Natural Resistance of Two Plantation Woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to Decay Fungi and Termites

Natural durability of two plantation woods, Chinese fir and I-214 poplar, was investigated thoroughly by three test- ing methods, namely an accelerated laboratory decay test, a fungus cellar test and a field test. After the decay test using Postia pla- centa and Trametes versicolor, Chinese fir and the I-214 poplar showed 34% and 69% of mass loss, respectively, indicating they should be classified as slightly durable and non-durable wood. This conclusion was confirmed by the fungus cellar test and the field test. Like the performance in the decay test, I-214 poplar showed no resistance to termites either in the laboratory or in the field, whereas Chinese fir would be classified as moderately resistant.

Development of Wistar rat model of insulin resistance

AIM: To establish a simplified and reliable animal model of insulin resistance with low cost in Wistar rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were treated with a high fat emulsion by ig for 10 d. Changes of the diets, drinking and body weight were monitored every day and insulin resistance was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemicclamp techniques and short insulin tolerance test using capillary blood glucose. Morphologic changes of liver, fat, skeletal muscles, and pancreatic islets were assessed under light microscope. mRNA expressions of GLUT2 and α-glucosidase in small intestine epithelium, GLUT4 in skeletal muscles and Kir6.2 in beta cell of islets were determined by in situ hybridization.RESULTS: KITT was smaller in treated animals (4.5±0.9)than in untreated control Wistar rats (6.8±1.5), and so was glucose injection rate. Both adipocyte hypertrophy and large pancreatic islets were seen in high fat fed rats,but no changes of skeletal muscles and livers wereobserved. mRNA levels of GLUT2, α-glucosidase in small intestinal epithelium and Kir6.2 mRNA in beta cells of islets increased, whereas that of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles decreased in high fat fed group compared with normal control group.CONCLUSION: An insulin resistance animal model in Wistar rats is established by ig special fat emulsion.

Effect of Soy Isoflavone Crude Extract Supplementation on High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Rats

Female Wister rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into sham operation group, ovariectomized （OVX） control group, and 20VX groups fed with soy isoflavone crude extract supplementation. The rats had free access to high fat diet and water for 9 weeks. No significant difference was found in body weight （BW）, total abdominal fat, food intake and food utilization rate between OVX control group and 20VX groups. However, the fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels were significantly higher in 20VX groups than in OVX control group （P〈0.05）. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test （IGTI＂） showed that the area under AUC was smaller in 20VX groups than in OVX control group （P〈0.05）. These findings showed that soy isoflavone crude extract supplementation can improve glucose tolerance and prevent high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats.

Effects of insulin receptor tyrosine protein kinase on insulin resistance after scalding in rats

After the rats were inflicted with 30% TBSA full thickness scalding on their back, the changes of insulin receptor tyrosine protein kinase (IRTPK) were studied on the 4th day postscalding with the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates stimulated with hepatic and muscular plasma membrane in order to explore the possible molecular mechanism of insulin resistance after thermal injury. It was found that insulin resistance appeared in the early stage postscalding while the basic value of phosphorylation of exogenous substrates stimulated with hepatic and muscular plasma membrane was increased and the activity of IPTPK to insulin stimulation was greatly suppressed as compared with the control. These facts suggest that the impaired responses of IRTPK to insulin stimulation may affect the down-stream signal transmission of the insulin receptors and then the signal coupling pathwayfor glucose transmembranous transportation and glycogen synthesis mediated by IRTPK is obstructed and insulinresistance develops.

cDNA Microarray Analysis of Insulin Resistance-associated Genes in Fructose-fed Rats

This study was conducted to investigate the gene expression in fructose-fed rat skeletal muscle by cDNA chip which could provide support to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance. The rats were divided into two groups, one of which was normal control and the other was fed with fructose-rich diet. The mRNA was isolated and purified from the skeletal muscle of two groups. The mRNA from two kinds of tissue was reverse transcribed to cDNA with Cy3-dUTP and Cy5-dUTP separately to prepare hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to cDNA microarray. The microarray was scanned, analyzed and repeated for two times. Among the total 4 096 tested genes, 140 genes were differently expressed, 62 up-regulated,78 down-regulated, the expression of Ptprd and Gilz and multiple genes of oxidative metabolism is associated in insulin resistance. The differential expression of gene may be related to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

Apoptosis of Pancreatic Beta Cells in Pregnant Insulin-resistant Rats Fed with High-fat Diet

Objective The aim of this study is by observing the number change of islets beta cells in gestational rats exposed to high fat diet, tofurther reveal the mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Female Wistar rats were exposed to high fat diet for five weeks, and then became pregnant. During pregnancy dynamically detected indicators of glucose and fat. Until the third trimester of pregnancy evaluated the sensitivity of insulin and glucose tolerance. After executed rats, selected pancreatic tail tissue and fixed, further slides were stained with insulin antibody by immunohistochemistry to confirm the location of beta cells. Image analysis system determined mean area stained positive cells in each islet, which stood for total number of beta cells. The apoptotic beta cells in islet were detected and quantified by the Tunel technology to calculate apoptosis ratio. Results The level of free fatty acids in rats exposed to high fat diet was significantly higher than the control groups, and insulin resistance was more serious. Compared mean stained positive area among each group, the largest was gestational rats fed high fat diet, and gestational rats was larger than virgin rats, but the difference had no statistical significance. About apoptoticratio of beta cells was higher in diet intervened rats, gestational rats were higher than virgin rats. The same trend happened in the number of positive cells, but discrepancy was not remarkable. Conclusion Based on insulin resistance, apoptosis of pancreatic beta cellsincreased in gestational ratstaking high fat diet, through changing the number of beta cells to down regulate the pancreas endocrine function. That may be the mechanism of gestational mellitus.

Co-Habitation of <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i>with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Resistant to Methicillin and Vancomycin in the Nasal Snares of Laboratory Rats

The public health problem created by multidrug resistant bacteria in the 21st century continues to receive attention by researchers all over the world. As the production of new antibiotics is not commeasurable with the rate of evolvement of MDR bacteria, the news of a proposed new antibiotic “Lugdunin” is much awaited and a welcomed development. Lugdunin is produced by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and has the ability to kill S. aureus. Both bacteria are nasal colonizers. The present investigation looks into the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of co-habitation of S. lugdunensis with methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in laboratory bred Wister rats. Nasal swabs of anaesthetized rats were collected using a sterile cotton swab moistened in 0.9% saline solution. All swabs were inoculated into nutrient broth, cultured at 37°C for 24 hrs. Overnight bacterial growth plated on blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Organism identification and antibiotic susceptibility test were by using BioMerieux VITEK 2 compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy I’Etoile France), according to the manufacturers guidelines. Results obtained showed co-habitation of S. aureus with co-agulase negative bacteria, inclusive of S. lugdunensis. All the isolates were resistant to methicillin with a 33.3% resistance to vancomycin. The difference between the number of antibiotic resistant or sensitive varied statistically among the Staphylococcal isolates. For S. aureus 1, the difference was significant with p-value 0.034 but not significant for isolates 2, 3 and 4 with p-values of 0.158, 0.477 and 0.158 respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen with S. lugdunensis. The result from the study therefore, showed that the colonization of the nasal snares of the laboratory bred rats with S. aureus and other co-agulase negative Staphylococci was not affected by the presence of S. lugdunensis.

Adrenocortical system activity in alloxan-resistant and alloxan-susceptible Wistar rats

In the dynamics of the disease development, diuresis and glycosuria increase in alloxan-susceptible rats, while in alloxan-resistant rats the increase in the values of these indices is expressed to a lesser extent, and they begin to decrease by day 8 of the disease. In alloxan-susceptible rats, the mass index of adrenal gland is increased, and that of thymus is decreased and corticosterone concentration in blood, adrenal gland and urine as well as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities in liver are increased;in alloxan-resistant rats the values of these indices do not differ from those of rats of the control group.

Antidiabetic Activity of Blood Burnet Extract in High Fructose Fed Insulin Resistant Rats

Insulin resistance is one of leading pathogenic process in diabetes mellitus type-2. It is known that high-fructose intake leads to obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia in rodents. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of Blood bumet＇s extract on body weight, visceral fat, blood glucose, plasma insulin, lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants （superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase） in fructose-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Our results showed that in high-fructose-induced diabetic rats were observed abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased lipid profiles and atherogenic index, decreased insulin sensitivity, activation of lipid peroxidation and reduced activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Blood bumet＇s extract was able to improve insulin resistance, glucose toleration, rectifies dyslipidemia and abolish the damage in antioxidant system in terms of high-fructose feeding in rats.

堤坝蚁巢综合物探技术研究进展

通过梳理不同时期土石坝蚁巢的类型与规模,阐述了蚁巢的结构特点及成灾模式,总结了蚁巢物探的物性基础;着重介绍了直流电阻率法、探地雷达技术、地震勘探法等在蚁巢探测中的应用现状,从成果维度、探测效率、工作强度、探查精度等视角论述了探测方法的适用条件,指出现有物探技术还不能有效支撑蚁巢的高精度、高效率、立体化探测,并提出了普查-详查-治理-监控的蚁患综合物探服务架构。立足于蚁巢探查技术的客观需要,提出未来蚁巢物探技术应聚焦研制蚁巢发育阶段的1∶1病害物理模拟装置及隐患图谱,研发适应堤坝地形的蚁巢探测装备及正反演算法,构建堤坝蚁害常态化巡查体系及时移电阻率监控系统。

穿心莲内酯对胰岛素抵抗大鼠的影响及可能作用机制分析

目的 探讨穿心莲内酯对胰岛素抵抗大鼠的影响及可能作用机制。方法 获得SPF级健康成年Wistar大鼠48只,随机选择36只大鼠经高脂高糖饲料喂养建立实验性Wistar大鼠IR模型,按照随机数字分配法分为空白对照模型组(HFD组)、穿心莲内酯高剂量组(High组)和穿心莲内酯低剂量组(Low组),选择12只大鼠接受普通饲料喂养作为正常对照组(NC组),High组大鼠予以经腹腔注射穿心莲内酯200 mg/(kg·d),Low组大鼠予以穿心莲内酯腹腔注射100 mg/(kg·d),HFD组以及NC组仅予以等量生理盐水腹腔注射,连续14 d。应用葡萄糖氧化酶法对空腹血糖值(FBG)水平进行监测,应用ELISA法检测空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin, FINS),计算稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, HOMA-IR);油红O染色制片检测肝脏的病理变化;应用联苯三酚自氧化法对超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活力,应用硫代巴比妥酸法对丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)水平进行监测;免疫组化法检测大鼠肝脏组织内核糖体蛋白S6激酶(Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, S6K1)及p-胰岛素受体底物-1(p-insulin receptor substrate-1,p-IRS-1)(Tyr632)蛋白表达水平,Westernblotting法检测肝脏组织内S6K1及p-IRS-1(Tyr632)表达水平。应用SPSS 23.0软件包进行分析。结果 相比NC组比较,HFD组、High组、Low组大鼠FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平明显升高(P<0.05);与HFD组相比,其余3组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平较低(P<0.05);与穿心莲内酯Low组相比,High组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平较低(P<0.05)。相比NC组,HFD组光密度平均值增加(P<0.05);相比HFD组,穿心莲内酯High组与Low组脂滴面积/肌纤维总面积、光密度平均值均下降(P<0.05);与穿心莲内酯Low组相比,High组脂滴面积/肌纤维总面积、光密度平均值较低(P<0.05)。与NC组相比,HFD组SOD活性与MDA含量增加(P<0.05);相比HFD组,穿心莲内酯High组与Low组SOD活性与MDA含量均下降(P<0.05);与穿心莲内酯Low组相比,High组SOD活性与MDA含量较低(P<0.05)。与NC组相比,HFD组FAT/CD36蛋白相对表达量增加,CPT-1蛋白相对表达量下降(P<0.05);相比HFD组,穿心莲内酯High组与Low组FAT/CD36蛋白相对表达量下降,CPT-1蛋白相对表达量增加(P<0.05);与穿心莲内酯Low组相比,High组FAT/CD36蛋白相对表达量较低,CPT-1蛋白相对表达量较高(P<0.05)。与NC组相比,HFD组FAT/CD36mRNA相对表达量增加,CPT-1mRNA相对表达量降低(P<0.05);相比HFD组,穿心莲内酯High组与Low组FAT/CD36mRNA相对表达量下降,CPT-1mRNA相对表达量增加(P<0.05);与穿心莲内酯Low组相比,High组FAT/CD36mRNA相对表达量较低,CPT-1mRNA相对表达量较高(P<0.05)。结论 穿心莲内酯能够改善胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素抵抗状态,显著改善IR大鼠的IR状态,其治疗机制与改善氧化应激状态,与下调S6K1的表达及提升IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化水平具有密切相关性。

耐盐瓜胶合成及其溶胀性能研究

针对瓜胶原粉抗盐性差的问题,通过化学改性制得耐盐瓜胶,并用红外光谱仪对产物进行了结构表征。进一步考察了相对分子质量、粒径、搅拌转速、温度、盐离子等对其溶胀性能影响。结果表明:制备的耐盐瓜胶相对分子质量越小、粒径越小,速溶性能越好;相对分子质量和粒径过小均会导致耐盐瓜胶增黏性降低。搅拌速度和温度增加均有助于溶解。一价离子相对于二价离子对耐盐瓜胶的溶胀增黏性影响较小,SEM观测不同盐溶液中耐盐瓜胶分子的构型有差别。合成的耐盐瓜胶具有一定的耐盐性,速溶性较好,可适用于海上连续混配液需求。

淫羊藿总黄酮对去势大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的影响及与骨密度的相关性

目的:探讨淫羊藿总黄酮(TFE)对去势大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP-5b)及骨密度的影响。方法:10月龄雌性SD大鼠去卵巢法建立大鼠模型,随机数字表法分为空白对照组(N)、模型对照组(O)、TFE低(T_(L))、中(T_(M))、高(T_(H))剂量组,β-雌二醇(E)组各10只,灌胃干预90d。用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶试剂盒测定TRACP-5b含量,用小动物分析软件测定活体全身骨密度。结果:(1)TRACP-5b水平O组明显高于N组,具有显著性差异(P<0.01),T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组TRACP-5b水平明显低于O组,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)与N组比较,O、T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组腰椎骨密度均下降,唯有O组呈显著性差异(P<0.05);与O组比较,T_(M)、T_(H)组腰椎骨密度升高、呈显著性差异(P<0.05),E组腰椎骨密度升高、具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(3)与N组比较,O、T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组全身骨密度均下降,唯有O组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与O组比较,T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组全身骨密度均升高,唯有E组呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:TFE可以降低去势大鼠血清中TRACP-5b的含量,并与去势大鼠腰椎骨密度、全身骨密度呈一定的量效关系。

电针对胰岛素抵抗大鼠下丘脑自噬活性的影响

目的观察电针对胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)大鼠下丘脑自噬调控基因Atg1、Atg13和Beclin-1表达及糖原合成酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK3β)表达的影响,探究针刺治疗IR的潜在机制。方法将45只清洁级Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组(15只)和模型制备组(30只)。正常组予常规饲养,模型制备组予高脂饲料和10%的果糖水饲养8周,制备IR模型。造模成功后,将模型制备组30只大鼠随机分为模型组(15只)和电针组(15只)。电针组大鼠行电针干预。分别于造模成功后及干预后,采用微量血糖仪和酶联免疫吸附法测定大鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)及空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistance index,IRI),评定大鼠IR程度。用Western blot和real-time PCR法检测下丘脑组织Atg1、Atg13、Beclin-1、GSK3βmRNA和蛋白表达,评价电针对胰岛素抵抗大鼠下丘脑自噬活性的影响。结果造模后,与正常组比较,模型制备组大鼠IRI均明显升高(P<0.05)。干预后,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠Atg1、Atg13、Beclin-1、GSK3βmRNA和蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组Atg1、Atg13、Beclin-1、GSK3βmRNA和蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05),IRI降低(P<0.05)。结论电针可明显改善高脂高糖诱导的IR,其机制可能与下调自噬相关因子Atg1、Atg13、Beclin-1表达从而抑制下丘脑细胞过度自噬以及降低GSK3β的表达有关。

不同方式运动对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌脂肪沉积的影响及AMPK-ACC途径在调节脂肪酸氧化中的作用

目的:研究有氧运动、抗阻运动、有氧联合抗阻运动3种不同方式运动对胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠骨骼肌游离脂肪酸(FFA)及腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶(CPT1)活性水平的影响,为探讨不同方式运动对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌脂肪沉积的效果及AMPK-ACC途径在骨骼肌中调节脂肪酸氧化的作用。方法:高糖高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型之后改为普食饲养,并随机分为高脂改善食对照组(C组)、有氧运动组(E组)、抗阻运动组(R组)、有氧+抗阻联合运动组(RE组),运动干预结束后检测股四头肌FFA、AMPK、ACC、CPT1酶活性水平。结果:(1)13周高糖高脂饮食造模后,与P组相比,造模组C组口服葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素耐量在30 min、60 min、曲线下面积AUC均有极显著性差异(P<0.01),造模组C组大鼠FBG无显著性差异(P>0.05);造模组C组FINS、ISI、HOMA-IR较P组均有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)与C组相比,E组、R组、RE组血清FFA无显著差异(P>0.05);股四头肌FFA均显著降低(P<0.01),但各运动组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)与C组相比,E组、R组、RE组AMPK酶活性均显著升高(P<0.01),RE组AMPK酶活性较E组、R组均显著升高(P<0.01);与C组相比,E组、RE组ACC酶活性有降低趋势,而R组则升高,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05),各运动组之间ACC酶活性也未见差异(P>0.05);各运动组CPT1酶活性较C组均显著升高(P<0.01),RE组CPT1酶活性较E组、R组均显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:(1)13周高糖高脂饮食干预成功造成胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型。(2)8周期不同运动均能显著降低IR大鼠骨骼肌脂肪沉积,其机制可能与运动显著上调IR大鼠骨骼肌AMPK、CPT1酶活性水平,增强脂肪氧化利用,改善胰岛素抵抗有关;联合有氧与抗阻运动较单一运动对脂肪氧化效果更为显著。(3)8周期不同方式运动干预未观察到IR大鼠ACC、CPT1的同步变化。IR大鼠骨骼肌脂肪酸氧化的调节可能独立于AMPK/ACC途径,ACC酶活性的调节对于降低脂肪含量是否重要,尚需进一步研究。

尼日尔Termit盆地低阻油层成因机理及综合识别技术

尼日尔Termit盆地地层水矿化度低(矿化度为200×10-6~1 500×10-6),油气水系统和流体类型非常复杂,不仅发育多套油气水系统,而且正常油气层、低阻油层均存在。实践证明,应用单一的资料和相同的方法很难评价如此复杂的流体类型,尤其是低阻油层的识别。通过已钻井证实,该盆地古近系Sokor1组和白垩系Yogou组普遍存在低阻油层,其电阻率特征主要表现为两类,一是同一沉积时期内油层电阻率与相邻水层电阻率相近,二是油层的电阻率与邻近泥岩的电阻率相近。根据薄片、扫描电镜、黏土X-衍射、压汞等资料,考虑岩石粒度、孔隙结构、黏土矿物含量及类型、油层厚度、导电矿物等,分析研究了该盆地低阻油层成因的微观机理和宏观影响因素。研究结果表明,岩石颗粒细、黏土含量高及微孔隙发育导致束缚水含量高是目标盆地低阻油层形成的主要微观机理。宏观影响因素主要是油层薄和咸水泥浆侵入。根据低阻油层成因及其测、录井资料的响应特征分析研究认为,综合利用电阻率和自然伽马、电阻率和自然电位相对值交会图,将录井油气显示定量化得到的录井油气显示级别的综合指数GEOFI与气测总烃TG交会图,RFT压力资料计算的流体密度可以有效识别该盆地低阻油层。研究还揭示了低阻油层在Termit盆地平面和纵向上的分布规律,平面上分布在Dinga地堑、Fana低凸起和Yogou斜坡的各油田中,纵向上主要集中在第三系Sokor1组的E1、E2小层河流相沉积及白垩系三角洲和湖相沉积的砂泥岩互层中。

雌性大鼠性早熟对糖脂代谢的影响

【目的】探究雌性大鼠性早熟对糖代谢和脂代谢的影响。【方法】将60只两天龄的雌性大鼠随机分为性早熟组和正常组两组,分别在5天龄时给予达那唑(300μg/只)或溶剂大豆油进行皮下注射,从21天龄起每天观察大鼠的阴道开口状况。建模成功的两组按照阴道开口顺序分别于阴道开口后3 d、7周龄和12周龄进行处死,处死前空腹12 h。【方法】测量麻醉后的体重和鼻肛长,通过酶联免疫吸附试验测量葡萄糖、胰岛素、血脂、雌二醇、瘦素和脂联素的浓度,病理切片观察肾周脂肪、子宫和卵巢的变化。【结果】通过正常组和早熟组两组3个时间点对比,早熟组在阴道开口3 d时体质量和鼻肛长小于正常组,但是不影响后续生长发育,7周龄和12周龄时两组体质量和鼻肛长差异无统计学意义。两组的胰岛素浓度对比在阴道开口后3天内有统计学意义(P=0.001),早熟组存在高胰岛素血症,且早熟组此时的肾周脂肪细胞增多,在7和12周龄差异无统计学意义,两组3个时间点的雌二醇、瘦素和脂联素浓度差异均无统计学意义,两组卵巢和子宫与体质量的比重差异无统计学意义。【结论】通过两组大鼠的对比,性早熟使机体提前跨越发育的时间窗,不能适应内环境的骤变,产生的一系列变化只是暂时性且可逆性,至成年期会恢复。

扶正透邪解毒化瘀方对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌肺炎老年大鼠炎症损伤的影响

目的探讨扶正透邪解毒化瘀方对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌(MDRPA)肺炎老年大鼠不同时相炎症损伤的影响。方法将老年SD大鼠分为空白组、模型组、西药组、中药组、中药提前给药组、中西医结合治疗组,除空白组外使用经口气管插管法进行MDRPA肺炎造模,观察各组大鼠死亡保护率、生命延长率;在感染后不同时间点取大鼠血清及肺组织标本,应用ELISA试剂盒测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平,光镜下观察肺组织支气管、肺泡等结构;在感染后第3日取肺组织标本,电镜下观察各组肺组织超微结构。结果中药提前给药组和中西医结合治疗组可提高死亡保护率和生命延长率。中西医结合治疗组可明显降低MDRPA肺炎老年大鼠血清中促炎因子TNF-α水平,升高抑炎因子IL-10水平,其作用强度明显优于西药组,且可明显减少肺组织炎症细胞浸润和充血水肿,明显减轻肺泡结构的破坏。中药提前给药组可在炎症反应早期升高血清抑炎因子IL-10水平,降低促炎因子TNF-α水平。结论扶正透邪解毒化瘀方对老年MDRPA肺炎大鼠有着较高的死亡保护率和生命延长率,与头孢他啶联合治疗可纠正MDRPA感染后紊乱的炎症状态,减轻炎症损伤。中药提前给药可对MDRPA感染后造成的炎症损伤起到保护与治疗作用,对维持机体免疫稳态具有重要意义。

扶正透邪解毒化瘀方对不同时间点老年肺炎大鼠炎症及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨扶正透邪解毒化瘀方对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌肺炎老年大鼠炎症反应与免疫功能的态影响。方法:将实验老年大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、西药对照组、中药组、中药提前给药组、中西医结合观察组,动态观察不同时间点各组老年大鼠炎症指标的变化及淋巴细胞增殖水平的变化。结果:中药提前给药组及中西医结合观察组疗效显著,中药组对感染早期的炎症水平改善明显;中西医结合观察组可使T淋巴细胞增殖能力趋于正常;中药提前给药组、中西医结合观察组能抑制感染后B淋巴细胞的增殖并使其趋于正常。结论:扶正透邪解毒化瘀方能够调节感染早期老年大鼠机体过度的免疫炎症反应,中西医结合治疗能够纠正多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染后紊乱的免疫状态,中药提前给药能够对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染后的炎症反应及免疫紊乱起到一定的预防及治疗作用。

葛根芩连汤对胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏能量代谢及游离脂肪酸的影响

目的探讨葛根芩连汤对胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠肝脏能量代谢及游离脂肪酸(FFA)的影响。方法采用60%脂肪的高脂饲料连续喂养13周复制IR大鼠模型。将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、罗格列酮组(5 mg·kg^(-1))以及葛根芩连汤低、中、高剂量组(1.65、4.96、14.86 g·kg^(-1)),每组6只。灌胃给药,每天1次,连续给药干预16周。测定IR相关指标:血清空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG)值,计算IR指数;建立HPLC法测定大鼠肝组织中三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、一磷酸腺苷(AMP)含量;采用ELISA法测定大鼠肝组织中的FFA含量;采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量;采用HE染色法观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果(1)模型复制结束后,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的FINS、FPG水平及IR指数显著升高(P<0.01);肝脏组织中ATP、ADP、AMP、FFA含量均无明显变化(P>0.05)。(2)给药干预结束后,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的FINS、FPG水平及IR指数显著升高(P<0.01),肝脏组织中ATP、ADP、AMP含量均显著下降(P<0.01),FFA含量显著升高(P<0.01),血清TC、TG水平均明显升高(P<0.05);肝细胞排列紊乱,出现脂肪变性,并存在大量脂滴。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠的FINS水平及IR指数均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),罗格列酮组大鼠的FPG水平明显降低(P<0.05);各给药组大鼠肝脏组织中ADP、AMP含量均明显升高(P<0.05、P<0.01),葛根芩连汤低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏组织中ATP含量明显升高(P<0.05、P<0.01);罗格列酮组及葛根芩连汤低、高剂量组大鼠肝脏组织中FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01);葛根芩连汤低、高剂量组大鼠血清TC水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),罗格列酮组及葛根芩连汤低剂量组大鼠血清TG水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);各给药组大鼠的肝细胞脂肪变性有不同程度减轻,且脂滴减少,病理损伤得到改善。结论葛根芩连汤可能通过调节能量代谢并降低FFA水平,从而改善肝脏脂质代谢紊乱,恢复脂质与能量平衡,从而起到改善IR的作用。