Mixed Integer Robust Programming Model for Multimodal Fresh Agricultural Products Terminal Distribution Network Design

The low efficiency and high cost of fresh agricultural product terminal distribution directly restrict the operation of the entire supply network.To reduce costs and optimize the distribution network,we construct a mixed integer programmingmodel that comprehensively considers tominimize fixed,transportation,fresh-keeping,time,carbon emissions,and performance incentive costs.We analyzed the performance of traditional rider distribution and robot distribution modes in detail.In addition,the uncertainty of the actual market demand poses a huge threat to the stability of the terminal distribution network.In order to resist uncertain interference,we further extend the model to a robust counterpart form.The results of the simulation show that the instability of random parameters will lead to an increase in the cost.Compared with the traditional rider distribution mode,the robot distribution mode can save 12.7%on logistics costs,and the distribution efficiency is higher.Our research can provide support for the design of planning schemes for transportation enterprise managers.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers and peptidergic terminals in the nasal mucosa of rats

Objective To further investigate the mechanism of nasal secretion closely related to the innervation patterns in nasal mucosa with emphasis on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive fibers and peptidergic terminals in nasal mucosa as well as trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells. Methods Histochemical demonstration of AChE positive fibers, immunohistochemical study of the distribution patterns of multiple peptidergic terminals, double labelling of AChE and substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM) mRNA in situ hybridization were carried out in nasal mucosa and trigeminal ganglion (TG) in rats. Results AChE positive terminals were mainly distributed in the mid to posterior one third of septal nasal mucosa, with greater staining density on the walls of small vessels and glands. There were fewer such terminals in turbinate mucosa. Tachykinins ergic terminals, including substance P(SP) , neurokinin A (NKA) , neurokinin B(NKB) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) ergic terminals, had an extensive localizations in nasal mucosa, involving the following areas: between epithelial cells, submucosa, the walls of small vessels, glands and venous sinusoids in both septal and turbinate nasal mucosa. Septal mucosa had the greater density. There were overlaps in the distribution of these peptidergic terminals. There were also vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) , neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) ergic terminals in nasal mucosa. But no neurotensin (NT) and somatostatin (SOM) ergic terminals were found. In situ hybridization revealed SOMmRNA expression in TG cells. AChE and nine neuropeptides existed in the cytoplasms of TG cells. Besides, AChE and SP could exist simultaneously in cytoplasms of TG cells. Conclusions AChE positive (corresponding to parasympathetic nerves) and peptidergic terminals have different distribution patterns in the nasal mucosa of rats, although an overlap does exist, indicative of their different physiological effects on the regulation of nasal secretion and other functions; AChE and multiple neuropeptides in the cytoplasm of TG cells might play a role in modulating the nasal secretion in response to stimuli in the nasal mucosa.