Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pu...Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pupils. 88 primary school pupils in Obafemi-Owode Local Government, Southwestern Nigeria, including 49 males （55.7%） and 39 females （44,3%） （mean age 12 ± 3） were screened for ESBLPE isolates with exclusion criterion of antimicrobial use in the preceding 2 weeks either as therapy for gastro-intestinal complication or prophylaxis. ESBLPE detected include 4.5% of Eschericia coli, 2.3% of Enterobacter cloaca, 0% Proteus mirabilis, 2.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.1% Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5% of Klebsiella oxytoca. 10 （76.9%） of ESBLPE isolates were resistant to disc of cefuroxime （30 μg）, 8 （61.5%） susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic （20/10 lag） and low susceptibility of 7 （53.8%） was recorded for ceftazidime （30 lag）. 0% susceptibility was recorded for the ESBLPE isolates to cefuroxime MIC 〉 8 gg/mL and ampicillin MIC 〉 8 lag/mL while E, coli and E. cloca each show 50.0% and P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca show 100.0% and 75.0% susceptibility to augmentin （MIC 〈 8）. This study has shown a 14.7% proportion of the pupil to harbour ESBLPE from enteric source with increased resistant to most new generation cefuroximes. Therefore, transfer of virulent and antibiotic resistant ESBLPE could be aided by sharing feeding materials while fecal-oral route of transmission cannot be ruled out as hygiene level is very low thereby increasing emergence of virulent resistant enteric strains leading to treatment failure.展开更多
2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-meth-oxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester(III),an important intermediate of the fourth generation cephalos-porins,was efficiently synthesized by reacting 2-(5-amino-1,...2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-meth-oxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester(III),an important intermediate of the fourth generation cephalos-porins,was efficiently synthesized by reacting 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid(I)with 2,29-dibenzothiazole disulfide(II)in the presence of triphenylphosphine.Effects of reaction time,temperature,solvents,catalysts and feeding molar ratio on the yield and quality of products were investigated,and an im-proved procedure suitable for industrial production was established.Using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent,triphe-nylphosphine as reducer,and triethylamine as catalyst,n(I):n(II):n(triphenylphosphine)51.0:1.0:1.0,the product was obtained at room temperature in 98.1%yield.The purity of the product without further purification is 98.7%determined by HPLC method.This procedure could be a suitable alternative to the traditional processes because of its easy handling,high yield and low cost.展开更多
文摘Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pupils. 88 primary school pupils in Obafemi-Owode Local Government, Southwestern Nigeria, including 49 males （55.7%） and 39 females （44,3%） （mean age 12 ± 3） were screened for ESBLPE isolates with exclusion criterion of antimicrobial use in the preceding 2 weeks either as therapy for gastro-intestinal complication or prophylaxis. ESBLPE detected include 4.5% of Eschericia coli, 2.3% of Enterobacter cloaca, 0% Proteus mirabilis, 2.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.1% Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5% of Klebsiella oxytoca. 10 （76.9%） of ESBLPE isolates were resistant to disc of cefuroxime （30 μg）, 8 （61.5%） susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic （20/10 lag） and low susceptibility of 7 （53.8%） was recorded for ceftazidime （30 lag）. 0% susceptibility was recorded for the ESBLPE isolates to cefuroxime MIC 〉 8 gg/mL and ampicillin MIC 〉 8 lag/mL while E, coli and E. cloca each show 50.0% and P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca show 100.0% and 75.0% susceptibility to augmentin （MIC 〈 8）. This study has shown a 14.7% proportion of the pupil to harbour ESBLPE from enteric source with increased resistant to most new generation cefuroximes. Therefore, transfer of virulent and antibiotic resistant ESBLPE could be aided by sharing feeding materials while fecal-oral route of transmission cannot be ruled out as hygiene level is very low thereby increasing emergence of virulent resistant enteric strains leading to treatment failure.
文摘2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-meth-oxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester(III),an important intermediate of the fourth generation cephalos-porins,was efficiently synthesized by reacting 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid(I)with 2,29-dibenzothiazole disulfide(II)in the presence of triphenylphosphine.Effects of reaction time,temperature,solvents,catalysts and feeding molar ratio on the yield and quality of products were investigated,and an im-proved procedure suitable for industrial production was established.Using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent,triphe-nylphosphine as reducer,and triethylamine as catalyst,n(I):n(II):n(triphenylphosphine)51.0:1.0:1.0,the product was obtained at room temperature in 98.1%yield.The purity of the product without further purification is 98.7%determined by HPLC method.This procedure could be a suitable alternative to the traditional processes because of its easy handling,high yield and low cost.
