 cN / tex, 61.08 cN / tex and 3.62% respectively. Com-paring this data with the data of flax, we find that there exists no appreciable difference.

THE INFLUENCE OF DRAWING CONDITIONS OF PET POY ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF THE FIBER

Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained under different drawing velocities, drawing temperatures anddraw ratios. The variations of structural factors of fiber such as the orientation, crystallinity,crystallite size and the thermal shrinkage have been measured. It is proved through experimentsthat the thermal shrinkage（Y） of the drawn fiber of PET POY is influenced by the orientation （rep-resented by sonic velocity x1） and crystallinity （x2） of the fiber. The quantitative relationship is es-tablished using the binary regression method: Y=10.2246+2.2030x1-26.2670x2 The mechanical properties such as tenacity, elongation, yield stress, initial modulus and the te-nacity at 10% elongation, etc. have also been measured. The relations between the tenacity at 10%elongation （D） and drawing velocity（V）, draw ratio （DR）, drawing temperature （T）, and sonic ve-locity and crystallinity have been obtained using a method of mathematical statistics: D=4.594-0.009 6V , D=-8.937+7.170DR, D=2.866+0.00629T, D=-7.34+2.866x1+6.314x2 These equations fit well with data from the experiments. This work will be benefical to the control of quality of products and the development of newproducts.

Effect of Blending Ratio on the Properties of Ramie/Polyester Blended Yarn

The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.

Absorption and Permeability of Air-jet Textured Glass Fiber Yarn and Its Fabric for Resin

The Absorption and permeability of air-jet textured glass fiber yarn and its fabric and bonded tenacity of the fabric have been studied in relation to the main parameters, air supplied pressure and overfeed ratio.It has been observed that increasing the level of main parameters improves the coated ratio of the textured yarn and its fabric as well as the bonded tenacity of the fabric made of textured yarn. Comparison of absorption or permeability between textured and supplied yarns, and comparison of absorption or permeability and bonded tenacity between the two kinds of fabrics have been elucidated.

Investigation of the Physical Properties of Jute Blended Yarn Using a Novel Approach in Spinning Process

This work reports the successful outcomes to process the polyester, acrylic and wool fiber along with jute fiber exclusively using existing jute processing machineries for manufacturing the 241 tex jute blended yarn. The blending was performed at feeding stage of breaker carding machine and blending ratio of jute and polyester/acrylic/wool fibers is 80:20. Manufacturing of jute blended yarns will create a new opportunity for extending the uses of jute fibers in value added jute products. The present work is concerned with the investigation of physical properties such as tenacity, elongation % at break, quality ratio, unevenness, imperfections (thick, thin & neps) and hairiness of manufactured jute blended yarns. The jute-polyester (80/20) blended yarn shows the higher strength and more evenness compared to jute-acrylic (80/20), jute-wool (80/20) blended and 100% jute yarn.

Effect of Changing Front Top Roller Pressure of Drafting Zone of a Ring Frame on the Quality of Cotton-Flax Blended Yarn

Pressure applied on the top roller of drafting zone is a vital factor on which the quality of ultimate yarn depends. Drafting zone is needed to reduce the mass per unit length of input material. Appropriate contact of top rollers with bottom rollers is necessary to ensure proper drafting. In this paper, the effects of different front top roller pressure of drafting zone on the quality of 20Ne cotton-flax blended yarns (C:L = 45:55) were studied. It was observed that a higher pressure value gives a lower co-efficient of mass variation, imperfections, hairiness and higher evenness, tenacity, elongation properties.

Observation of a Chemical Softener’s Effects on Stem-Specific Lignocellulosic <i>Brassica napus</i>(Type: Canola) (Cultivar: HYHEAR 3) Fiber Quality

Chemical softener (Cepreton UN) is used to soften the cellulosic fiber (cotton) in the textile industries to make clothes better to touch. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Cepreton UN on both physical (length, aspect ratio, contact angle, and moisture regain) and mechanical (load at break, elongation at break, tensile stress, young’s modulus, and tenacity) properties of the lignocellulosic canola (HYREAR 3) fibers extracted from narrow, medium, and wide stems. ANOVA showed that fiber diameter had strong effects on elongation at break, load at break, tensile stress, young’s modulus, and aspect ratio for all fibers. Corrgram values showed that tensile stress, young’s modulus, and aspect ratio were negatively correlated to fiber diameter whereas load at break and tenacity were mostly positively correlated to fiber diameter. The fibers were treated with 2% and 10% Cepreton UN and compared with control fibers. In most cases, the fiber diameter was decreased in both 2% and 10% treated medium stem fibers. The mean values of elongation at break, load at break, tenacity, and contact angle were decreased for 10% and increased for 2% and the mean values of tensile stress, young’s modulus, and aspect ratio were decreased for 2% and increased for 10% treated medium stem fibers. Moisture regain (%) mostly decreased for 2%, and increased for 10% treated fibers. Low pH (4.5) had an almost similar effect on fibers as 2% Cepreton UN. Overall, 2% Cepreton UN treatment is found to be better than 10% to make canola fibers less stiff and low pH was found to be an alternative softener treatment strategy.