Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

For the People’s Interests

THE annual sessions of China’s top legislative and advisory bodies were held in Beijing from March 3 to 20,during which Xi Jinping was reelected Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People’s republic of China.In his speech on March 20 at the closing meeting of the first session of the 13th National People’s Con-

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

Seeking a Common Platform for Safeguarding Women’s Rights and Interests

＂Women＇s rights and interests are human rights＂ is now a concept accepted by all. The power of the law now safeguards the rights and interests of women. Recalling efforts in recent years to safeguard women＇s rights and interests, we cannot but feel gratified to know that we have made great progress.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

Lebesgue-Stieljes积分理论的教学设计

针对L-S积分理论作了一个4课时较完整的教学设计.教学内容包括R-S积分、L-S积分、分部积分公式(链式法则)和L-S积分在利率模型中的应用,同时统计了相应的教学反馈信息.

随机利率下B-S模型基于非参数估计的期权保险精算定价

引入服从Hull-White模型的随机利率,讨论了广义B-S模型欧式期权的保险精算定价问题.利用标的资产价格过程的实际概率测度和公平保费原理,得到了在期权有效期内有无红利支付两种情况下,欧式期权的保险精算定价公式.考虑到期权的保险定价问题依赖于未知的模型参数——标的资产价格的波动率、随机利率过程的漂移参数和波动率参数,利用资产价格和随机利率的观测数据,给出了基于模型参数估计的保险精算定价公式,并讨论了所得定价公式的相合性.

我国上市公司Tobin’s Q与通货膨胀的相关性研究

本文运用1992:1—2002:4panel季度数据研究了我国上市公司Tobin’sQ与名义货币预期收益、实际利率和产出缺口的相关性。研究表明我国上市公司Tobin’sQ既包含与产品需求和实际利率相关的顺周期内容,也包含与货币供给、通货膨胀和债务融资相关的逆周期内容。

侵犯公民个人信息罪的法定犯意涵

个人信息刑法保护模式的选择离不开对侵犯公民个人信息罪本质属性的认识,目前多数学者将本罪理解为自然犯,但这种认识存在诸多误区。根据学界对自然犯/法定犯区分具有共识的三个标准:首先,从古代国家到现代国家、从现代社会到信息社会,个人信息在社会变迁中经历了“古今之变”,只有在信息社会中才得以获得法律的全面保护;其次,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益兼具个人法益和超个人法益的双重面向,不应忽视个人信息作为社会交往之构成要素的集体法益维度;最后,侵犯公民个人信息罪中“违反国家有关规定”是法定犯的前置法律法规,其内涵是国家对个人信息处理者施加的合规义务。因此,侵犯公民个人信息罪是法定犯而非自然犯。以此为起点,开展以侵犯公民个人信息罪为代表的法定犯基础理论研究,是未来值得开拓的重要方向。

利率平价偏离、资本账户开放与经济波动—基于小国DSGE模型的分析

基于中国资本管制、意愿结售汇改革、冲销干预等特征,引入国际风险溢价构建一个小国开放经济DSGE模型,分析了利率平价偏离时资本账户开放对中国经济波动和社会福利的影响.理论分析和数值模拟表明:1)利率平价偏离程度上升会增加本国通胀风险,加剧经济波动,伴随社会福利水平下降,如果央行忽略利率平价偏离的影响,将低估外国货币政策冲击对本国通胀和经济波动,以及社会福利的影响;2)资本账户开放会减小本国通胀风险,降低本国经济波动,提高社会福利水平.因此,中国应该坚持资本账户开放,稳步推进利率和汇率市场化改革,减小利率平价偏离程度,进一步提高资本账户开放的收益.

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

基于MAS的自适应智能搜索引擎的研究

随着网络信息资源的迅速增加和实时更新,准确、快捷地获取自己所需要的有用信息是现代网络信息检索技术需要解决的主要问题。本文介绍了一种基于MAS(Multi-Agent System)的自适应智能搜索引擎系统,MAS为每个Agent指派了不同的功能,其中学习Agent能够很好地对用户的兴趣进行自适应学习,过滤Agent对反馈给用户的信息进行了过滤,既保证了查全率,又提高了检索结果的查准率。

再论S市水污染案罪名的两难

党的十九大首次提出"人与自然是生命共同体"的重要理念,全方位着力解决突出的环境问题,我国法治生态文明建设任重而道远。《刑法修正案(八)》将重大污染环境事故罪罪名修改为污染环境罪,是我国环境刑事立法完善进程的一项重大成果。而S市水污染案罪名之争,无疑是这一重大成果实现的重要推动力。该案罪名的变化,蕴含着司法机关在立法滞后情境下对法律适用的诸多两难选择。回溯该案的意义,在于以全新的法治生态文明理念为指导、以实证借鉴为基础,从刑事政策、正义需求、理念创新等多维度突破实践困境、平衡社会价值,以实现惩治犯罪、保护环境、促进法治之目的。